初级中学英语时态讲解与练习进步.doc

*-初中英语时态讲解 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。一、 一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home .(二)构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。(三)句型 1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+谓语+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ?（三）用法 1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting .4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音乐。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is 一般现在时练习题1）用动词的适当形式填空1.I like _ (swim).2.He _(read) English every day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping.6.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_(make) a model plane.8.Do you _(like)_(run)?9.Does he_(like)_(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?11.The teachers_(like)_(dance).12.The teacher_(like)_(dance).13.The students_(speak) English in class.14.The student_(speak) Chinese after class.15. Lets_and play football . ( go )16. He_ like swimming . ( not )17. Im sorry _that . ( hear )18. Wang Bing is_ ( write ) an E-mail to his friend .19. He has_a headache . ( get )20. _you study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do )21. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )22. Im _ better . ( feel )23. Why_Tom absent today ? ( be )2）用所给的人称改写句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)6.We clean the classroom every day. (he)7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang)8.I draw a tree and some flowers. (Nancy)9.We go to bed at eight. ( my sister)10.I read newspapers in the evening. (Mr Green)3）写出下列动词的相应形式1. 第三人称单数： wash_ match _guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_2.写出下列动词的过去式：stop_ see_ drive _let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_3. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式： stay_ begin_ forget_ forget_ lie_ die _ run_ prefer_ give_ ring_ dance_ hope_II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：1I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London.2. He doeant feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning.3. He _ not _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest.4. I _(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _(finish) it.5. While we _(wait) for our teacher, a little boy _(run) up to us.6. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep). 7.Its seven now, Toms family_(watch) TV.8. It _(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.9. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) clothes.10. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday?11. What _(do) _ tomorrow? We _ (play) football.12. There _ (be) a football match on TV this evening.13. They said they _ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday.14. Who _ (dance) the best in your class? 15. Will you come if he _ (not come)?16. The teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun. 17She _ (buy) a sweater yesterday.18. They _ (have) a party in the garden if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.19. I dont know if Mr.Wang _ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (go), I _ (ask) him _ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _ (study) there.III单项选择：1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.dont rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain2. There _ an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be3. The picture _ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking4. She _ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay5. They _ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week.A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come7. Dont smoke until the plane _ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take8. I saw her _ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters9.the teacher asked us _ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes10. John is always _ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help11. He told us _ at eight. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked12. Youd better _ at home and _ your homework.A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do13. He sat down _ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. had14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine.A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make15. Jim decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England.A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave二、 一般过去时（一）结构 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行为动词didnt+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayedwentvisited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didnt，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式 1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主语+wasnt 或werent+其他。 主语+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday . I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？ Did +主语+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法 1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等连用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street . 3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）动词过去式的规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单, 主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。一般过去时练习题一、 写出下列动词的过去式1look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5.hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10. are 11. go 12. have 13. do 14. get 15.come 16. sayFill in the blanks. 1. _ she _(sing)a song last night?2. -Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答) -_, _ _nobody.3. -_(be) they at work this morning? -Yes. They _ (have)a meeting together.4. -_ Joe _ (do)well in the long-distance running? -Yes, he _.5. Where _ Tinas Family_(go)last Summer? -They _ (go)to New York for their vacation.二、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.11. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day.12. 12. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.13. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)14. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)15. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.16. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.17. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.18 We _ (go) to school on Sunday.19. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.20. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)22. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)23. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.24. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)25. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)26. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.27. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.28.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为wont 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。（三）用法 1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year）， this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by， soon 等连用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time . 2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .一般将来时练习题一、单项选择( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D.