2010年考研英语一真题及参考内容答案解析.doc
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1、.2010年考研英语一Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.and markA,B,CorDon ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called th
2、e Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting _1_ workers productivity. Instead,the studies ended_2_ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the extremely influential idea the very_3_to being experimented upon changed subjects behaviorThe idea arose because of
3、 the_4_behavior of the women in the plant.According to _5_of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not _6_what was done in the experiment. _7_something was changed productivity rose . A(n) _8_ that they were being experimented upon
4、seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_ itselfAfter several decades ,the same data were _11_to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record,no systematic _13_was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lightingIt
5、turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to _14_interpretation of what happened._15_,lighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and _17_ to rise for the next couple of days _18_ ,a c
6、omparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers _19_to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before _20_a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down1.
7、A affected Bachieved Cextracted Drestored2. Aat Bup Cwith Doff3. Atruth Bsight Cact Dproof4. Acontroversial Bperplexing Cmischievous Dambiguous5. Arequirements Bexplanations Caccounts Dassessments6. Aconclude Bmatter Cindicate Dwork7. Aas far as Bfor fear that Cin case that Dso long as8. Aawareness
8、Bexpectation Csentiment Dillusion9. Asuitable Bexcessive Cenough Dabundant.10. Aabout Bfor Con Dby11. Acompared Bshown Csubjected Dconveyed12. Acontrary to Bconsistent with Cparallel with Dpeculiar to13.Aevidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource14.Adisputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading15.AIn
9、contrast BFor example CIn consequence DAs usual16. Aduly Baccidentally Cunpredictably Dsuddenly17. Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued20.Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing DhittingSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosin
10、gA,B,CorD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult t
11、o the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part o
12、f newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and t
13、he eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they c
14、overed. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few author
15、s have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote fo
16、r the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now .known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a
17、 best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic ta
18、stes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disap
19、peared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized byA free themes
20、.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers a
21、re capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follo
22、w the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.
23、Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online payment system .Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lying a box。Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been c
24、ontroversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a v
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