There be句型.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流There be句型【精品文档】第 7 页There be句型一 定义及结构定义There be句型是英语中常用句型,表示某处有某物或某人,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必翻译出.后面的名词是句子的主语,属于倒装结构.表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”There在此结构中,没有副词“那里”的含义.句型结构be动词肯定句：There be+主语+其它.否定句：There be not+主语+其它.（否定副词not放在be之后）There be not+主语+其它.（主语前加上不定代词no）一般疑问句：Be there +主语+其它? Yes,there be./No,there be not.情态动词（will）肯定句：There +情态动词+动词原形+主语+其它.否定句：There +情态动词+not+动词原形+主语+其它.一般疑问句：情态动词+there +动词原形+主语+其它?Yes,there+情态动词./No,there+情态动词+not.句型时态现在时态：There is/are过去时：There was/were将来时：There is/are going to be：There will be完成时：There have/has been反义疑问句和特殊疑问句反义疑问句：There be或There加其它动词,其反义疑问句一律用.there？例如：There is a beautiful girl in the garden,isnt there?There used to be no school here,uesd there/did there?特殊疑问句：1.对主语提问：“Whos+介词短语？”（主语是人） “Whats+介词短语？”（主语是物）其中there在口语中常常省略.注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式（回答时却要根据实际情况来决定）There is a bird in the tree.-Whats in the tree?There are some bikes over there.-Whats over there?2. 对地点状语提问：“Where is/are+主语？”表示（注意其答语变化）There is a computer in my office.-Where is the computer?-Its in my office.There are four children in the classroom.-Where are the four children?-They are in the classroom.3. 对数量提问：一般有两种一般如果主语是可数名词,无论是单数还是复数,都用“How many+可数名词复数+are there+介词短语？”表示：There are twelve months in a year.-How many months are there in a year?This is only one book in my bag.-How many books are there in your bag?如果主语是不可数名词,则用“How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？”表示：There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in your purse?注意肯定句中出现some改成否定句或疑问句要改成any,出现and要改为or.not和no不同,not是副词,no是形容词,not a/an/any+名词=no+名词二 There be句型用法情况用法及例句情态动词连用there 与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语（如将来时be going to/will,现在完成时have/has+done,used to结构等连用,注意其构成形式）There must be something wrong hereThere might still be some vacant seats in the rearThere ought to be something with which to fill your stockingThere happened to be some money in my pocket.There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a church across from the bank.时态There be句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时There is someone at the door to see you.门口有人找你。There will be a meeting this evening.-Have there been any letters from Jack lately?-No, there hasnt.There had been many such accidents before you came.半助动词There be句型中be前面可用一些半助动词,如：be about to (就要), be certain to (一定会), be going to (将要),be likely to (可能), be to (要), had better (最好), have to (必须), used to (过去常),appear/seem/happen to (似乎/恰好)等There used to be a grocery store on the corner.There is certain to be something wrong with the engine. = It appears / is certain that there is something wrong with the engine.There appears to have been a nasty accident.替换词There be 句型中的替换词有：come (来), develop (产生), exist (存在), fall (落下), follow (跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着), occur (发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand (站着)等.这些动词可以有时态变化,及物动词还可以有语态变化appear,come,follow,spring up,emerge,arrive,enter,等词表示“突然出现”live,stand,exist,remain等词表示“静止,存在,有”There fell a deep silence.突然一片寂静There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation.在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste.此后不久,公众的情趣发生了突然的变化There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the Peoples Heroes.人称和数1. there be 句型中,be应和后面的主语在数上保持一致.如果有两个或更多的主语,则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一,即“就近原则”There is only a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room.There are some peoples in the bowl.2. 如果主语是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数be形式.There is five hundred dollars to pay.There is still another 20 miles to drive.There is duck and green vegetables for supper.与have区别1. 区别There be意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系；Have表示所有关系,强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法.There are some trees in front of the house.Tom has many friends in China.2. 相同点在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be句型,也可以用have（has）来表示.There are many long rivers in China./China has many long rivers.How many days are there in March?/How many days does March have?注意：两者不能同时使用.固定句型“there be no+主语名词”的习惯用法（=It is/was impossible to+动词原形）动名词在“there be no”结构中作主语,表示“不可能”、“无法”.结构为：“There be no doing=It be+impossible to+动词原形”There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing countryThere is no joking about such mattersThere is no telling what will happen to him nextThere is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡There is no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗话,叫人根本无法忍受there is no point动名词，表示"没有必要","无用","没有意义","没有用处"例如：We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club,but there is no point worrying about itthere is no use 动名词,表示"无用","没有意义","没有用处"例如：There is no use advising him to give up smokingthere is no good 动名词分词,表示"无用","没有意义","没有用处","没有益处"例如：There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool修饰主语在由"there be主语名词"引起的句子中,修饰主语的情况1.在由"there be主语名词"引起的句子中,用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式,也可以用主动形式.例如：There is no time to loseto be lostThere are still many things to take care ofto be taken care of在口语中多用主动形式.但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思.试比较：There is nothing to do now（We have nothing to do now）There is nothing to be done now（We can do nothing now）There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing）There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all）2.在由"there be主语名词"引起的句子中,用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句.例如：There were 200children studying（who were studying）music,dancing,or dramaticsIs there anything planned（that has been planned）for tonight？【大展身手】1. If ever again _ happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame.A. itB. soC. thereD. that2.Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, _.A. there is no stopping of him B. he is not to stopC. there is no stopping him D. it is no stopping him3. Around the world _ may be as many as a million earthquakes in a single year.A. yet B. they C. there D. has there4. There is no point _ with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argueB. to argueC. in arguingD. of arguing5. Where _ dirt, there are flies.A. there has B. is C. there is D. has there6. _ no air, there would be no life on the earth.A. There was B. There were C. Was there D. Were there7. He said, “_ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”A. It is There isB. There is It isC. It is It is D. There is There is8. The house improvements have taken _ little there is of my spare time.A. how B. what C. that D. someKeys：1-5 CCCCC 6-10 DABthere be句型的非谓语动词结构表示“有”或“存在”（for）+there to be+宾格词There be句型中be用不定式,形成“（for）there to be+宾格词”结构,在“（for）there to be+宾格词”的结构中,主语是宾格词.这种不定式在句中作逻辑主语,宾语,状语.通常用it作形式主语,并且用for引导."there to be 宾格词"在句中作主语Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company特别应该注意的是："for there to be 宾格词"在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出there be后面的宾格词又如：It is impossible for there to be any more applesFor there to be so few people in the streets was unusual"there to be宾格词"在句中作宾语作宾语时,通常用there to be,常作这样一些词的宾语：expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等.The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final examsthere to be宾格词"结构在句中作动词expect的宾语,句中的宾格词more reviewing classes作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语.特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用"to be"的形式,因为这种不定式结构是从"there be"结构转化而来的.又如：I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.People dont want there to be another warMembers like there to be plenty of choiceIt is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping,singing or somehow adding to the totality of musical soundI dont want there to be any misunderstanding.我不想引起任何误解（there to be 作宾语）"there to be宾格词"结构在句中作介词for的宾语,句中的宾格词an ensemble of expert musicians作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语"for there to be 宾格词"在句中作状语It isnt cold enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim s car out quite safely（"for there to be宾格词"作结果状语）特别应该注意的是,"for there to be宾格词"在句中作状语时必须用介词for引出there be后面的宾格词.又如：For there to be successful communication,there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing itself by all present（"for there to be宾格词"作目的状语）They planned for there to be another meeting（"for there to be宾格词"作目的状语）there being+宾格词在there be句型中,be用现在分词,形成“（of）there being+宾格词”结构,在“（of）there being+宾格词”的结构中,主语是宾格词.这种分词在句中作逻辑主语,宾语,状语"there being宾格词"在句中作主语There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.公共汽车站离家这么近是一个很有利的条件（There being a bus用作主语）"there being宾格词"结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词a bus stop作"there being" V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语"there being宾格词"在句中作宾语Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talents meeting？（"there being宾格词"作宾语）No one would have dreamt of there being such a fine place.谁也没想到会有这样的一个好地方.（there being 在句子中作介词of的宾语.需注意的是,结构若出现在介词for的后面则要用动词不定式；若出现在其他介词后面则要用动名词）"there being宾格词"结构在句中作介词of的宾语，句中的宾格词so many work units作"there being"V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语.又如：No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lake.John was relying on there being another opportunity"there being 宾格词"在句中作状语There being no cause for alarm,she went back to her bedroom（"there being宾格词"构成独立结构,在句中作原因状语）There being no bus, we had to walk home.（“There being +宾格词”构成独立主格结构,在句中作状语）"there being宾格词"结构在句中作状语,句中的宾格词no cause作"there being" V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语.又如：There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director,the department asked him to resign（"there being 宾格词"作原因状语）There being nothing to be done,they have to go back home（"there being宾格词"作原因状语）There being no further business,the chairman closed the meeting（"there being宾格词"作原因状语）there done+宾格词在there be句型中,be用be+过去分词,形成“there be+过去分词+宾格词”结构,在“there be+过去分词+宾格词”的结构中,主语是宾格词.There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboardThere are now published millions of books every year in ChinaThere was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai【大展身手】1.It isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.A. would be B. being C. was D. to be2. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exam.A. be B. being C. have been D. to be3.There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live.4. He said it was impossible for _ a mistake in a computers calculation, so you can rly on that.A. there beingB. there would beC. there to beD. there was5. Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a chanceC. there be a chance D. being a chance6. The chairman insisted that there be a meeting _ within the shortest possible time.A. to hold B. to be held C. to have been held D. to be holding7. _, she went back to her room.A. There was no cause for alarm B. Without having cause for alarmC. Being no cause for alarm D. There being no cause for alarm8. _ to the railway station, we missed the train.A. There is no bus B. No bus goesC. There not being any bus D. Not any bus9. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying.A. were B. being C. to be D. havingKeys：1-5DDDCA 6-10 BDCB