[初一英语]新目标七年级下册英语语法点总结.pdf

七年级下册英语语法点总结Unit 1 Where s your pen pal from? 一短语：1 be from = come from 来自于- 2live in 居住在- 3on weekends 在周末4 write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人5 in the world 在世界上in China 在中国6pen pal 笔友14 years old 14 岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目7the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约8speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎9go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动二重点句式：1 Wheres your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) doe s he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1 Canada - Can adian - English / French 2 France - French - French 3 Japan - Japanese - Japanese 4 Australia - Australian - English 5 the United States - American - English 6 the United Kingdom - British - Enghish Unit 2 Where s the post offic e? 一Asking ways: ( 问路)1Where is (the nearest) ？（最近的）在哪里？2Can you tell me the way to ？你能告诉我去的路吗？3How can I get to ？我怎样到达呢？4Is there near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有吗？5Which is the way to ？哪条是去的路？二Showing the w ays: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。5. You d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（Youd better+ 动词原形）三词组1. across from 在的对面across from the bank 在银行的对面2. next to 紧靠 next to the supermarket 紧靠超市3. between and 在和之间between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间4. in front of 在前面There is a tree in front of the classroom. 课室前面有棵树。in the front of 在（内）的前部There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 课室内的前部有张桌子。5. behind 在后面behind my house 在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐on the left/right of 在某物的左/右边on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边on one s left/right 在某人的左/右边on my left 在我左边7. go straight 一直走8. down /along 沿着（街道）down/along Center Street 沿着中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10 welcome to 欢迎来到11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of 的开始,前端at the beginning of 在的开始,前端in the beginning 起初，一开始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心， 过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快15. take a taxi 坐出租车16. 到达：get to + 地方get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家arrive in + 大地方I arrive in Beijing. arrive at + 小地方I arrive at the bank. reach + 地方17 go across 从物体表面横过go across the street 横过马路go through 从空间穿过go through the forest 穿过树林18 on + 街道的名称。Eg: on Center Street at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称Eg: at 6 Center Street 三重难点解析1enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish 和enjoy ，都是要带doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。2hope to do sth 希望做某事I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。hope + 从句I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine 是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四本单元的反义词、近义词配对1new old 2 quiet - busy 3 dirty - clean 4 big - small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一重点词组eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night i n the day every day during the day 二. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because theyre very clever. 2. Why does he like koalas? Because theyre kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because they re friendly and clever. 5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 6. She s very shy. 7. He is from Australia. 8He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves. 9He usually sleeps and rela xes 20 hours every day. 10 Let s see the pandas first. 11 Theyre kind of interesting. 12 What other animals do you like? 13 Why do you want to see the lions? 三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school. 2、China n. 中国Africa n. 非洲China 和Africa 都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in 连用。There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa. 3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend 的形容词形式，常常和be 动词连用, be friendly 。The people in Chengdu are very friendly. 4、with prep. 跟，同，和在一起I usually play chess with my father. 注意区别与and 的用法，and 通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有I, I 通常放在and 之后，如：My father and I usually play chess together. Play with “ 和一起玩耍”“ 玩”I ofte n play with my pet dog. Don t play with water! 5、day 和night 是一对反义词， day 表示白天或一天， night 表示夜或夜晚。通常说in the day, during the day, at night 。Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night. 6、leaf n. 叶子复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife wives, wolf wolves, knife knives 等。7、hour n. 小时；点钟hour 前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：an hour 。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour. 8、be from 来自be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China. 9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much 来修饰，即：much me at He eats much meat every day. 10 、grass n. 草，为不可数名词， 表示 “许多”时，使用much 来修饰，即：much grass 。There is much grass on the playground. 四. 语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what” 、“who ” 、“which” 、“when ” 、“where” 、“how ” 、“how old ” 、“how many ” 等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：What s your grandfathers telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？How are you? 你好吗？How old are you? 你多大了？How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。 这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日？Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/How about+ 名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。 你呢？What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？Unit 4 I want to be an actor. 一短语：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物/ 把某物给某人3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home. 4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/ to sb 和- 谈话8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher. 9 in a hospital 在医院10 work/ study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚报二重点句式及注意事项：1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what ；有三种主要句式What + is / are + sb? What + does/ do + sb + do? What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词+ job? 2 People give me their money or get their money from me. 3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night. 4 I like talking to people. 5 I work late. Im very busy when people go out to dinners. 6 Where does your sister work? 7 then we have a job for you as a waiter. 8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter. 9 Do you like to work evenings and w eekends? 10 We are an international school for children of 5 -12. 三本单元中的名词复数。1 policeman - policemen 2 woman doctor - women doctors 3 thief - thieves Unit 5 Im watching TV 一现在进行时现在进行时的用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作现在进行时时间状语及标志性词now 现在at th is time 在这时at the moment 现在look 看（后面有明显的“！”）listen 听（后面有明显的“！”）现在分词的构成一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: go going look - looking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing 。Eg: write writing close - closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing. Eg: get getting run running ( swi m, run, put,get,sit,begin) 现在进行时的构成肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing + 其他+时状.Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+ 其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语+ doing+ 其他+时状？Eg: Is he doing his homework now? 肯定回答：Yes ,主语+am/is/are Eg Yes, he is. 否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isn t/aren t Eg: No, he isn t. 二短语：1do ones homework 做某人的作业do housework 做家务2talk on the phone 在电话里交谈，讲电话talk about 谈论talk to(with)sb 和某人交谈3write a letter 写信write a letter to sb 给某人写信4play w ith 和一起玩5watch TV 看电视TV show 电视节目6wait for sb/sth 等待某人/某物7some of 中的一些8in the first photo 在第一张照片里（介词用in, 序数词前面有the ）in the last photo 在最后一张照片里a photo of ones family 某人的家庭照片9at the mall 在购物街at/in the library 在图书室at/in the pool 在游泳池10 read a book = read books = do some reading 看书阅读11 thanks for = thank you for 为某事而感谢（后接动词要用ving ）三重点句式及注意事项：1他正在干什么？What is he doing? 他正在吃饭。He is eating dinner. 他正在哪里吃饭？Where is he eating dinner? 他正在家里吃饭。He is eating dinner at home. 2你想什么时候去？When do you want to go? 让我们六点钟去吧。Let s go at six oclock. 3他正在等什么？What is he waiting for? 他正在等公交车。He is waiting for a bus. 4他们正在和谁说话？Who are they talking with? 他们正在和Miss Wu 说话。They are talking with Miss Wu. 5你们正在谈论什么？What are you talking about? 我们正在谈论天气。We are talking about the weather. 6他们都正在去上学。They are all going to school. 7这儿是一些我的照片。Here are some of my photos. 这儿是一些肉。Here is some of meat. (some of meat 不可数，故用is) 8谢谢你帮我买这本书。Thank you for helping me buy this book. 9family 家；家庭。强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。His family has a shower. 他们家有一个淋浴。His family are watching TV. 他全家在看电视。Unit 6 Its raining! 一短语：1 take photos/ pictures 照像2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth 给某人或某物照相3 have a good time have fun have a great tame 玩得愉快4 work for sb / sth 为某人工作Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTVs Around The World show 5 on vacation 度假Eg: There are many people here on vacation. 6 some - others - 一些 另外一些 onethe others. 一个另一个（两者之间）Eg: There are many students in the classroom. Some are w riting, others are reading. 7 put on 穿上（动作）wear 穿着（状态）Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now. 8 on the beach 在沙滩上Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment. 9this group of people 这一群人10. in this heat 二重点句型1How is the weather? 天气怎么样？In the raining. 在下雨。2What are you doing? 你正在做什么？Im watching TV. 我在看电视。3What are they doing? 他们在做什么？They are studying. 他们在学习。4What is he doing? 他在做什么？He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。5What is she doing ? 她在做什么？She is cooking . 她在做饭。三重难点解析1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换)How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?) What s the weather like in Beijing? ( Whats the weather like today?) 2 回答上面问题的句式：It s + adj. ( 形容词)Eg: Its windy. 3 Hows it going (with you)? Not bad. Great! Terr ible! Pretty good. 4 Thank you for joining CCTVs Around The Word show. 5 I am surprised they can play in this heat. 6 Everyone is having a good time. 7 People are wearing hats and scarfs. wear 指穿衣服的状态。put on 指穿衣服的动作。四谈论天气的日常用语1. Its sunny/rainy /cloudy. 今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。2. Lovely weather,isnt it? 天气真好，是吗？3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。4. Its raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。6. Its blowing hard. 风刮得很大。7. Its snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。8. The snow won t last long . 雪不会持续太久。9. Its very foggy. 雾很大。10. The fog is beginning to lift. 正在收雾。11. Its thundering and lightening. 雷电交加。12. What s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？13. What s the weather report for tomorrow? 天气预报明天怎么样？14. Its quite different from the weath er report. 这和天气预报相差很大。15. Its rather changeable. 天气变化无常。16. What s the temperature? 温度是多少？17. Its two below zero. 零下二度。18. The temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天温度低多了。Unit7 What does he look like? 一短语1 look like 看起来像. 2 curly /short/stra ight/long hair 卷短直发3 medium height/build 中等高度身体4 a little bit 一点儿5 a pop singer 一位流行歌手6 have a new look 呈现新面貌7 go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物8 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长9 be popular with sb 为- 所喜爱10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事11 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情12 tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话/ 讲故事13 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事14 remember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）15 remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）16 one of - - 中的一个二本单元的重点句：1 Is that your friend? No, it isnt. 2 What does she look like? 3 I think I know her. ( I dont think I know her.) 4 Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team. 5 Shes a little bit quiet. 6 Xu Qian loves to tell jokes. 7 She never stops talking. 8 She likes reading and playing chess. 9 I don t think he s so great. 10 I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 11 Now he has a new look. 三重难点解析1 What does/ do + 主语+ look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？Eg: What does your friend look like? 2 形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。Eg: She has long curly black hair. 3 one of + 名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。Eg: One of his friends is a worker. 4 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 5He is ( 通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)He has （通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）He wears （穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）6I don t t hink 的用法表达否定的看法I don t think she is good -looking. Unit 8 I d like some noodles 一短语1beef and tomato noodles noodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面chicken and cabbage noodles mutton and potato noodles tomato and egg noodles beef and carrot noodles 2would like to do sth want to do sth 想要作某事3what kind of noodles 什么种类的面条4what size bowl of noodles 什么大小碗型的面5a large medium small bowl of noodles 大中小碗的面6ice cream 冰淇淋orange juice 桔汁green tea 绿茶RMB人民币phone number 7House of Dumplings noodles 饺子面馆De ssert House 甜点屋二重点句型1What kind of vegetables meat drink food would you like? I d like I d like chicken and cabbage noodles. 2. What kind of noodles would you like? I d like beef noodles. 3. What kind of noodles would you like? I d like chicken an dcabbage noodles. 4. What size bowl plate of noodles would you like? I d like a large medium small bowl moodes. 5. What size cake would you like? I would like asmall birthday -cake. 三重难点解析1would like 想要（表示一种委婉的语气）其用法相当于want. would like + 名词would like an apple (want an apple) would like to do sth He would like to play soccer. - Would you like to see the dolphins? - Yes, I d like to. （1）would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。（你能举出例子吗？）我想要些牛肉。I d like some beef. 她想去打乒乓球。She w ould like to play ping -pang. （你能变否定句和疑问句吗？）（2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型，如需用一些，用some 而不用any. 肯定回答是：Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK. 其否定回答是：No, thanks. 2What kind of noodles would you like? kind 在此句中作“种类”讲，a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样的。kind of 有几分A cat is a kind of animal. There are all kinds of animals in the zoo The cat is kind of smart. 3Can I help you? 你要买什么肯定Yes, please . I would like 否定No, thanks. Unit 9 How was your weekend ？一短语1. play + 运动play soccer play tennis play sports pl ay the + 乐器play the guitar play with 和某人物玩耍2have + 三餐have breakfast lunch supper 3. study for clean the room visit sb stay at home have a party talk show 4go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains 5go shopping do some sh opping go to the shop 买东西6last weekend over the weekend 上周末on weekends 每周末7on + 某日morning afternoon evening in + morning afternoon evening in+ 年月季节at + 时刻last (next) month year week 8what about nv-ing pren=how about 呢9. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末10 it s time to do sth it s time for sth 该做么的时候了11 look for 寻找二，重点句型和语法1一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用:yesterday ,last week(month,year) （1）系动词be 的过去时: am(is) was, are were 陈述句：He was at home yesterday. 否定句：He wasnt at home ye sterday. 疑问句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes ,he was./No ,he wasnt. （2）行为动词的一般过去时:陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它I go to the movie. I went to the movie. 否定句：主语+助动词didn t+ 动词原形+其它I don t go to school today. I didn t go to school. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+动词原形+其它Do you have breakf ast? Did you have breakfast? Yes,I do./No,I dont