中考英语阅读理解解题指导.ppt

The Skills of reading comprehension阅读理解考察的题型(1) 猜词析义题(2) 细节理解题 (3) 主旨大意题(4) 推理判断题1.The writer began to love her mothers desk _.A. after Mother died B. after she became a writerC. when she was a child D. when Mother gave it to her细节理解题细节理解题表层理解题：这类试题一般比较简单，只要看懂文章就能答题表层理解题：这类试题一般比较简单，只要看懂文章就能答题2. What did the mother do with her daughters letter?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didnt forgive her daughter at all in her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she died.细节理解题细节理解题3. The passage shows that _.A.Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter.B. Mother was very angry with her daughter in words.C. Mother cared much about her daughter in words.D. Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words.推理判断题推理判断题4. Whats the best title of the passage?A. A letter to Mother B. Mother and daughterC. Daughters life D. Mothers life主旨大意题主旨大意题深层理解题：这类试题一般需要通过分析、归纳、深层理解题：这类试题一般需要通过分析、归纳、推理、判断才能找到正确答案。推理、判断才能找到正确答案。5. The word “gulf” in the second paragraph means_.A. 礼物礼物 B. 鸿沟鸿沟 C. 建议建议 D. 方法方法猜词析义题猜词析义题词语释义题：根据新课程标准要求，中学生应能阅读词语释义题：根据新课程标准要求，中学生应能阅读生词量不超过生词量不超过3%的文章，因此对这的文章，因此对这3%的生词进行词的生词进行词义猜测是应该具备的能力。义猜测是应该具备的能力。细节理解题：对时间、地点、方式、数字等对时间、地点、方式、数字等的的寻找；寻找；对原因、结果、事实的对原因、结果、事实的正确理解正确理解常见的设问方式：1. Which of the following sentences is TRUE/NOT true？2. . does not mention that_?3. Which sentences is not right?4. Which is NOT talked about in this passage?5. Where can you find the在读文章时把这些信息划下来在读文章时把这些信息划下来细节理解题解题技巧：细节理解题解题技巧： 先找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过快速阅读确定该细节在文中的原句或近义词或同义句近义词或同义句，仔细对照题干进行比对、比对、排除（排除（简单数学简单数学计算）计算）友情提醒：友情提醒： 命题者惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来“迷惑”考生，即对原句细微处做改动，所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant. The ad tells us that_A. The assistant must be a man.B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China.B2. In the past, there were forests all around Lake Ponkapog, so rainwater was clean. In the past, Lake Ponkapog was surrounded(环绕)by_.A.fish B. rain B.birds D. forestsD猜词析义题：阅读上下文，寻找线索，判定该词的真正含义，代入、检查是否贴切常见的设问方式：1.The underline words“ ”mean_.2.What does the word“ ”mean in Chinese in this passage?3.The sayingmeans4.In this sentencemeans.1.文中找线索或信息词。2.根据熟悉的词或词义判断新单词之意。3.根据上下文判断信词汇在特定语境中的确切含义。友情提醒：友情提醒： 做这种类型的题，要根据所在的语境来判断词义。命题者在出此类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，在猜测词义时，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜词析义题解题技巧：猜词析义题解题技巧：Tips:1、根据、根据定义、破折号或定语从句定义、破折号或定语从句猜测词义猜测词义2、根据、根据上下文情景和逻辑上下文情景和逻辑猜测词义猜测词义3、根据生活常识猜测词义4、根据列举的事例猜测词义5、根据构词法猜测词义6、根据、根据关联词关联词来猜测词义来猜测词义 表示因果关系的表示因果关系的： 表示同义关系的表示同义关系的： 表示反义关系的表示反义关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a resultand, like, just asthe same as.but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of) 1. A lot of the worlds natural resources like oil come from poor countries. A. 环境环境 B. 资源资源 C. 汽油汽油2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. A. 帽子帽子 B. 雨鞋雨鞋 C. 眼镜眼镜3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom. A. 丰满丰满 B. 苗条苗条 C. 强壮强壮4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them. A. 口袋口袋 B. 肩带肩带 C. 纽扣纽扣Exercises: Choose the right answer.1.Well, Ive relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. Thats the heart of the watermelon.“the heart of the watermelon” refers to_. A. the best part of the watermelon. B. the writers busy life C. the writers decision of making money. D. the writers hope of enjoying life.D2.There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean _in Chinese? A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽Dand推理判断题：考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。能力和综合归纳能力。常见的设问方式：常见的设问方式：1) We can infer(推断) from the story that_2) It can be inferred from the passage that _3) According to the story, what would happen next? 4) What can we learn from the passage? 推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出辞，作出总结性总结性的判断。的判断。 友情提醒：友情提醒：同时要特别注意同时要特别注意代词代词所指代的对象所指代的对象 推理判断题解题技巧：推理判断题解题技巧：事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。1.Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _A. You often play football with your friends after school.B. Your teacher has got a cold.C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.D. The bike in front of your house is lost.Cdangerbad 2. When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this.What does the underlined word “this” mean? A. Dont cough or sneeze in front of peopleB. Dont stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.C. Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train.D. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.D主旨大意题主旨大意题:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等文章的题目等常见的设问方式：常见的设问方式：(1）What is the main idea of the passage?(2) The first paragraph tells us that _(3) Which of the following expresses the main idea?(4) The passage is mainly about _(5) Which of the following is the best title? 主旨归纳题常见题型为最佳标题(title)或中心思想(main idea)等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，在多数情况下，尤其在说明文和议论文中，主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。主旨大意题解题技巧：主旨大意题解题技巧：友情提醒：友情提醒：有些干扰选项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。Do you know more and more Chinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their efforts into charity work in China? Here lets know some of them. What is the passage mainly about? _ A. Chinese charity work. B. Charity work of some Chinese artists. C. Some famous Chinese artists. D. Organizations started by Chinese artists.B_解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。解题技巧解题技巧: 正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。 Today I can iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt and the right way to do the trousers. Now when I think about it, I dont think she is an old lady. I thin she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned. Now the writer _ A. is still afraid of the lady B. hates the strict lady. C. admires the disabled lady. D. is very grateful to the lady.D Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell some- times forget to cook supper for the family. One summer they planned to fly to New York for their holidays. They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane took off. So time was short. But suddenly Mrs. Bell said she must tell Alice,their daughter, not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school. As Alice was then at school,they couldnt tell her about it by telephone. So they hurried to the post office. Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bell bought a stamp and an envelo- pe. Soon the note was ready. They put the stamp on the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box. But suddenly Mrs.Bell began to cry. The short note was still in her hand. She had put the plane tickets in the envelope.( )(1). The word “forgetful ” means_. A.忘记 B.健忘的 C.难忘的( )(2).How did they plan to go to New York onesummer? A.by plane B.by train C.by bus( )(3). Because Alice was then ay school , they had to _to Alice. A. phone B.write a note C.send a E-mail( )(4). What did they drop _in the letter box? A. a note B. the tickets C. the money( )(5). The main idea of this passage is_. A. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. B. Mr.and Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York. C. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old.1.Read the article for 2 minutes, and find the key sentence of the article.BABBA猜词析义题主旨大意题推理判断题细节理解题细节理解题通篇阅读，掌握大意。了解短文的主旨大意，掌握结构。把握全文脉络和中心思想。 2阅读选项，缩小范围认真细读短文后的选项，对考查内容要求做到心中有数,缩小各题选择的范围.3根据上下文，初定答案。对短文内容中所缺句子，寻找前后文的关键信息，特别注意某些同义词反义词，连词或介词等Key words的作用以及前后文和句子间的逻辑关系。4认真核查，验证答案。还原检查,验证答案,注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。结构完整，意思通顺，确保答案准确无误。解题方法解题方法解题策略解题策略细读开篇首句，推测全文内容细读开篇首句，推测全文内容 通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意 围绕大意，对照选项，围绕大意，对照选项，逐句阅读，初选答案逐句阅读，初选答案 先易后难，瞻前顾后先易后难，瞻前顾后 复核全文，看文章是否上下连贯，复核全文，看文章是否上下连贯，合乎逻辑，同时消除疏漏合乎逻辑，同时消除疏漏如何提高阅读理解能力 （1）通读全文，掌握大意，抓住中心。 采用速读法，抓关键词，粗略地浏览全文，不需要逐字逐句的阅读，初步掌握文章的主旨大意。 （2.）带着问题阅读，初步做出选择或判断。 快速阅读一遍文章，着重看文章后设计的问题，然后再复读全文。答题原则为：“先易后难”。最后留下难题再集中精力个别处理。 （3.)正确理解文章的标题。 因为标题是文章的眼睛，是文章展开叙述的依据，是对文章内容的高度概括和总结。 （4.）进一步把握文章的中心思想。 有的文章中心放在第一段，有的放在最后一段，有的贯穿于全文中。同学们在理解全文的基础上应在脑子里能正确概括和总结出中心思想。 （5.）运用推理解释词义。 碰到生词时不惊慌，因为它不是孤立存在的，而是出现在一定的语言环境中，因此可以通过构词法、同义词、反义词、因果关系和上下文的暗示，“顺藤摸瓜”猜出其意，若一时解决不了，不要停顿，不要花费大量时间打断阅读理解思路。如何提高阅读理解速度1.必须改正一些不正确的阅读习惯。 a.要尽力抑制嘴唇动作和低声阅读。 b.克服阅读时眼睛不断回视的习惯。2.根据读物的难易和阅读的要求来确定阅读的速度3.要直接理解原文，不要把英语翻译成汉语。这是提高阅读速度的最好方法