英语就近原则就远原则.doc

就近原则： 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。 I.在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be句型; or ; either or；nor; neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also" ; 等。e.g. What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II. 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式） Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式） 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。英语就近原则短语1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from e.g：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.