2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练(11)(含解析).doc
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1、120192019 版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练(版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练(1111)李仕才AIts generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
2、Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess
3、what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular type
4、s of character we infer characters that werent there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should
5、not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice: “We
6、are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.“1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to .A. determine ones behaviorB. reflect ones tasteC. influence ones surroundingsD. result from ones habits2.Which of the following would Daryl
7、Bem most probably agree with?A. The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.2C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A. We f
8、ail to realize our inner dispositions.B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. Personalities and attitudes.B. Preferences and habits.C. B
9、ehavior and personalities.D. Attitudes and preferences.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。观其行知其人,那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢?1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为。故选 A。3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。画线部分实际上是一个例子,例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案。我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。故选 B。4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系,所以选择 C 项。B(2015郑州质量检测三)You may have heard
10、of the American Dream,an ideal that has powered the hopes of Americans for generations.It began as a belief that the US was a land of opportunity,and that anyone could achieve success through hard work.At times,the dream has referred to home ownership,a good job,retirement security or each generatio
11、n doing better than 3the last.Yet today,this concept seems to have greatly changed.As Time magazine pointed out,quite different from the older generation,many Millennials (the generation born after 1980) redefine (重新定义) the American Dream as “daytoday control of your life” They “prize job mobility,f
12、lexible schedules,any work that is more interesting than typing,and the ability to travel” ,said the magazine.Home ownership,once the cornerstone of the American Dream,is becoming a smaller priority for this generation.Meanwhile,nearly 40% of them choose travel as part of their dream.And entrepreneu
13、rship (创业) is a rising favorite,as nearly 26% of Millennials consider selfemployment as part of their dream.So what has led to this huge change?Many point fingers at the poor economy.“Modern young Americans seem bound to face a world stamped by ever narrowing opportunity and social stagnation(停滞), ”
14、noted The Daily Beast.“The rate of Millennials out of school and out of work is unusually high at 15%.Many college graduates have taken jobs that dont require a degree, ”Time reported.The magazine worries that these difficulties may lead to a lost generation who are “unable to ever truly find their
15、feet on the corporations ladder” Dan Kadlec,a reporter of Time,sees Millennials as resetting their expectations.“This situation is different for young adults today, ”he wrote.“A 4true American dream has to feel attainable,and many Millennials are feeling they can only attain a daytoday lifestyle tha
16、t suits them.”1The underlined word “cornerstone” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “_” Agrowth BbalanceCbasis Dpurpose2What has changed Millennials views of the American Dream according to the passage?AA lack of confidence in themselves.BFierce competition in the job market.CTheir dissatisfact
17、ion with the government.DThe discouraging economy and unemployment.3Dan Kadlec thinks Millennials new definition of the American Dream is _Abeautiful BunderstandableCworrying Dpositive4What can be the best title for this passage?ARedefinition of American DreamBMeaning of American DreamCValue of Achi
18、eving American DreamDHistory of Changing American Dream【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了 80 后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。51解析:选 C。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“At times,the dream has referred to home ownership,a good job,retirement security or each generation doing better than the last.”可知,最初的美国梦指的是房屋所有权、一份好的工作、退休保障或每一代比上一代做得好
19、。根据第四段第一句“Home ownership,once the cornerstone of the American Dream,is becoming a smaller priority for this generation.”可知,房屋所有权曾经是美国梦的基石,而对于这一代来说,却不那么重要了,由此可推知,画线词意为“基础” 。故选 C。2解析:选 D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Many point fingers at the poor economy.”和第七段第一句“The rate of Millennials out of school and out of wor
20、k is unusually high at 15%.”可知,经济低迷和高失业率导致 80 后的美国人对美国梦的认识发生了巨大变化。故选 D。3解析:选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“A true American dream has to feel attainable,and many Millennials are feeling they can only attain a daytoday lifestyle that suits them.”可知,真实的美国梦必须让人觉得可以实现,而许多 80 后的美国人觉得他们只能实现适合他们的日常生活方式;由此可推知,Dan Kadle
21、c认为年轻人对美国梦的定义更符合社会现状,更容易实现,更符合情理。B 项意为“合情理的,正常的” 。故选 B。4解析:选 A。标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了 80 后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。A 项意为“美国梦的重新定义” ,符合本文大意,适合作标题。故选 A。C Chelyabinsk,RussiaA meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2013,raining fireballs over a vast area a
22、nd causing a shock wave that smashed windows,damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion,saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave,according to a 6Reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500 km east of Moscow.The fir
23、eball,travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos,had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon,leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.Car alarms went off,thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a s
24、hort time.The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion,a very rare spectacle,also released a great explosive sound.“I was driving to work.It was quite dark,but it suddenly became bright as if it were day, ” said Viktor Prokofiev,36,a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.“I felt lik
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