中国非政府组织参与公共政策制定的困境与出路研究——以自然之友对环境政策的参与为例-吕施颖.pdf
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1、 中 国 非政府组织参与公共政策制定的困境与出路研究 以 “ 自然之友 ” 对环境政策的参与 为例 重庆大学硕士学位论文 (学术学位) 学生姓名:吕施颖 指导教师:张礼建 教 授 专 业:公共管理 学科门类:管理学 重庆大学公共管理学院 二 O 一五年三月 The studies of difficult position and solutions to NGO participation in public policy-making Take the Friends of Nature for the participation of environmental policy as an
2、 example A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Masters Degree of Management By Lv Shiying Supervised by Prof. Li-Jian Zhang Specialty: Public Administration College of Public Administration of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China March, 2015重庆
3、大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 I 摘 要 党的十八大三中全会提出,要求建立健全决策咨询制度、拓宽社会组织的协商渠道、推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展;同时还要求激发社会组织的活力,推进社会组织明确权责、依法自治、发挥作用,引导它们依法开展活动。随着非政府组织的不断发展与壮大,非政府组织参与公共政策制定的意识也不断加强,并且他们通过各种渠道与手段参与到公共政策制定中来,并试图影响公共政策的制定,以更好的实现组织目标,代表更多的公共利益;非政府组织参与公共政策制定已是现代社会发展的必然结果,同时,非政府组织的政策参与也有利于公共政策制定主体的 多元化,平衡多元社会利益,促进政策制定的科学化、民主化、合
4、法化。然而,在我国非政府组织参与公共政策制定的实践过程中,仍然存在合法地位的缺失、制度化参与渠道利用不足、参与效果不明显、自身资源不足等等问题。 本文将以环保非政府组织 “ 自然之友 ” 为个案,从 “自然之友” 参与公共政策制定的相关事件出发,了解 “自然之友” 参与公共政策制定的现状以及在政策参与中所扮演的角色及其所起到的成效,以此为切入点分析 “自然之友” 在参与公共政策制定中所存在的合法地位的缺失、决策参与的矛盾性、影响效力较低、资源不足等等现实问题,再分析造成 这些问题的原因;然后通过分析国外 NGO 参与公共政策制定的典型案例,在借鉴国外政策参与的经验之上,最后从政府和非政府组织自
5、身两个方面提出相应的对策建议,帮助非政府组织更有效地参与到公共政策制定中去,促进公共政策制定的民主化与科学化。 关键词: 非政府组织,公共政策制定,政策参与, 自然之友 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 II ABSTRACT Third Plenary Session of the Partys eighth proposed,requires the establishment of a sound decision-making advisory system,broaden the channels of negotiation of social organization,promot
6、ing the development of deliberative democracy are widely multi-layer system.It also requires stimulating the vitality of social organizations,to promote NGO of clear accountability,autonomy law,play a role in guiding their activities according to the law.With the rapid development and growth of NGO,
7、as well as the consciousness of participate in public policy gradually enhanced,and they through various channels and means to participate in public policy-making,and trying to influence public policy-making,thus they can achieve organizational goals better,representing more public interest;non-gove
8、rnmental organizations to participate in the public policy-making of the government is an inevitable trend of the development of modern society,Meanwhile, non-governmental organizations involved in policy can help diversify the public policy-making main body,balancing the interests of a pluralistic
9、society,to promote policy development scientific, democratization,legalization.However, in practice the process of NGO involvement in public policy-making,there are still existing problems,such as lack of legal status, institutionalized participation channels underutilized deficiency,lack of resourc
10、es and so on. This article will take the environmental NGO “Friends of Nature“ for example,and starting from the related events of the friends of nature participation in public policy making,to understand the status of the friends of nature participation in public policy making,trying to play the ro
11、le and effectiveness analysis of friends of nature in policy participation,points out the lack of legal status,the contradiction involved in decision-making,the impact of low potency,lack of resources and so on real problems of friends of nature participation in public policy making.And further anal
12、ysis of the specific reasons for these problems;Then through the analysis of typical cases of foreign NGO participation in public policy making,in reference to foreign policy participation experience;finally,put forward the corresponding countermeasure and suggestion from the government and non-gove
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