2016年12月大学英语四级真命题及其答案第一套.doc
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1、2016 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第 1 套)PartPart WritingWriting (30(30 minutes)minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own. You are to make a decision. W
2、rite an essay to explain the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. PartPart ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehension (40(40 minutes)minutes) SectionSection A A Directions:Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are req
3、uired to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single
4、line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once. QuestionsQuestions 2626 toto 3535 areare basedbased onon thethe followingfollowing passage.passage.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense.But when it comes to one o
5、f the cruelest crimes-animal fighting- things26 work out that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and “sport,“ yet their criminal abusers oftenreceive a28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animalfighters only get probation (缓刑). Some p
6、rogress has been made in the prosecution (起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they29 penalties, and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31 these sentencing gu
7、idelines, is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a step in the right32, but wed like to see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines. Along with this effort, were working with animal advocates and state and fede
8、ral lawmakers to33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from gettinginv
9、olved in cruelty cases in the first place. A. convenient B. createsC. critically D. determine E. direction F. hesitate G. inadequate H. inspired I. method J. minimal K. rarely L. shelters M. strengthen N. sufferings O. tortured SectionSection B B Directions:Directions: In this section, you are going
10、 to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thec
11、orresponding letter on AnswerAnswer SheetSheet 2.2. WhenWhen WorkWork BecomesBecomes a a GameGame A) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few. B) Increasingly, companies
12、 are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be knownas “gamification“ : essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understandingwhat it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience ingames, and taking those learnings an
13、d applying them to other contexts such as the workplace andeducation,“ explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and off
14、ering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could alsomean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to LOralto IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirwo
15、rkplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that theglobal gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020. D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachershave long looked for f
16、un ways to engage peoples reward- seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jackshas been “gamifying“ its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory and written the
17、 number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one. E) But the word “gamification“ and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part
18、 to video games, the generation nowentering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “We are at apoint where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video
19、games too,“ Werbachsays. F) A number of companies have sprung up-GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few-in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effectiveturn employees ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What
20、 makes a gamegame-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,“ Werbach says. “The principle isabout understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understandingof psychology. “ G) Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.Sales people often
21、 fall into thiscategory. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winningat all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One companyWerb
22、ach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employees morale(士气). When employees log in to their computers, theyre shown a picture of one of theircoworkers and asked to guess that persons name. H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company
23、 that gamifies employeetrainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed agamification strategy for a saies training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed“storm chaser teams“ and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn variousre
24、wards. “Rewards do not have to be stuff,“ Cornetti says. “Rewards can be flexible workinghours. “ Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfstheme. “Snow White“ is available for everyone to use, but the “dwarfs“ are still under copyright,so Cornetti invented s
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