2022年考研英语一真题及答案汇总 .docx

精品_精品资料_2022 年考研英语一真题及答案汇总Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 pointsAncientGreek philosopherAristotleviewed laughter as “ a bodilyexercise precious tohealth.” But 1some claims to the contrary, laughingprobablyhas littleinfluenceon physical fitness Laughter does2short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to4,a good laugh is unlikely to have5benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 , studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of10feedback, that improve an individual s emotional state.11one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted12physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry13they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also14tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of theUniversityofw ürzburginGermany asked volunteersto16a pen either withtheirteeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce an17 expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around20, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve 5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6.AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12.Awith Bon Cin Dat13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent1 / 11可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_18.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 pointsText 1The decision ofthe New York Philharmonicto hire Alan Gilbertas its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointmentin 2022. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.“ Hooray. At last. ”wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbertis comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert s appointment in the Times, calls him“ an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to goto my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic qualitythan today s live performances . moreover, they can be“ consumed” at a time and place of thelistener s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisisin the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference.Merely expanding the orchestra s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonicare to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert s appointment has Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion. Creceived acclaim. Daroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is2 / 11可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Ainfluential. Bmodest.Crespectable. Dtalented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances. Cexaggerate the variety of live performances. Doverestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings. AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public. CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels Adoubtful.Benthusiastic. Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of Americain August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came rightout and said he was leaving“ to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting hisambition was “ very much my decision, ” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the firsttime withthe board of HartfordFinancialServices Group, whichnamed him CEOand chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of companyhe wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quita senior position to look fora better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: ” I can t think of a single search I ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. ”Those who jumped without a job haven t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marramquit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in3 / 11可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2022 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made itmore acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “ The traditional rule was it s safer to stay where you are, but that s been fundamentally inverted, ” says one headhunter.“ The people who ve been hurt the worst are those who ve stayed too long. ”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered. Dimpulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status. Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards. Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28. The word“poached” Line 3, Paragraph 4 most probably means Aapproved of.B attended to. Chunted for. Dguarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts. Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated. Ctop performers care more about reputations. Dit s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text.ACEOs: Where to Go. BCEOs: All the Way Up.C Top Managers Jump without a Net DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional“ paid” media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role, companies today can exploitmany alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “ owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlledby marketers promotingtheir own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketer s owned media become another marketers paid media for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic isso strongthat otherorganizationsplace theircontentore-commerceengines withinthat environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers4 / 11可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makesthe site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technologicalchanges that have provided marketers withmore and more diverse communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media arethe opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier thisyear with a relatively quick and well-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponse campaign,whichincludedeffortstoengage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31. Consumers may create “earned” media when they are A obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature A a safe business environment.B random competition. C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing. C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor s experience is cited as an example of A responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products. C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about . A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media. C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.5 / 11可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story,“ I love My Children, I Hate My Life, ” is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talkinglike the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead ofthinkingof itas something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even thoughthe day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that“ the verythings that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of in