现代大学英语精读1 第二版 第三单元课本学习知识翻译和课后规范标准答案.doc

-!土地的寓意皮拉萨哈姆是的，这些事我们家的稻田，以前归我父母，再往前属于我的祖先。这片土地已有三百多年的历史了。我是家里唯一的闺女，我一直留在我父母身边，知道他们去世。按照我们伊萨的习俗，我的三个兄弟已结婚就都搬到他们老婆家去了，我老伴进了我家的门。那是我十八岁，他十九岁。我们俩生了六个孩子，两个没长大就病死了。其余的俩儿子、俩闺女一到我们有钱给他们买牛仔裤的时候就都离开了家。大儿子在曼谷找了份工作，给一家有钱人当花匠，后来一家劳务公司介绍他都国外去干活了，小儿子也去了挺远的地方。我们的一个闺女在曼谷一家纺织厂里干活，另外一个闺女在一家商店里工作。有时候她们会回来看我们，呆上几天就走，她们不时寄些钱回来，捎话回来说她们挺好的。我知道她们说的不全是实话，有时候，她们受欺负、受侮辱，想到这些，我就觉得像一把尖刀扎进我的心头。对我老伴来说还好受些，他有耳朵么也听不见，有嘴么也不说，有眼睛么也看不见。他老是什么事都不着急，什么话也不说，只操心他自己的那点事。虽说这些孩子长期不在我身边，但他们永远都是我的孩子，他们一个个都走了，这可能就是命吧。我们的那块地不大，连年的使用已使它不再肥沃，就像我们老两口儿，慢慢老下去，且疲惫不堪。不过我和老伴还在这块地力里干活儿，雨量充足的时候，地还不难耕种，老天爷不下雨的年份，不光是我们的犁断了，我们的心也碎了。没，我们俩没怎么变，可我们的村子变了哪些地方变了？就在十年以前，我们还能以物换物，可如今都用钱了。几年前，我们还能请街坊来帮忙盖房子、收割稻子或是打井。这会儿，都得付钱，他们才肯帮忙。塑料玩意替代了村里手工做的东西，以前男人们还做点竹器，可如今没人干了。现在村里到处都是乱扔的塑料袋，一下子冒出来不少商店，里面放满了五颜六色的塑料玩意，还有些我们用不上的东西。年轻人都去镇上和城里打工，留下我们这些老年人种地。我知道年轻人跟我们老年人的想法不一样，他们说老年人思想落伍了。我这一辈子从来不用去理发店，也从来不涂嘴唇或是染指甲，我粗糙的手指和脚趾是用来在泥泞的稻田里干活，而不是用来摆着好看的。现在的年轻姑娘都穿牛仔裤，看上去跟小伙子似的，可她们觉得这很时髦，为了买一条牛仔裤，宁可卖掉一头猪或是一头水牛。年轻的时候，我要是穿上这种裤子，是会遭雷劈的。我知道，时代变了，可是有些事是不能改变的，我们应该每天给和尚施舍吃的，应该经常去庙里。可年轻人往往把这些事情都留给老人去做，太不像话了。噢，就在前几天我还听到一个半大小伙子冲他妈大声嚷嚷，我年轻的时候要是发生这种事，全村人都会谴责这么忘恩负义的儿子，他爹也会狠揍他一顿。至于我自己，我是不会变的，我想变也变不了。你问我是快乐还是不快乐？这个问题我从没想过。日子就这么一天天地过着。是啊，我这个穿破衣烂衫的一把骨头现在还从早到晚忙着插秧，割稻。疾病、伤痛、艰难困苦、缺衣少食是我的家常便饭，我谁也不埋怨。农夫：我老伴说的不对，我的眼睛能看-看到了太多本不该看到的事情；我的耳朵能听-听到了太多对我不好的事情；我知道的事我不去说三道四，因为我知道的事太多了。比方说我知道贪心、愤怒和欲望是所有邪恶的根源。对这块地、对我的生活状况，我听安心的，但是对于老伴我感到难过，这些年来她一直忍受我的沉默寡言，她从来都没对外人说过我。我是想身边能子孙成群，可是孩子们给吸引到城里和外国去了，看来他们谁也不会回来生活了，我死后这些稻田留给谁呢？三百多年来，这片土地一直是我们这个家族的，我对这片土地了如指掌。我的孩子都是在这块地上捉青蛙、逮螃蟹、采野花长大的，可这片土地既拴不住他们，也唤不回来他们，他们一有了牛仔裤，个个就像长了翅膀的鸟儿一样飞走了。幸好，我老伴还在我身边，我们两个人还都算健壮，受了伤，伤口过段时间就愈合了。疾病时不时光顾我们，过一阵病就好了。我反正是永远也不想离开土地，插秧的时候手指头插进水田里那感觉真是太好了，这时候再听我老伴轻声说: “老头子，如果我先死了，我就变成一片云，给你遮挡日头”，这滋味真是太美了。十一月的时候，闻一闻成熟了的稻子的香味真叫人舒坦。清凉的微风吹动着地里密密的稻禾，掀起了层层稻浪，像金色的波涛闪闪发光。是的，我热爱这片土地，我希望有一天我的几个孩子中能有一个回来过日子，给我生几个孙子孙女，这样我就可以把土地的寓意传递给他们了。Preview1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.CVocabulary13 1. 心中不高兴的纳税人2. 一个不平等的条约3. 不为人知的捣乱分子4. 不幸的结果5. 未曾预料到（出其不意）的访问6. 在可以预见的将来7. 一个令人难忘的人物8. 变化莫测 的天气9. 非饮用水10. 在可以付得起的价位上11. 难以描述的痛苦折磨12. 由于可以理解的原因13. 拓宽街道14. 加深湖泊15. 缩短文章16. 重组政府17. 重游故乡18. 更换旧机器41. represent, represented2. employer, unemployed, employees, reemployed3. well-informed, information4. informer, inform, authorities5. complaints, complain, unemployment6. insult7. insulting, insult8. representative9. be insulted21. mind2. plant/grow/harvest/reap3. dig/sink4. fish/birds/crabs/mice/a thief/a cold/the meaning/the disease5. till/improve/conserve6. plough7. the enemy/the killings8. attention/interest/criticism9. flowers/nuts/information/troops31. it was fate that2. it was/is his son who3. it was in the United States that i4. begging for food with a golden bowl5. trying to fly by lifting his hair6. leading the blind7. She used to be rather weak in English8. Ours used to be called a country of bicycles9. There used to be lots of fish, shrimps and crabs41. in, of, with, at, with, about/of, to, of, on, to2. of, for, from, till, on, after, against/from, in3. to, in, of, of, for, to, for, in, to4. down, over, with5. by, over6. along with, across7. around/round, away, with8. to, up, off, off, on51. Zhu Yingtai had to (was forced to) obey her father and marry the young master of the rich Ma family although she was extremely unwilling. She was heartbroken.2. The man had never seen such a large note. He said, “It looks good, feels good, and it is good!”3. Leaves had turned/got/gone/become yellow, red and purple. It really looked heavenly (beautiful like heaven).4. As she grew older, she began to feel tired easily.5. What he said sounded very convincing, but reasons that sound good do not always mean good sound reasons. There is a big difference between the two.6. He likes to talk. He can never keep quiet, and what he says often proves (turns out to be) incorrect.7. He got wounded in battle, lost a lot of blood, and became very weak. His leaders ordered him to stay in the hospital until he was completely recovered (healed).8. They thought they could slip through our fingers. They were wrong. They couldnt get away with what they had done.9. During the Long March, the Red Army had to get across the Dadu River, throught the grassland and over the snow-covered mountains10. Are you used to the life there? How do you get along with your classmates? Can you get by with the money we send you? (Is the money we send you enough for you?)61. 我的伤口包扎完不久烧就退了，但太阳穴处仍然感到隐隐作痛。医生告诉我在这周余下的几天内要多休息。2. 嗯，去年春天他们挖了三口井，但最后都枯了。很多人开始怀疑他们在这片沙漠里能否打出石油。3. 我觉得那条连衣裙的颜色有点太花哨。4. 我看到一条蛇躺在草地里，一动也不动。我以后它死了，没想到它会突然攻击我。5. 我不知道她多大年纪了，肯定又九十好几了吧，但她依然健硕。6. 就连寺庙里的和尚也对学生们的绝食抗议表示支持。7. 当她说到她妈妈曾经与她们几个成年姐妹共穿一件衣服时，我的泪水不禁涌上眼眶。8. 看看这拔地而起的座座新大楼，我相信这里的生活将会更加美好。9. 那群鹿正饮着泉水，全然不知附近的灌木丛里躲着一只老虎。它只要一扑，就能扑到一只小鹿身上。71. wished2. hoping3. hope, wish4. wished5. hope6. cant, can, wont7. should, would/could/might 8. happened/occurred, happen/occur9. occurred, taken place/happened/occurred10. happen, take placeGrammar1 1. If I hadnt worked hard, I wouldnt have done well in the College Entrance Exam.2. If the patient had been sent to hospital soon enough, he wouldnt have ides.3. If the firefighters hadnt arrived in time, the fire might have spread to other rooms.4. If the man had driven carefully, he wouldnt have caused two accidents.5. If he hadnt been aware of the danger, he wouldnt have run out of the house in time.6. If they had known Professor Ji was in town last week, they would have invited him to speak at the university. 7. I f we had left for the airport an hour earlier, we wouldnt have missed our flight.8. If there hadnt been a traffic jam, we would have arrived in time for the show.9. If we had known this world famous magician would meet his fans after the show, we would surely have stayed out.10. If we had stayed in Beijing longer, we could have visited the Birds Nest-the National Stadium.21. 黎明前往往是最黑暗的时刻2. 众所周知，尽管经济发展很快，中国仍然是个发展中国家。3. 她的父亲好像正处于中年危机之中，不少男人都有这样的经历4. 正如报上所宣布的那样，这次会议将于下月召开5. 他是个外国人，他的口音很清楚地表明这点6. 男孩对那个游戏很感兴趣，这点从他的面部表情能看出来31. trying2. enough3. brought4. without5. first6. simple7. any8. times9. in10. only41. If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train2. Your father would have forgiven you if you had told him the truth.3. If it hadnt snowed heavily, I would have taken you along to yesterdays party.4. If there had been more rain in spring, the harvest would have been much better.5. If they hadnt learned a lesson from their failure, they wouldnt have achieved so much.6. If my family hadnt supported me, I wouldnt have taken part in this contest.7. May people think that Chinas Great wall is one the seven wonders of the ancient world.8. As so often happens, misfortunes/troubles never come singly/alone.9. As is often the case with many first-year college students, Jim finds it hard to adapt to the life at college.10. As is reported, the president will visit five African countries next month.51. Supermarkets have sprung up everywhere in Beijing since the 1990s.2. The old lady finds the shop filled with goods she has no use for.3. If I had had time, I would have joined you for dinner yesterday.4. The old couple told me that they had nothing to complain about.5. My grandfather advised me to apply to Nanjing University for admission. (My grandfather suggested that I apply to Nanjing University for admission.)6. He went back to work as soon as he was back on his feet.7. He said he would pass on the message to all his friends.8. We might have finished our work by 5pm if the manager had not interfered.9. Any country will sooner or later fall behind if it fails to keep up with the times10. Maybe it is fate that brought my children back to our hometown.