2018年度高考~英语真题与~模拟类编:专栏08-语法填空(含内容答案).doc
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1、.2018 年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之语法填空2018 年高考语法填空【2018 全国 I】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _61_(long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long_62_(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduc
2、e your risk of _63_ (die) early by running. While running regularly cannt make you live forever, the review says it _64_ (be) more effective at lengthening life_65_ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66_showed a mere five to 10 minutes
3、A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_68_(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get go
4、od running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always_69_(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_a try.【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that which 67. causes 68. strength 69
5、. energetic 70. it running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。61. 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3 年。根据than 可知用比较级,故填 longer。62. 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填 to see。.63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of 是介词,其后用动名词。故填 dying。64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一
6、般现在时。故填 is。65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的 more effective 可知此处填 than。点睛:本文比较难的一个题是 10 题。短语 give it a try 不容易想出来。give a try 试试。Give sb sth; give sth to sb 这些短语学生都很清楚。但 give 后加 it 或 sth 的形式,比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语,尤其是用的比较多,而课本中出现较少的短语。【2018 全国 II】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have chan
7、ged in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _61_(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to
8、 feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes an
9、d reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _67_ .(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _68_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific
10、fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymak
11、ers worldwide.“ says the banks Juergen Voegele.【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。61. 考查时态。since 加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011 年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填 has grown。62. 考查
12、冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去 25 年里增长了近 125%,而大米只增长了 7%。故是特指在过去的 25 年里。故填 the。67. 考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的 30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填 global。68. 考查谓语动词。句意:在 2005 年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是 when 引.导的定语从句,由于时间是 2005 年,故用过去时。故填 started。69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知,该空缺少主语,指代program 并且引导后面的句子。指物用 that/which
13、,故填 that 或者 which。70. 考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while 后面省略掉了 China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、 ,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有 be 动词时,那么可以把主语和 be 动词一块省略。故填 feeding。点睛:学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government sta
14、rted a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词 when 引导的定语从句,先行词是 2005,the government 是主语,a soil-testing program 是宾语,故此空缺少谓语动词,我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代 program 引导的定语从句,先行词是program
15、,gives 是第三人称谓语动词,可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语,关系词要用 that/which。【2018 全国 III】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-fac
16、e with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the_63_(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look)
17、directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the
18、gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. .True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!“ Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and wa
19、tch.【答案】61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged 66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此惊恐的经历。61. 考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用 which 表示“哪一个 ”66. 考查名词。根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。67. 考查动词短语搭配。search for 是固定搭配,表示“寻
20、找 ”,表示“我” 在寻找“我” 研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。68. 考查代词。此处做 find 的宾语,所以用宾格 them。69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语,再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时,所以用 meant。70. 考查非谓语动词。固定短语 allow sb to do 允许某人做某事,应该用 to stay。【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多,其中第 2,4,7,10 都为固定搭配,对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句,对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句,宾语从句中缺主语,所以应.该从连接代
21、词 who,whom ,what,which,whose,再根据指人做主语可判断用 which。【2018 浙江】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once th
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