2019北京卷试题解析.doc

2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷北京卷)英英 语语(考试时间:100 分钟 试卷满分:120 分)考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用(共两节，45 分)第一节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _1_(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously _2_ (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议 Be yourself 让他受益终身。【1 题详解】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧， “我将如何交朋友？”此处的 voice 是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去式。故填 voiced。【2 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是 I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 facing。【3 题详解】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是 I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填 myself。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Earth Day，_4_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated _5_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless.【答案】4. marked 5. in 6. activities【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。【4 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于 4 月 22 日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词 Earth Day 的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填 marked。【5 题详解】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在 1970 年。如今，这一天的活动遍及 190 多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词 in。故填 in。【6 题详解】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词 various 可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填 activities。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question _7_(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _10_(meaning)college experience.【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who/that 10. meaningful【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。【7 题详解】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。【8 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用 where。【9 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填 who 或 that。【10 题详解】考查形容词。这里与前面的 healthy 并列，修饰后面的名词 college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填 meaningful。第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been _11_ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started _12_ his car to the young people. Wilson has _13_ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous _14_ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's _15_ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students _16_ call him “Grandpa”.Tina Stern _17_ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free _18_. “It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in _19_ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually _20_ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll _21_ those things.“Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the _22_ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes _23_ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.Wilson is there to _24_ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never _25_ to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely _26_ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to _27_ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has _28_ them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the _29_. “I just love driving and I love these kids, “Wilson said. “It's such a(n) _30_ to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.“11. A. linkingB. sendingC. offeringD. distributing12. A. donatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. volunteering13. A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wandered14. A. argumentsB. interviewsC. negotiationsD. conversations15. A. metB. drivenC. addressedD. conversations16. A. evenB. everC. onceD. already17. A. earnedB. receivedC. assessedD. demanded18. A. transportationB. styleC. timeD. communication19. A. forcedB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. suspicious20. A. selectsB. recitesC. guessesD. remembers21. A. act onB. settle onC. check onD. agree on22. A. clubB. leagueC. collegeD. programme23. A. farB. aroundC. beyondD. forwards24. A. assistB. watchC. urgeD. warm25. A. expectsB. attemptsC. managesD. hesitates26. A. extraB. unusualC. necessaryD. adequate27. A. shareB. fuelC. repairD. exchange28. A. requiredB. allowedC. remindedD. convinced29. A. experienceB. arrangementC. appreciationD. employment30. A. effortB. ambitionC. privilegeD. convenience【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了 76 岁的 Paul Wilson 八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。【11 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. linking 连接；B. sending 寄送； C. offering 提供；D. distributing 分配。根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson 确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson 给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故 C 选项正确。【12 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. donating 捐献，捐赠；B. lending 借出；C. delivering 发表，投递；D. volunteering 自愿。根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson 是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故 D 选项正确。【13 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. paved 铺设，安排；B. covered 行走，覆盖；C. measured 测量，判断；D. wandered 徘徊，漫步。Wilson 让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程 64,000 英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用 cover。故 B 选项正确。【14 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. arguments 争论；B. interviews 接见，采访；C. negotiations 谈判；D. conversations 谈话。 Wilson 在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈”，故 D 选项正确。【15 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. met 遇见；B. driven 驾车，开车；C. addressed 从事，忙于，写地址；D. greeted 问候，迎接。根据上文可知，Wilson 每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”， drive 意为“驾车送（人） ”。故 B 选项正确。【16 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. even 甚至；B. ever 永远，曾经；C. once 一次，曾经；D. already 已经。这些学生将 Wilson 当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故 A选项正确。【17 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. earned 获得；B. received 收到；C. assessed 评估；D. demanded 要求。根据后面的介词 from 可以推知，Tina Stern 从 Wilson 那儿获得免费的乘车机会。故 B 选项正确。【18 题详解】考查名词辨析。A .transportation 运输，运送；B. style 风格，类型；C. time 时间，次数；D. communication 交流。对 Tina Stern 来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation 意为“运送”。故 A 选项正确。【19 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. forced 强迫的；B. awkward 尴尬的，笨拙的；C. ridiculous 可笑的；D. suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的。Tina 说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。 ” 坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故 B 选项正确。【20 题详解】考查动词辨析。A .selects 选择；B. recites 背诵；C. guesses 猜测；D. remembers 记住，记得。每次坐车的时候，Wilson 会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故 D 选项正确。【21 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. act on 对起作用；B. settle on 定居，决定；C. check on 检查，核实；D. agree on 对取得一致意见。在坐车的时候，Wilson 会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候， Wilson 会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson 会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故 C 选项正确。【22 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. club 俱乐部；B. league 联盟，社团；C. college 大学；D. programme 项目，计划。Wilson 最初通过一个非盈利组织 On Point for College 的一个项目作了一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。根据上句中的“student-support programme”可知，D 选项正确。【23 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. far 远地；B. around 到处；C. beyond 更远处，超过；D. forwards 向前。结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to _ them. If they run out ofIf a student gets hungry”可知，Wilson 的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故 C选项正确。【24 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. assist 帮助；B. watch 观看；C. urge 强烈要求；D. warm 使温暖。如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson 会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题） 。故 A 选项正确。【25 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. expects 期望；B. attempts 试图；C. manages 经营，设法；D. hesitates 犹豫。从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是 Wilson 对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson 都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故 D选项正确。【26 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. extra 额外的；B. unusual 不寻常的；C. necessary 必需的；D. adequate充足的，适当的。根据下文中“Some students dont have a reliable car, while others.For them, riding with Wilson has _ them to complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐 Wilson 的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。故 C 选项正确。【27 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. share 分享；B. fuel 加燃料；C. repair 修理；D. exchange 交换。有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用 share。故 A 选项正确。【28 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. required 需要；B. allowed 允许；C. reminded 提醒，使想起；D. convinced 说服，使信服。乘坐 Wilson 的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用 allow sb. to do sth.。故 B 选项正确。【29 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. experience 经历，经验；B. arrangement 安排；C. appreciation 欣赏，感激；D. employment 雇用，使用。Wilson 认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。A 选项正确。【30 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. effort 努力；B. ambition 雄心，志向；C. privilege 荣幸，特权，优待；D. convenience 方便，便利。Wilson 认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故 C 选项正确。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWant to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:ScheduleCountry4-week programmes7-week programmesAlgeria5 Jul.- 1Aug.20Jun. -7Aug.Egypt24 Jul-20 Aug.19Jun.-6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.-16Aug.18 Jun.-5 Aug.South Africa2Aug.-29 Aug.15 Jun.-2Aug.GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:www.glodeve.orgEmail:humanresourcesglodeve.org31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partnersB. To take in young volunteersC. To carry out programmesD. To foster cultural awareness32. The programme beginning in August will operate in .A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. South Afria33. The shared goal of GDAs projects to .A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in need【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D【解析】本文是一则广告。Global Development Association(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在这里能探索新的文化,结识新朋友,同时做一些值得的事。文章为 GDA 招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。【31 题详解】细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中 Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase .,or help to project.You might also design.可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选 C。【32 题详解】细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中 4-week programmes 中的最后一个 South Africa 2 Aug-29 Aug，可知八月在南非开始，答案选 D。【33 题详解】细节理解题。题干问 GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据第一段 you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.和倒数第二段中 All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities 可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选 D。BAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?“ With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?A. She argued with him.B. She tried to find a way out.C. She paid no attention.D. She chose to consult dentists.35.