2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit5Meetingyourancestors含解析新人教版选修8.doc

Unit 5Meeting your ancestors李仕才【短文语法填空】We want everyone to respect us.Do we respect everyone around us? The answer is a big NO! We dont respect _1_we think is better than us, we dont respect poor and old people, and we dont respect who we feel is less better _2_ us.So how can we win respect? The easiest way _3_ (gain) respect is by giving respect.Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible.Dont use bad language.Being _4_ (help) and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and _5_ (win) respect as well.With patience and practice, you can get any kind of virtue.Flowers are the main _6_ (attract) of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life.Life is terrible _7_ respect.Just think whenever you go to a party, everyone there is not treated equally.Do you know why? Because of _8_ (they) manners.Why are we not treated sometimes as _9_ (expect)? Because we do the same to others who have expectations from us.Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect.Without respect, you cant live.You need respect everywhere, in life, in work, in society or in family.A respected person _10_ (speak) politely.1who空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think是插入语，不影响句子结构，故应填who。2than根据空前的better可知，此处为比较级，故应填介词than。3to gain此处为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way，故填to gain。4helpful由Being可知，此处应填一个形容词，故填helpful。5winning介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故此处用winning作介词of的宾语。6attraction根据空前的the main和空后的of可推知，此处应填一个名词，故填attraction。7without根据上文的“respect is the beauty of life”可推知，没有尊重的生活是可怕的，故用介词without，后跟名词respect，表示“没有尊重”。8their此处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词manners，在句子中作定语。9expectedas expected为固定搭配，意为“正如期望的那样”。10speaks全文主体时态为一般现在时，故此处也用一般现在时，且主语A respected person为第三人称单数意义，故用speaks。一高考单词识记·思考·运用1核心词汇interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔assume vt.假定；设想assumption n假定；假设arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n逮捕；拘留starvation n挨饿；饿死starve vi.挨饿；饿死accuracy n精确；准确accurate adj.准确的；精确的messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess n凌乱；脏analysis n分析analyses pl.analyse vt.分析significance n意义；重要性 significant adj.重要的division n分割；分配；分界线 divide v分割；划分；分配sharp adj.尖的；锋利的sharpen vt.(使)锋利；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具2常考词汇alternative n可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的delete vt.删；删除accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促进category n种类；类别；范畴academy n学院；学会用所给单词的适当形式填空1A computer analysis (analyse) blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.(2017·江苏卷)2The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical (天文的；极大的) incidents.But alternative (alternative) explanations are hard to find.(2017·江苏卷)3Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is_not_interrupted (not interrupt) too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.(2016·全国卷)4But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation (starve) in the wild.(2016·全国卷)5Our Standard Course guarantees a significant (significance) increase in your confidence in a foreign language，with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas.(2016·天津卷)6The groundhog still didnt have a problem with me scratching (scratch) her back，and I got an idea.(2015·四川卷)7You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need to check the accuracy(accurate) of it.(2015·湖南卷)8In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division (divide) of labor.(2015·安徽卷)cy名词后缀(表示“的性质；的状态”)高频词速记accuracy 正确，准确(度)；精确efficiency 效率；效能emergency 紧急情况fluency 流畅，流利frequency 屡次，频率，频繁privacy 隐退，隐避，隐居tendency 倾向，趋势情感态度族群relief 解除，减轻relieve 使脱离，解脱relax 放松relaxed 放松的mood 心情hesitate 犹豫exhausting 使筋疲力尽的guilty 有罪的，犯了错误的calm 平静的，使平静envy 羡慕，忌妒jealous 妒忌的，吃醋的sympathy 同情take it easy 不要紧张condemn 相关词荟萃condemn vt.谴责accuse/charge vt.起诉scold vt.责骂criticize vt.批评punish vt.惩罚“comfort”家族comfort n舒适comfortable adj.舒适的comfortably adv.舒适地uncomfortable adj.不舒服的uncomfortably adv.不舒服地fortune 相关词一览(1)fortune n运气fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunate adj.不幸的unfortunately adv.不幸地(2)luck n运气lucky adj.幸运的luckily adv.幸运地unlucky adj.不幸的unluckily adv.不幸地【完形填空】When my sister Diane began playing the violin，she was seven.How did she sound？Terrible.But she didn't _1_.At twelve，she asked our parents if she could _2_ a full­time music school.They said no.Actually，everyone agreed that my sister_3_ talent.I was better at my _4_.My teacher had told my parents that I had great_5_.So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to _6_ me.But the only time he was _7_ was Saturday afternoons at 3 pm. Back then，I was _8_ about the British TV show“The Avengers”，which was_9_ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nothing take up my “The Avengers”hour.So I _10_ this amazing opportunity.Today，I don't even have a_11_ in my house.My sister became an engineer，but she _12_ stopped making music.When she was in her 40s，she switched her _13_.She went back to college，got a(n)_14_ in music education，and became a music teacher.She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never _15_.Recently，she and a pianist pal put on a recital.A big crowd of friends and family _16_ for her.As she played，I looked around at the _17_.Everyone was _18_ enjoying the music.It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7­year­old kid making those perfectly_19_ sounds and knew how far she had come，despite_20_.Talent is important.But enthusiasm is even more important.1A.advanceBquitCreflect Dlisten2A.inspect BopenCattend Dvisit3A.lacked BspottedCpossessed Dadmired4A.major BprojectCcomposition Dinstrument5A.patience BenthusiasmCpotential Dambition6A.train BexamineCcorrect Dchallenge7A.punctual BskillfulCoccupied Davailable8A.sensitive BcrazyCserious Dparticular9A.filmed BdesignedCaired Dcommented10A.jumped at Bturned downCwaited for Dopened up11A.tutor BviolinCmusician Dpiano12A.never BonceCalready Deven13A.attitude BcareerCplan Dposition14A.scholarship BsponsorCdegree Dassistant15A.provided BimaginedCreceived Dexpected16A.voted BfearedCstayed up Dturned up17A.students BaudienceCspotlights Dplatform18A.obviously BdesperatelyCappropriately Danxiously19A.booming BpleasingCawful Dpowerful20A.everything BsomethingCeverybody Dsomebody【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们：天赋很重要，但更重要的是热情。1B根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知，但她没有放弃(quit)。2C根据上文可知，尽管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放弃；据此可以判断，本句句意为：在十二岁时，她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。3A根据上文的“They said no”和父母没有答应让她去全日制音乐学校学习可以判断，每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天赋，故A项正确。4D根据本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，与妹妹相比，“我”更擅长“我”的乐器。5C根据下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师来教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能(potential)。A项意为“耐心”，B项意为“热情”，D项意为“抱负”，都与语境不符。6A参见上题解析。A项意为“培训，教育”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“改正”；D项意为“挑战”。7D根据语境可知，钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空。D项意为“有空的”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“准时的”，B项意为“技术好的”，C项意为“使用中”，都与语境不符。8B根据本句中的“about the British TV show”可判断，“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目。be crazy about为固定搭配，意为“热衷于”，故B项正确。A项意为“敏感的”，C项意为“严肃的”，D项意为“特别的，尤其的”，都与语境不符。9C根据该句中的“every Saturday at 3 pm.”可知，这档英国电视节目在每周六的下午三点播放。air在本句中意为“播出，播送”，属于熟词生义，故C项正确。A项意为“拍电影”，B项意为“设计”，D项意为“评论”。10B根据上文的“I let nothing take up myThe Avengers' hour”可知，“我”不让任何事情占用“我”看这档节目的时间，据此可以判断，“我”拒绝了这一机会。B项意为“拒绝”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“迫不及待地接受”，C项意为“等待，等候”，D项意为“打开；开发；展示”，都与语境不符。11D根据本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判断，由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴，所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有，故D项正确。12A根据空后两句可知，“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐；据此可知，尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师，但是她从未(never)停止对音乐的追求，故A项正确。13B根据下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十几岁时，她改变了职业(career)，从工程师成为一名音乐老师，故B项正确。A项意为“态度”，C项意为“计划”，D项意为“地位；职位”，都与语境不符。14C根据句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大学学习音乐，并取得了音乐教育的学位(degree)，成了一名音乐老师。A项意为“奖学金”，B项意为“赞助人”，D项意为“助手”，都与语境不符。15C根据上文可知，“我”的父母认为妹妹没有音乐天赋，拒绝了妹妹上全日制音乐学校的请求，据此可以判断，妹妹做音乐老师时，给了孩子们她未曾得到(received)的鼓励和支持。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“想象”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。16D根据上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会；据此可以判断，朋友和家人们都到场了。A项意为“投票”，B项意为“担心，害怕”，C项意为“熬夜”，D项意为“到达，露面”。17B根据下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐；据此可知，“我”环顾了四周的观众(audience)，故B项正确。A项意为“学生”，C项意为“聚光灯”，D项意为“平台，讲台”。18A根据本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很显然(obviously)，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐。B项意为“极其”，C项意为“恰当地”，D项意为“焦虚的；担心的；着急地”，都与语境不符。19C根据上文的“How did she sound? Terrible”可知，七岁时，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C项正确。A项意为“迅速发展的”，B项意为“令人愉快的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。20A根据本句中的“and knew how far she had come, despite”并结合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音，只有“我”知道她不顾一切(everything)走了多远。二重点短语识记·思考·运用1动词短语cut up 切碎look ahead 向前看；为将来打算date back to 追溯到keep out 关在门外；不准入内be fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦be aware of 知道2其他形式regardless of 不管；不顾at most 至多；最多用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Regardless_of your choice of course，youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.(2016·天津卷)2I wouldnt like to work together with him，I am_fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness.3Whenever we are in trouble，we must look_ahead and encourage ourselves.4Chinese currency can date_back_to two thousand years ago. 5Cut_up the meat before you put them into the pot.with名词“地”速记with relief 放心地with caution 小心地with certainty 确切地with courage 勇敢地with confidence 自信地“厌烦，讨厌”一族速记be tired of 厌烦于be bored of 厌倦于be sick of 讨厌disgust 使厌烦annoying 厌烦的troublesome 厌烦的“beadj.to”结构小结be superior to 比优越/年长be senior to.比年长/资历深be junior to.比年轻/资历浅be inferior to.次于；不如be similar to 与相似be familiar to 为所熟悉三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Yes，indeed，as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大浅水湖的一部分。句中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”。正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。“You cant judge a book by its cover，”as_the_old_saying_goes.2.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！此句用了虚拟语气。if only.意为“要是就好了”。今年春节全家能团圆就好了！If_only_the_whole_family_could_be_united during the Spring Festival this year！3.Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。only to do sth.“不料；结果”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况。他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。He hurried to the theatre，only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out.【短文改错】Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.He always smile politely at me, make me absolutely delighted when I meet him.What's more，honest is his good mannerhe never lies me.In addition，he is the caring and compassionate friend.He's willing to help me whenever I have in trouble.The second reason is that Petou is really excellently.He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much.To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and him.I really like him.【答案】Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is he has a very warm personality.He always politely at me， me absolutely delighted when I meet him.What's more， is his good mannerhe never lies me.In addition，he is caring and compassionate friend.He's willing to help me whenever I have trouble.The second reason is that Petou is really .He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much.To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and .I really like him.第一处：areis。考查主谓一致。whose引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“one”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。第二处：becausethat。考查名词性从句。主语为名词reason，表语从句中的连接词要用that。第三处：smilesmiles。考查动词时态和主谓一致。由后文“which makes me”可知，主句应用一般现在时；主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应该用单数。第四处：makemaking。考查非谓语动词。make与前面的谓语动词之间无连词，故此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。第五处：honesthonesty。考查名词。形容词不能作主语，应该用名词。第六处：lies后加to。考查固定用法。lie to sb.意为“对某人说谎”。第七处：thea。考查冠词。此处表示他是一个热心并且有同情心的人，表示泛指，应该用不定冠词。第八处：删除in。考查介词。句意：无论何时我有困难，他都愿意帮助我。have trouble意为“有困难”，in多余。第九处：excellentlyexcellent。考查形容词。作is的表语应该用形容词。第十处：himme。考查代词。Petou能帮助别人也能帮助我。 11