非谓语动词固定搭配中考大全.docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上基本概念 一、非谓语动词非谓语动词固定搭配中考大全专心-专注-专业非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的 ing: doing3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的 ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式一般式主动 to do完成式to have done进行式to be doing被动 to be dongto have been doneing 形式主动 doinghaving done被动 being donehaving been done过去分词被动 done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后 还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing。对比学习 一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词 ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如： is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk b. 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. Its important for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help us.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 a、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如： My job is teaching / to teach English.Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. b、分词作表语一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词 表示主语的状态。The movie is exciting.We are excited at the news.c、在 seem / appear (似乎，好像)，prove / turn out (被证明是)，remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词 后，可用不定式作表语。 He seemed (to be ) very happy.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoy it.二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词：a.（想要）want, would like, would prefer, ask, demand, intend, desire, b.（希望）wish, hope, expect,c.（决定）agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up ones mind, try ones best, offer, apply,d.happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford 2、只能接动名词的动词：suggest, advise(建议), finish, mind(介意)，enjoy (喜欢)，appreciate (鉴赏，感激)，forbid(禁止)， avoid (避免)，cant help doing (忍不住)，risk (冒险)，feel like (想要)，delay, put off (推迟)， give up (放弃)，be busy (忙于)，be worth (值得)，practise (反复练习)3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remember to do 记得去做remember doing 记得做过forget to do 忘记去做forget doing 忘记做过了regret to do 遗憾去做regret doing 后悔做过try to do 设法去做try doing 试着做go on to do 接着做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事,mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味着做stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做cant help (to) do 不能帮助做cant help doing 忍不住做。 练一练：In some parts of London, missing a bus meansfor another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting 4、表示未实现的愿望的动词, 即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做这些动词 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。Would like / love 只用 would like to have doneI would loveto the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone 5、要接动名词的几个句型prevent / stop / keepsb. / sth from doing (阻止做)spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在花费或浪费时间或钱how about / what about doinghave some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做 有困难 have a hard / good time in doing 做 很艰难或做很愉快 There is no sense / point in doing6、含介词 to 的短语look forward to 盼望，devoteto 致力于、献身于，be / get used to 习惯于， lead to 导致，get down to 着手做，pay attention to 注意，refer to 谈到，所指，参考，equal to 等于，能胜任，belong to 属于 练一练：Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had tosome school for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up 7、介词 but （除了）后接不定式：have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择 只好做 但当 but 前有形为动词 do 时，but 后的不定式省 to.练一练：Sandy could do nothing butto his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit8permit / allow (允许)，advise (建议)，forbid (禁止)，有两种用法： 一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb. + to do sth”9、need, want, require 意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型：need, want, require + doing用动词 ing 主动形式表被动意义 三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1、不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb to do sth (sb 作宾语，to do sth 作宾补，宾语宾补复合宾语) 类似动词有：invite, tell, want, encourage, advise, order, requir, foce, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid（禁止）, warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on (号召)，depend on (指望)，would like / love (想要)，prefer, wish, expect, (hope 不带复合宾语) 注：help sb (to) do sth.2、使役动词后接不带 to 的不定式let / make / have sb do sth.但使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, notice句型：感官动词sb + do / doing / done(分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成)1) They knew her very well. They had seen herup from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow2) The missing boy was last seennear the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play4、with 的复合结构：with +宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是：形容词、副词（in, out）,介词短语，非谓 语形式）。With 的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式 to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done 表 示被动和完成。The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied 5、have 句型：have sb do sth, have sb/ sth doing, havesb /sth donehave sth done 表示两种意义：请别人做，而不是主语做；意外事故引起的。He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch.A. to repairB. repairedC. repairingD. repair6、find + 宾语 + 宾补（doing / done）, keep +宾+doing, catch sb + doing (撞见某人在做)， smell sb+doing (察觉到某人在做)He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the pocket of a passager.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting7、表示“认为”的 think, believe, consider, judge 等，常用句型：think sb (to be )+ adj. / n. , be considered to have done sth. 被认为已做了某事8、make oneself understood / heard / known , 即用了过去分词作作宾补9、句型 It is said / reported / thought / known that. sb / sth be said / reported to have done sth.Robert is saidabroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying四、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语 a.作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do,so as to dob.原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. c. 结果：常用 only to do来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。 另外 固定结构：too to do, enough to do, so / such as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语 d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, onc（e一旦）though, although）练一练： time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given五、三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较1、不定式作定语 常表示“用要做”和“修饰 the +序数词”。常用句型： have / there be / with +宾语+ to do2、分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在后面。（1）They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. (过去分词表被动和完成)（2）I want to write about people addicted to drugs.a sleeping boy (=); a swimming pool (=)falling leaves (=); fallen leaves (=) 3、to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别六、几个特殊句式1)Why not do sth?=Why dont you do sth? 2)had better (not) do sth. 最好做3)would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿做 4)woud do rather than do would rather do than doprefer to do . rather than doprefer doing to doing 宁愿做. 而不愿做 七、疑问词不定式 结构1)what / which to do (what / which 作 do 的逻辑宾语，what 意为“什么”，which “表示选择” 2)when / where / how to do sth.3) whether to do sth. (不用 if)4) why (not) do sth. (why 后省去 to) “疑问词不定式”在句中作主语或宾语 八、特殊的独立结构 1）现在分词的独立结构judging from / by, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的独立结构to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)动词原形： Believe it or not (信不信由你)4)作连词的分词 considering （考虑到，就而言），providing / provided 假如， supposing 假如这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接 that 从句。 九、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。十、我的重要笔记1stop to do sth. 和 stop doing sth. “stop to do sth.” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth.”所表示的事情，可以将“to do sth.”理解成 “stop”的目的状语；“stop doing sth.”表示不做“doing sth.”所表示的事情。例如：“Stop talking. Lets begin our class.” said the teacher. 老师说：“别说话了，让我们开始上课。”We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Lets stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长 时间了，让我们停下来听听音乐。2forget to do sth.和 forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和 remember doing sth.)“forget to do sth.”表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；“forget doing sth.”表示忘记过去 应该做的事情。例如：“Dont forget to do your homework.” said the teacher before the class was over. 老师在下课前 说：“不要忘记做家庭作业。”“Im sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming.李 明说：“对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？”3have sth. done.（过去分词）（让别人）做某事例如：I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了，我必须让人修好它。4感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式或者现在分词的区别例如：see sb. do sth.看见某人（经常）做某事 和 see sb. doing sth.看见某人（正在）做某事 I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候，我看见 他正在那里画画。5在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch 等)和使役动词(make, have, let 等)要求接不带 to 的 不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上 to。例如：The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day. The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。6常用的几个和不定式有关的句型：Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事？It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。It is/was +形容词+(for sb.) +to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样。7介词后面一般接动名词。要特别注意介词 to 和不定式符号 to 的区别prefer doing sth. to doing sth.喜欢做不喜欢做 look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事make a contribution to doing sth. 为做出贡献 8现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 A现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思，如：a developing country 发展中国家a developed country 发达国家boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为 100)boiled water 开水（已经烧开的水，水温 可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开）a boy named Jim 一个叫 Jim 的男孩 B有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing 形式往 往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed 形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。常见固定表达和 to do 连用的固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事 can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 can't afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 do/try one's best to do sth.尽全力做某事do nothing to do sth.对无能为力deserve to do sth.值得干某事 形容词/副词+enough to do sth.足以做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 find + it + 形容词 +to do sth.发现做某事get ready to do sth.准备做某事go on to do sth.继续做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事improve sth. to do sth.改善/提高某物来干某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人干某事It's better to do sth.干某事比较好It's time to do sth.到该做某事的时间了。like to do sth.喜欢做某事like sb. to do sth.喜欢某人做某事love to do sth.爱做某事learn to do sth.学会做某事make one's mind to do sth.下决心做某事make a list of five ways to do sth.列出干某事的五种方式的清单need to do sth.需要做某事plan to do sth.计划干某事prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth. 喜欢不喜欢refuse to do sth.拒绝干某事remember to do 记得要去做某事The best time to do sth. is干某事的最佳时间是stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事start/begin to do sth.开始做某事seem to do sth.似乎要做某事set one's mind to do sth.一心要做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事tooto do sth.太以致于不能try to do sth. 努力/试着去做think it necessary for sb. to do sth.认为某人有必要干某事There's no time to do sth.没时间做某事teach sb. (how) to do sth.教某人干某事used to do sth.过去常常干某事wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事would love to do sth.很愿意做某事would like (sb.) to do sth.想让某人做某事want to do sth.想做某事和 doing 连用的固定搭配watch sb. doing sth.观看某人正在做stop doing sth.停止做某事 remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事try doing sth.努力/试着去做 like doing sth.喜欢做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事go on doing sth.继续做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事be worth doing sth.某事值得一做carry on doing sth.继续做某事couldn't help doing sth.忍不住做某事finish doing sth.完成某事feel like doing sth.想做某事go hiking远足give up doing sth.放弃做某事have fun doing sth.感到做某事很有乐趣 have problems doing sth.做某事遇到了很多问题hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 hate doing sth.不喜欢做某事It is +形容词 +doing sth.做某事 keep on doing sth. /keep doing sth.持续做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事make it possible by doing sth.使做某事成为可能prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人干某事 practise doing sth.练习做某事see sb. doing sth.看 见某人正 在 干某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿做 也不做 喜欢做不喜欢做stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人干某事There be sb./sth. doing sth. 某地有某人或某物正在做某事Thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做了某事take an active part in doing sth.积极参加做某事use sth. for doing sth.用某物做某事(be used to do sth.)What about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？without doing sth.没有干某事work all night doing sth.工作整晚做某事和 do 连用的固定搭配hear sb. do sth.听见某人做过做某事 (sb. be heard to do sth.)watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了 feel sb. do sth.感觉某人做了某事have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事 had better + (not) do sth.最好做（不做）某事let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 (sb. be made to do sth.)Why not do sth?为何不做某事?练一练ask sb. to do sth.be pleased /be glad to do sth.can't wait to do sth.can't afford to do sth. decide to do sth.do/try one's best to do sth.do nothing to do sth.deserve to do sth. 形容词/副词+enough to do sth.encourage sb. to do sth.find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. get ready to do sth.go on to do sth.hope to do sth.improve sth. to do sth.invite sb. to do sth. It's better to do sth.It's time to do sth.like to do sth.like sb. to do sth. love to do sth.learn to do sth.make one's mind to do sth.make a list of five ways to do sth. need to do sth.plan to do sth.prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth.refuse to do sth. remember to doThe best time to do sth. isstop to do sth.start/begin to do sth. seem to do sth.set one's mind to do sth.tell sb. to do sth.tooto do sth.try to do sth.think it necessary for sb. to do sth.There's no time to do sth.teach sb. (how) to do sth.used to do sth.wish sb. to do sth.would love to do sth.would like (sb.) to do sth. want to do sth.和 doing 连用的固定搭配watch sb. doing sth.stop doing sth.remember doing sth.try doing sth.like doing sth.forget doing sth.go on doing sth.be busy doing sth. be worth doing sth.carry on doing sth.couldn't help doing sth.enjoy doing sth. feel sb. doing sth.finish doing sth.feel like doing sth.go hikinggive up doing sth.have fun doing sth.have problems doing sth.hear sb. doing sth. hate doing sth.It is +形容词 +doing sth.keep on doing sth. /keep doing sth.mind doing sth. make it possible by doing sth.prevent sb. from doing sth.practise doing sth.see sb. doing sth.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.stop sb.from doing sth.There be sb./sth. doing sth. Thank sb. for doing sth.take an active part in doing sth.use sth. for doing sth. (be used to do sth.)What about doing sth.? without doing sth.work all night doing sth.和 do 连用的固定搭配hear sb. do sth.(sb. be heard to do sth.)watch sb. do sth.feel sb. do sth.have sb. do sth.had better + (not) do sth.let sb. do sth.make sb. do sth.(sb. be made to do sth.)Why not do sth?单项选择1Why not_your teacher for help when you cant finishit by yourself?A. ask, writeB. to ask, writingC. ask, writingD. asking, write2Hi, Tom! Can you tell me whenfor London?Yes, tomorrow afternoon.A. leavingB. leavesC. to leaveD. are you leaving3 May I listen to the music here, Mr. White?Sorry, youd betterit like that.A. not to doB. not doC. d