高考英语单选系列讲座ppt.ppt

英语高考解题指导 （浙江试卷2006-2010年单项选择）一,宁波四中：武敏,讲座的目的让同学们了解高考单项选择的考点分布和重点考查范围。通过对五年高考试题的分析，帮助同学们归纳和总结重要的考点和难点。帮助同学们了解和掌握解题技巧，有目的地学习和应试，跳出题海，达到事半功倍的目的。,课时安排：,第一课时： 高考试卷的结构与特点；冠词、代词、名词、形容词、副词、介词及固定习语 。第二课时： 动词与动词词组；动词的时态和语态；情态动词；非谓语动词第三课时： 名词性从句；定语从句；状语从句；倒装；情景交际）,一、高考试卷的结构与特点,1、浙江高考试题结构-笔试部分,2、20072009浙江省高考英语试卷难度系数,3、2006-2010年浙江省高考英语试卷 单项选择所考语法点分布,4、高考单选试题特点：,1、近六年单项填空试题难度基本持平：2、覆盖面广，重点突出，主次分明，常用的重点语法考查得多，注重考查考生的实际应用能力。即在特定的语境中考查语法、词法、句法知识的灵活运用。3、突出了语言的交际功能。考查了具体语境中运用语言知识的能力。4、突出了对动词的考查，着重考查动词的词义辨析、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词、时态及语态。,5、单选试题解题方法与技巧解题原则：逻辑意思语法结构固定搭配（三合一）。细心审题，看清题干和四个选项，在充分理解题干的基础上答题。切忌草率选择，否则可能掉入陷阱。解析题干，努力发现所考查的知识点并揣摩命题者的意图。要注意题干所提供的特定语境的作用。确定为答案的选项必须在意义上和语法上都能成立。对于考查词汇辨析、短语的题目要同时注意句子的意义和结构搭配。在做交际用语的题目时，逐一排除母语的干扰。,6、高考说明： ：语法项目表（1）,1名词；2代词；3数词；4介词和介词短语；5连词；6形容词（比较级和最高级）；7副词（比较级和最高级）8冠词；9动词（1）动词的基本形式；（2）系动词；（3）及物动词和不及物动词；（4）助动词；（5）情态动词）,高考说明：语法项目表（2）,10时态：（7）和（10）是2009年新增的（1）一般现在时；（2）一般过去时；（3）一般将来时；（4）现在进行时；（5）过去进行时；（6）过去将来时；（7）将来进行时；（8）现在完成时；（9）过去完成时；（10）现在完成进行时 11被动语态；12非谓语动词；13构词法（1）合成法、（2）派生法、 （3）转化法、（4）缩写和简写）,高考说明：语法项目表（3）,14句子种类：（1）陈述句；（2）疑问句；（3）祈使句；（4）感叹句；15句子成分：（1）主语；（2）谓语；（3）表语；（4）宾语；（5）定语；（6）状语；（7）补语16简单句的基本句型；17主谓一致；18并列复合句19主从复合句：（1）宾语从句；（2）状语从句；（3）定语从句；4）主语从句；（5）表语从句 （同位语从句未列入，但是2009年12小题考点是同位语从句。）20间接引语21省略22倒装23强调（2009年列入考试范围）24虚拟语气（ 2009年列入考试范围）,6、备考建议： 夯实语言基础，重视知识点归纳和辨析，如：动词make、get、set的固定搭配；各种从句之间、各种时态之间的比较；代词that, one，it用法比较等。不要在英语语法学习上“钻牛角尖”。 考试题目千变万化，但万变不离其宗，常考的知识毕竟有限，因此复习的重点应放在常考、易混、难记的知识点上。单项填空主要考查三个方面： 1、英语语法知识； 2、对近义词或习惯用语的辨析； 3、日常交际用语。,二、高考试题分析与归纳,考点一: 冠词,冠词的考点分布,冠词（2010)2Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _weakening of the human body. Aa; / B/; the Ca; the D/; /,解析： 句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。 固定词组：do harm to 对有害。weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词，表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。答案：B,冠词(2009) 2I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填D. a; the解析：句意：我不明白那个工程师的意思，但我已经大致了解了这个项目计划。 have a rough idea of 固定短语“大致了解”。 本句plan 是特指。答案：D,冠词(2008) 2. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _head.An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填解析：第一个空是泛指。第二个空是固定句式：“动词+sb+介词+ the +身体某一个部位”，答案是：Atake sb.by the armhit sb. on the nosebe red in the facebe blind in the eye,冠词（2007）4I like _color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse.Aa； the Ba； a Cthe； a Dthe； the,解析：第一个空是特指； 第二个空是固定搭配。 a good match 非常相配 答案是C。,冠词（2006）3. Dont worry if you cant come to _ party. - Ill save _cake for you. A. the ; some B. a ; much C. the ; any D. a ; little解析： 第一个空：聚会是特指，双方都知道的事情。 第二个空：根据排除法B、D错误；C项常用语否定句和疑问句。答案：A,冠词的命题趋势：1、冠词的基本用法仍是考查的重点。2、把不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词结合起来考。3、关注不定冠词的泛指用法和定冠词的特指用法。4、关注固定短语、特殊句型在冠词中的活用。,考点二：代词,考点二： 代词的的命题趋势在整体把握各类代词（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词的基础上，应重点掌握不定代词和替代词（it；one； that; ones; those)的用法和区别。It表时间、天气、距离等，习惯句型及it作形式主语和形式宾语。,2、浙江高考代词的考点分布,代词(2006)14. If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take _? I wont read them this week. A. all B. any C. either D. both解析：题干中two books 为解题关键。A和B指三者或三者以上。答案：D,代词(2010)14 thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. AOne BAll CEverything DAnything解析：根据语境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。 答案：B,代词(2008)9. Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left.some B. none C. a little D. few答案：B解析： none 相当于no+前面提到的名词,强调句型(2007)10It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.Awas until； when Bwas until； that Cwasnt until；when Dwasnt until； that解析：句意：知道我们一起呆了几个星期以后，我才发现我们有许多共同之处。答案：D句型：It was not until + that +主语+动词过去式+ . 强凋 “直到才” He didnt go home until he finished his work.变为强调句型： It was not until he finished his work that he went home.,代词(2007)16- He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. - When was _? - _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. Athat；This Bthis；It CIt ； This Dthat；It答案：D解析：句意：-他的第一本书出版了，很畅销。-是什么时候的事？-是在2000年，当时他还在上大学。 that指上文提到的事。 第二个空是强调句型，省略了that he got his first book published,强调句型(2009)4Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A.this B. thatC. thereD. it解析：句意：-这周我又看了一本书。-嘿，也许重要的不是你看了多少，而是看了什么。 考查强调句型：It is/was +被强调部分+that从句。 答案：D,1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.2. it指代时间,季节,距离.3. it作形式宾语, 4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语的句型。5. It iswas that.的强调句型.,温馨提示：关注it的用法,1.注意下列几种表示时间的句型 .It is time ( about time ,high time ) that . Its high time that we left.It is the first ( second . ) time that . Its the first time that I have been praised.It is . since . Its three years since they got married.It will be / was . before .过才 It will be two years before we meet again. It wont be wasnt before没过就 It wont be long before we meet again.,2.it 作形式宾语： We think it important to learn a foreign language.常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；句型：主语+动词+it +n/adj.+to do sth/ that-clauseI think it our duty to protect our environment.I feel it important to take part in social activities.,3.形式主语：常见句型句型1：It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural, easy ,safe ,common , hard ,difficult ,dangerous , unusual, impossible , It is important for us to protect our environment.句型2：It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.常见的形容词有： brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish ,kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is very kind of you to help me.,句型3. It takes sb. . to do sth. “做要花某人” It took me ages to repair my computer.句型4. It is no good (use ) doing sth. Its no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收 句型5. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 不论（是否）没关系 It doesnt matter whether he is for my plan or not.句型6.It remains to be seen whether “能否有待观察、证实”It remains to be seen whether he will adapt to the new environment.,句型7. It happens (seems, appears ) that.碰巧（看起来）It so happened that I had seen this problem in some book.句型8.It is said (reported, learned.) that .  “据说”（据报道，据悉） It is said that he has gone to New York to attend a medical meeting. 句型9. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .很遗憾It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score.,句型10.It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去It is important that she (should ) come to the party句型11. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that . that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省常译为据建议；有命令） 句型12. It is up to sb. to do sth. “该由某人做” It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。,4. 强调句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that who+其他成分.It was in the library that I met him yesterday.Is/was+ it + 被强调部分 + that who+其他成分. Was it in the library that you met him yesterday?疑问词+is/was + 被强调部分 + that who+其他成分. Where was it that you met him yesterday.It was not until + that +主语+动词过去式+ . 强凋“直到才”It was not until he finished his work that he went home.,巩固练习强调句型,1. It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty Auntil BthatCthenDSo2._computers play such an important part in our daily life?AWhy it is that BWhy is it thatCWhy was it that DWhy is it,B,B,考点 三：形容词和副词,浙江高考形容词和副词考点分布,考点三：形容词和副词命题趋势：1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型2、形容词的倍数表达法 3、形容词、副词辨析4、根据语境意义确定形容词和副词,形容词和副词（2010）6I have been convinced that the print media are usually more and more reliable than television. Aaccurate Bridiculous CurgentDshallow 解析：本题考查形容词辨析。句意：我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。 accurate 精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的； urgent紧急的； shallow浅的，肤浅的。答案：A,形容词和副词（2010）11Do you think shopping online will _take the place of shopping in stores? Aespecially BFrequently CMerely DFinally解析：本题考查副词辨析。句意：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？especially 特别，尤其；frequently 经常； merely仅仅； finally最终。 答案：D,形容词和副词、（2010）19. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, _?though B. also C. either D. too解析：本题考查副词辨析。 句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然而（可是）会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系，所以选择though。though adv.=inspite of this, however 可是、虽然如此、然而、但是 He promised to phone,I heard nothing ,though.他答应来电话，可我没听到回信。,形容词和副词、（2009） 5The incomes of skilled workers went up. _, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise句意：有经验的工人的工资在上涨，但同时没有经验的工人却看着他们的工资下降。（根据句意是指有经验的工人和没经验的工人工资涨落情况的对比.) moreover而且 ； therefore因此/所以 ； meanwhile 同时； otherwise不同地 / 在其他方面答案： C,形容词和副词（2009） 15John is very _. if he promises to do something hell do it. A. independent B. confident C. reliable D. flexible解析：independent 独立的 ； confident 自信的 ； reliable可靠的； flexible有弹性的、 灵活的答案：C,形容词和副词（2009）19In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _recovering from his heart operation. A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually解析：句意：在护士的精心护理下，小男孩逐渐从心脏手术中恢复过来。 quietly轻轻地 actually事实上 practically实际上、事实上 gradually逐渐地 答案：D,形容词和副词（2008） 3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_.as much B. as many C. so much D. so many答案： A.解析：考查倍数句型。补全句子是：but it costs almost three times as much as that one.指钱用much。 常用的表示倍数的三个句型：(1).times as形容词原级as.This table is 3 times as big as that one.(2).times the性质名词of.（性质名词height高 length长 weight重 size大) This table is 3 times the size of that one.(3).times形容词比较级than. This table is 2 times bigger than that one.,形容词和副词（2008）12. There are plenty of jobs _in the western part of the country.present B. available C. precious D.convenient解析：句意：在那个国家西部地区有许多工作供你选择。 present现在的；出席的；在场的 available 可用的；可得到的；可达到的 precious 宝贵的；珍贵的 convenient 方便的；便利的答案：B,形容词和副词（2008） 18. Running a company is not _ a matter of hiring people they also need to be trained. A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally答案：A句意：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇用员工的问题-也需要培训员工。 simply 仅仅；简单地 partly 部分地；局部seriously 严肃地；认真地 equally 相等地,形容词和副词（2007） 6Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. Aeasily Bvery easy Cmore easily Deasier答案：C,形容词和副词（2006） 10. Letterboxes are much more _in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A.common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual答案：A 句意：与美国相比，英国的信箱更常见，在美国大多数人都有邮箱。 common“常见的”与rare“罕见的”相反； normal符合标准的 ；ordinary一般的 usual惯常的，平常的,形容词和副词（2006）12. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A.However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Besides句意：到目前为止，一切进展正常，因此，我们确信工程定会按时竣工。答案：C,形容词和副词（2006） 15. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out. A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many答案：C a number of 和a good many修饰可数名词 plenty of 修饰可数和不可数名词 too much 修饰不可数（意思是“太多的”）,巩固练习：1.After two years research，we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite 解析：far/much/even等副词常用来修饰比较级。 答案：B2.He began to take political science _only when he left school. A.strictly B.truly C.carefully D.seriously 解析：seriously认真地，严肃地。 答案：D,3.The final score of the basketball match was 93­94.We were only _ beaten. A.nearly B.slightly C.narrowly D.lightly解析：be narrowly beaten指比分靠近，(对方)险胜。 答案：C4.Its hard for him playing against me.Ive got nothing to play for，but for him，he needs to win so _.A.far B.well C.little D.badly 解析：badly在本句中意为“非常，很”。 答案：D,5.Though he started late，Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if _，Miss Liu. A.not better than B.not better C.no better than D.better 解析：句中完整结构为if he did not play better than.。 答案：A,6.Do you need any help，Lucy? Yes.The job is _ I could do myself. A.less than B.more than C.no more than D.not more than 解析：more than远远超过。 答案：B7.Were happy that our predictions should be so accurate，which is _ from expectation. A.away B.free C.far D.empty 解析：far from意为“远非、远远不够”。 答案：C,8.If youre free tonight，Id like to invite you to a movie. Thats nice of you，but are you _？ A.honest B.careful C.serious D.true 解析：serious指“严肃的”。 答案：C,9.Excited by the news，Marie lay in bed with her eyes _ open while all her family were _ asleep. A.widely；soundly B.wide；sound C.widely；sound D.wide；soundly 解析：wide open意为“大睁着”，wide为副词，sound作副词时，意为“深深地、舒畅地”。 答案：B,温馨提示：,1、从五年高考试题中可以看到形容词和副词的命题趋势仍集中在词义辨析上，在语境中选择适当的形容词或副词。2、比较级和最高级也是常有考查 。3、对形容词和副词考查不仅在单项选择上，完型填空对它们的考查也有增加的趋势。4、同学们在背单词时，应更多地关注名词、形容词、副词和动词，要特别关注2009以来新增的600个词汇。,考点 四：名词,浙江高考名词考点分布,考点四： 名词命题趋势 1、主要考查词义辨析。2、对固定搭配中名词的运用的考查。3、名词辨析的考查在完形填空题型中也有增长的趋势。,名词(2010)16. The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct _ . A. solution B. target C. measure D. function解析： 根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。 分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。答案：A,名词(2009)6The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passageC. way D. approach解析：句意:设计这个系统的目的是让学生迅速、方便地使用图书馆的数字资源。 access 有权使用；有机会接触 give access to给、机会、途径 passage通道；走廊； approach 方法；接近答案：A,名词(2008)15. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A. sense B. view C. means D. idea解析：句意：狗有很好的嗅觉，常常用于搜寻地震中的幸存者。 sense感官、感觉 view 观点、看法 idea 主意、想法 means 方法答案：A搭配：have a good sense of smell/hearingtastetouchsight很好的嗅觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、视觉,名词(2007)12Of the seven days in the a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries .Away Bsituation Cevent Dchoice解析：据说在某些国家，为举行婚礼而选择日期时，星期六是一周七天中最受欢迎的。way 方法；situation情况；event事件 ；choice选择答案：D,名词(2006)17. - If you like I can do some shopping for you. - Thats a very kind _. A. offerB. service C. pointD. suggestion解析：offer：an act of saying that you are willing to do sth for sb.主动提议、建议； service服务；point观点 suggestion建议答案： A巩固：Thank you for your kind offer of help. 谢谢你的好心帮助。,