2020年中考英语一轮复习练习：连词用法讲解.docx

中考英语连词用法讲解Step 1 language point1、连词的含义：连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。2、连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。（1）并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有：and（和），but（但是），or（或者，否则），nor（也不）， so（所以）， however（然而，无论如何），for（因为），still（可是），as well as（也），both.and.（和）， not only .but also.（不但而且）， either or（或或），neither nor（既不也不）等。（2）从属连接词用于引导从句，常见的从属连接词有：when（当时候），while（正当时候），after（在之后），before（在之前），since（自从），until（直到），although/though（虽然），if（假如），as（如一样；由于），as as（和一样），as far as（就而言），as long as（只要），as soon as（一就），even if（即使）， because（因为），unless （除非），than（比），whether （是否），in order that（为了），sothat（如此以致），so that（以便），now that（现在既然），by the time（到时候），every time（每当），as if（仿佛），no matter when（或whenever）（无论何时），no matter where（或wherever）（无论在哪里）等。从属连词可引导状语从句。辨析（1）because、as、since、for的用法：because（因为）表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系，从句一般放在主句后面；回答why的问句只能用because. as（因为）表示一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since（既然）表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for（因为）是并列连词，语气较弱，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill. As all of you have got here, now, lets go to the zoo. I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busyWe must be off now for the match starts at 7：00. （2）if、whether的区别：表示“是否”时，if和whether同义，引导宾语从句，另外，whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句（以及同位语从句）等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，（主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则）。如：I dont know if/whether he will arrive on time.我不知道他是不是会按时到。I will ring you up if he arrives on time.如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的。 注意下列情况只能用whether不能用if：引导主语从句，引导表语从句，引导从句作介词宾语，引导不定式短语，引导让步状语从句，在动词discuss之后，在wonder / not sure之后，在if与whether含义易混时。如：Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question. （引导主语从句） Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not. （作动词的宾语） Hainan is the place to be, whether its summer or winter. （引导让步状语从句）Please let me know whether you need my help. （引导宾语从句）（如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”）（3）while、when、as的用法区别：while常表示一个较长的动作，它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作，主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；as与上两词同义，可替换while和when， 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，常译为“一边一边”。如：Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. Ill go home when I have finished my job. They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly. （4）till/until与nottill/until的区别：前者表示一个延续性的动作，后者表示一个才开始的动作。如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return. （stay这个动作一直进行到你return） They wont go on working until they get what they think is reasonable. 另外till与until基本可以互换，但是在句首时只能用until，不能用till. 如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing. Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（倒装句）（5）though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”，均不可以与but同时使用，但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词，比较正式，一般可以换为though； though“虽然、尽管、即使”，还可以与even连用（=even if），表示“即使、纵然”，作副词时意思是“然而、不过”，不能放在句首。如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.she wont leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.（6）prefer torather than与preferto的区别：prefer torather than后面都是用动词原形，preferto都是用动名词或名词。如：I prefer English to Japanese. /I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. 定义：修饰谓语动词或某个句子的“词，短语，句子”；用来说明谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、目的、程度等。2、什么可以作状语：1)副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语） 2)介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 3)分词（短语）作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）4)不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 5)句子做状语：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.在他来中国之前，他已经掌握了一些中文。二、 状语从句的分类1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.PracticeI didnt know he came back I met him in the street. A. since B. when C. until D. after请填入适当的引导词I havent heard from him _ he went to America . We found the books two days _ he had gone away .Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.Practice1. If you late tomorrow morning, you wont catch the early bus. A. get up B. dont get up C. will get up 3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。Practice1. I keep an English diary it helps me improve my writing skill. A. how B. whenC. because D. if2. his leg was hurt, he walked slowly. A. Because; so B. Because; /C. Although; but D. Although; /3. .I collect toys because they are beautiful. (对画线部分提问) you collect toys?4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.Practice( ) 1. This exercise is difficult . A. so; that few of us can doB. so; that few of us can do it C. too; for anyone of us to do D. too; for anyone of us to do it2. This math problem is so easy that I can work it out. (改为简单句) This math problem is to work out.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.Practice( )1.Our village has changed a lot, and it becomes_before. A. so beautiful as B. as beautifully as C. more beautiful than D. much more beautiful( )2. Dont just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is _ it says. A. as good as B. not as good asC. as well as D. not as well as6. 目的状语从句1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.2） so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能与but用在同一个句子中。例如：不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.Practice1.Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A. if B. when C. before D. until2.If he _ on time, we will go without himA. doesnt come B. dont come C. didnt come3.If you _ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us.A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go8. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way.Practice( )1.You should let your children play _ you can see them. A. where B. when C. in which D. that( )2.The school was built _ there had once been a church. A. where B. when C. in which D. That9.方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as来引导。例如： The students do as the teachers say.三、引导各类状语从句的连词类别连词 时间状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once地点状语从句where, wherever 原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that目的状语从句in order that, so that, etc. 结果状语从句sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc. 条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, in case that etc. 让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句asas, soas, than, etc. 方式状语从句as, as if, as though, etc.练习1. We bought Granny a present, _ she didnt like it.A. but B. and C. orD. so 2. Run quickly, _ well miss the early train.A. and B. but C. so D. or 3. Ill give the book to him _ he comes back.A. since B. as soon as C. before D. until 4. Dont cross the road _ the light turns green.A. when B. while C. until D. as 5. Miss Gao has been a teacher _ 1990.A. before B. after C. since D. in 6. - Which would you like better, tea _ milk? - Tea, please.A. but B. and C. or D. with 7. We love spring _ theres beautiful flowers every where.A. though B. but C. or D. because 8. Please leave _ 700, then youll be able to get _ there earlier.A. till, in B. from, / C. before, / D. behind, to 9. The teacher didnt begin the lesson _ all the students stopped talking.A. until B. after C. if D. because 10. Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday _ she was ill.A. but B. until C. if D. because 11. You must start right now, _ youll miss the train.A. forB. and C. so D. or 12. _ he is a child of six, he can read and write.A. Whose B. If C. Though D. Because 13. I like fish, _ chicken, _ eggs.A. and, andB. and, with C. /, and D. and, / 14. Take this dictionary with you _ you may use it in class.A. when B. in order to C. but D. so that 15. I hope _ will be fine tomorrow.A. it B. what C. whether D. when 16. _ she was not well, I decided to go without her.A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of 17. My aunt bought me _ many story books that I spent a lot of time them.A. suchonB. suchin C. tooin D. soon 18. Mother was cooking _ she _ a knock at the door.A. when, listen to B. while, listened toC. while, heard D. when, heard 19. Speak slowly, _ we can understand you.A. and B. or C. if D. because 20. Youll learn English well _ you put your heart into it.A. if B. so C. until D. or 21. I wont let you in _ you show me your pass.A. until B. for C. since D. because 22. She didnt go to school _ she was ill.A. why B. because C. where D. but 强化练习：练习一：1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C