中考复习--常见的时态.ppt
江西省清江中学江西省清江中学 龚希芳龚希芳 时态时态定义:定义: 在英语中,不同时间发生的动作要用在英语中,不同时间发生的动作要用不同的不同的动词形式动词形式来表示,这每一种不同的形式就叫做时来表示,这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态。态。 时态的种类:初中常见的时态的种类:初中常见的8种时态种时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :构成形式构成形式 : 1.一般现在时态一般现在时态( The Simple Present Tense)表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。状态。 do / does(三单三单)every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, three times a day , etc一般现在时的注意点一般现在时的注意点:1 、表客观事实或普遍真理、表客观事实或普遍真理The earth _ (go) round the sun .2 、 在在when ,as soon as, until, after, before等等到引导的时间状语从句和到引导的时间状语从句和if ,unless引导的条件引导的条件状语从句中状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示将来. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go on a picnic .goes如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营。如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营。Exercise 1. I _(find) my ruler in my desk .found2. We and _(see) lots of birds _(fly) over the trees.flyingsawfive minutes agolooked up概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :构成形式构成形式 : 2. 一般过去时态一般过去时态(The Simple Past Tense)表示过去某个时间发生的动表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态作或存在的状态V+edyesterday, just now, last , this morning, ago, etc一般过去时的注意点一般过去时的注意点:1、用于虚拟条件句中,表示与现在事实相反的情况。、用于虚拟条件句中,表示与现在事实相反的情况。If I had time , I would go with you .2、since从句中常用一般过去时从句中常用一般过去时You havent changed much since we last _(meet) .met概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :构成形式构成形式 : 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态在的状态tomorrow, in three days,next, soon, in the future, etc. 1. will/shall+do 2. am/is/are going to + do3. am/is/are + doing 3.一般将来时态一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense)Look at the dark clouds, it _rain.Tomorrow _ be April Fools Day.一般将来时的注意点一般将来时的注意点:willis going to be going to 表示根据表示根据主观主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 表示表示客观客观上将来势必发生的事情上将来势必发生的事情compare two sentencesLondon will hold the 30th Olympic Games this summer.Chinese people were so excited because Beijing would hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 4. 过去将来时过去将来时结构结构:1. would/should + do 2. was/were going to + do 3. was/were + doing 用法:用法:1. 在叙述过去发生的事情时,表示当时看将来会在叙述过去发生的事情时,表示当时看将来会发发 生的事情。生的事情。2. 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中,表示将用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中,表示将来发生的事情或曾经打算要做到事情。来发生的事情或曾经打算要做到事情。They said that they would have a basketball match with Class Two this afternoon.(2008台州中考台州中考)- Hi , Mary . Where is your father?- Look, He _his car over there.A.washes B. is washing C. will wash D. has been washedExercise 5. 现在进行时态现在进行时态 ( The Present Continuous Tense )概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作构成形式构成形式 : 现在进行时现在进行时的注意点的注意点:- Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear?- Sorry, Jack. I _ in the kitchen and didnt hear you.A.was cooking B. am cooking C. were cooked D. will cookExercise 概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :构成形式构成形式 : 6. 过去进行时态过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense)表示过去某一时刻或某一时间表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的动作。段正在发生的动作。was/were+doingat this time yesterday, from seven to nine last night, at that moment, etc.过去进行时的注意点过去进行时的注意点:在在when , while引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句中中, 表示主从句中两个动作同时发生表示主从句中两个动作同时发生时时, 用过去进行时表示用过去进行时表示 . When my father got home, I _ a letter to my friend. A.write B. am writing C. wrote D. was writing较长的动作较长的动作Exercise 1. He _(finish) writing the book, hasnt he?has finished 2. - You seem to know much about the city. - Thats true. I _ it three times. A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :构成形式构成形式 : 7. 现在完成时态现在完成时态(The Present Perfect Tense)发生在过去且对现在仍有影响发生在过去且对现在仍有影响 的动作的动作, 强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响.have /has +donealready, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, twice, etcfor, since, so far, in the past few years, by now, etc现在完成时的注意点现在完成时的注意点: have been to 和和 have gone to 的区别的区别 1). I _ never_ to America.2).- Is Tina at home? - Sorry, she _ to Paris .have been to 去过某地,人已经回来去过某地,人已经回来have gone to 去了某地,人未回来去了某地,人未回来havebeenhas gone译下列句子:译下列句子: 1、这本书他买了一年了、这本书他买了一年了 2、 这本书他借了三天了。这本书他借了三天了。 3、我们离开广州六年了。、我们离开广州六年了。He has bought this book for a year .He has had this book for a year .He has borrowed the book for 3 days .He has kept the book for 3 days .We Guangzhou for 6 years . We Guangzhou for 6 years .短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用连用, 必须转变成延续性动词必须转变成延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词与与短暂性动词短暂性动词将将短暂性动词短暂性动词转化为转化为be+形容词形容词/副词副词(短语)(短语),就可以与,就可以与时间段时间段连用。连用。这家商店开门这家商店开门6个小时了。个小时了。 The shop has opened for 6 hours. The shop has been open for 6 hours. 请牢记下表:请牢记下表:begin /start-be onget here-be there come back-be backcome here-be hereopen-be openclose-be closeddie-be deadmarry-be marriedfinish-be overgo to bed-be in bedleave-be awayreturn-be backget out-be outfall asleep-be asleeplose-be lostfall ill-be illget/arrive/reach-be in/atjoin/become-be in/be a member of有的有的短暂性动词或词组短暂性动词或词组可以转化成意思相同的可以转化成意思相同的延延续性动词或词组续性动词或词组。borrow-keepput on-wearbecome-beget to know-knowbuy-have/owncatch a cold-have a coldreceive-havego to sleep-sleep概念概念: 常用时间状语常用时间状语 :构成形式构成形式 : 8.8.过去完成时过去完成时: (The Past PerfectTense): (The Past PerfectTense) had doneby the end of last year, by then, by the end of last year, by then, 以以及由及由when,before,after when,before,after 等引导的时间状等引导的时间状语丛句中,表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。语丛句中,表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。表示在过去某一时刻前已发生或表示在过去某一时刻前已发生或完成的动作,也称完成的动作,也称“过去的过去过去的过去”过去完成时的注意点过去完成时的注意点:在在宾词从句宾词从句中,当主句的谓语动词是中,当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时一般过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句中一定要注意宾语从句中的时态变化。的时态变化。He said that he _the film many times.had seenExercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it . A . will rain B. rains C .rained D. is raining 2.-Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter ”? -The film “Harry Potter ”? I _ it . Its very wonderful. A.see B.have seen C.was seeing D.has seen3.The boy _(not swim) in the river yet.hasnt swum5.-Where is Liu Mei? - She_(go) home.4.- Where is your father?- He _ (watch) TV in the room.7.He asked what they_(do) at eight last night.were doing8.I know that he _(join) the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain) tomorrow. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone9 .Hes not hungry. He_ just_ (have) lunch.11.-_the Blacks _(visit) the Great Wall before? -Yes , they_. -When _they _(visit) it? -Only a month ago.10. Im sure he _(work) it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 12.He_(look) out of the window when the match _ ( begin ).was lookingbeganAttention: 在在while(表示表示一段时间一段时间)引导的从句中,不引导的从句中,不能用能用短暂性动词,但短暂性动词,但when可以,因为可以,因为when可表示时间可表示时间点,也可表示时间段。点,也可表示时间段。 误:误:While I got to the village, it was dark. 正:正:When I got to the village, it was dark. While Jim was making a paper plane , his brother was doing homework.