文献综述(3).doc

AbstractIn the world of literature, Margaret Mitchell is one of the few writers whose fames are built on only one book. Since the publication of Gone with the Wind, it has become the focus of studies of many scholars. Different people have different opinions about it and many scholars from home and abroad have made many analyzing on this novel from various aspects. This paper will first introduce some basic information of this novel and the meaning and significance of my research. Then, the main part of this paper is a brief collection and analysis of scholars researches and articles of this novel from home and abroad. The conclusion part is some suggestions about future researches.Key word: Feminism; Scarlett OHara; Literature review; Future work A brief analysis of Scarlett OHara from the Perspective of FeminismLiterature review1 Introduction Gone with the Wind is created by American authoress Margaret Mitchell in 1930s and it is the only novel by Mitchell published during her lifetime. By later 1965, Gone with the Wind has been sold more than 10,000,000 copies and has been translated into twenty-five kinds of language in twenty-nine centuries. The heroine of Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O'Hara, who is beautiful, high-spirited and strong-willed. The novel is set in American Civil War and it fully emerges the reality of social unrest. It also describes several young persons love stories and Scarlett OHaras fortune. When Gone with the Wind was firstly published in 1936, America was still struggling in the Great Depression. To many people in the hard time, this novel shows a good example of survival and hardship. In other word, it is an encouraging book at that special historical and social background. The heroine of the novel is a high-spirited, independent, undefeated and brave young woman. In order to survive during and after the Civil War, Scarlett makes all of her effort to support her family. Scarlett's struggle against difficulties and misfortunes is really encouraging. However, Gone with the Wind is not only a love drama, but also a book that shows the change of life and psychological experience of people in the Old South during the Civil War. Drawing the theory of feminism into Gone with the Wind, it is not difficult to find that Scarlett O'Hara is a heroine who dares to overthrow womans traditional image. Despite the severe gender inequality of their time, Gone with the Wind is a novel with the premier feminist ideology. Readers can find strong feminist color in the role. Nowadays, readers should not just look Gone with the Wind as a romantic love story and should not neglect the value of feminist ideals contained in the work. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to reinterpret the novel with the focus on feminism through analyzing the heroine- Scarlett OHara from the perspective of feminism. Therefore, readers will find that the novel is not only a book of love story, but it also deserves a large amount of studying from a feminist perspective. 2 Literature Review 2.1 From Home In China, Fu Donghua first translated Gone with the Wind into Chinese in 1940. However, Chinese people may be more familiar with Gone with the Wind as a famous movie directed by David O. Selznick but not a novel. Even though the facts that Gone with the Wind has been sold more than 10,000,000 copies and has been translated into 25 kinds of language in 29 countries and Margaret Mitchell won the Pulitzer Prize for her excellent description of the Old South and the touching love story between Rhett and Scarlett. Hence, many researches on this novel are still on the surface in China. Until now, some new findings and analysis are released, especially in the aspect of character of Scarlett O'Hara. Above all, Chinese researches of Gone with the Wind can be concluded into several aspects as fellow, of which researches on its literary language and speech act theory and researches on the female protagonist of its heroineScarlett O'Hara are relevantly more popular in China in recent years. The following part will focusing on introducing Chinese researches of these two aspects.2.1.1 Researches of its literary language and speech act theory. Irony is one of the most prominent characteristics in many literary works, especially in Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind. However, previous studies mainly focused on the literary value or ideological content of Gone with the wind rather than the irony in it. Therefore, many researchers try to take challenge and make innovation, such as Zhou Qians A Speech-Act Theoretic Study of Irony in Gone with the Wind; Zhang Dongyans Irony in the Novels of the Present Age; Lu Xifeis Irony in Pride and Prejudice-Based on Speech Act Theory; Fan Xiaojun's The Metaphorical Significance in Gone with the Wind; Guo Chen's Studying the American Negro Literature through the Literature Works "Uncle Tom's Cabin”, "Gone with the Wind" and "Roots' Liu Hu's Human Nature and Class Nature in literaturediscussion on the ideological criticism about the novel Gone with the Wind and so on. 2.1.2 Researches on the female protagonist of its heroineScarlett O'Hara. This aspect is the most attractive one in China. Due to the complexities of the character of Scarlett, scholars study her from different aspects with various focuses. Yang Yuns On The Artistic Image of Scarlet In Gone With the Wind; Sun Yus The Analysis of Scarlett s Realistic Characteristic; Zhu Fangs An Analysis of Scarlett s Character in Gone with the Wind and Xie Jingzhis On the Charm of Scarlett in Gone with the Wind deals with the aesthetic values and the characterization of this female protagonist. While some articles focus on the traditional consciousness of Scarlett, such as Deng Yufens Scarlett: Dream and People without Going with the Wind Feminism Understanding of Gone with the Wind; Liu Liyins Endless Exploration in the Existential Reality; Yang Juans Scarlet s emotional conflicts and radical changes-On the completion of female consciousness as subject and transfer of spiritual home; Zhang Jiapings A Disputable Best-sellerSome Comments on the Study of the American Novel Gone with the Wind and Liu Cuixiang;s Tendency of Gone with the Wind. Some writers (Cheng Xiaohong, 2004; Li Yangbo, 2006) try to explore the rebellious aspect of her. Other writers (Yu Jihong&Li; Yangrong, 2005) focus their attention on the quite contradictory qualities of this protagonist while some (Zhang Zhao, 2004) try to understand the American culture through the analysis of this protagonist. Through reading these studies with the various focuses, readers will benefit a great deal since they will have the chances to know this character from different perspectives and they will be able to master a comprehensive view of this protagonist. In turn, this will greatly decrease the readers' chances of forming biased opinions against this protagonist. Since it is known that it is not so simple to put people into either the category of good or bad, sometimes the classification is a much more complicated matter than that. In addition to these, there are also some other famous articles which focus on different research aspects, such as Wang Xiaoquan's Scarlett and Rhett's Eternal Love Trip and Wang Jian's Marriages in Gone with the Wind and Xu Xiaohong and Yu Fang's On the Sense of Land-ethic and Its Multiple Significances in the Popular Novel Gone with the Wind focus on the theme of the novel and they believe that the novel is an object representation of the history of the Old South during the American Civil War and Restoration years. 2.1 From Abroad In generally, researches abroad focus on the similar aspects as these in China, such as the novels theme, its main characters, novels content and its impact, the literary study of the novel and its feminist ideals. However, foreign scholars are more attractive to analyze the novel in the aspect of its theme as well as its content and impact. Therefore, the paper will mainly list and discuss some researches results in these two aspects. 2.2.1 Researches in the aspect of themeMany critics regard the novel as a song of the Old South, such as John P.Bishop's War and Peace; O. Levitski and O. Dumer's "Color Symbolism and Mythology in Margaret Mitchell's Novel Gone with the Wind" Drake, Eaklor, Vicki L's Striking Chords and Touching Nerves: Myth and Gender in Gone with the Wind and Robert Y's Tara Twenty Year after. 2.2.2 Researches in the aspect of its content and impact The New York Sun review gives a high appraisal of this novel: "the great panoramic novel such as the English and the Russians and the Scandinavians have known how to produce; in spaciousness, emotional power (and no American writer has approached Mitchell in this respect) and in its picturing of a vast and complex social system in time of war, Gone with the Wind is most closely allied to Tolstoy War and Peace." In the New York Post, it also gets high remarks: "A good Southern novelist who is also an excellent critic wrote me the other day that he thought it was probably the greatest novel ever written in the United States. I am not willing to go this far, but . . . it is far and away the best novel that has ever been written about the Civil War and the days that followed." John Crowe Ransom shows his "extreme" admiration for the architectural persistence behind the big work in the Saturday Review and the New York. Besides, book review in Publisher Weekly claimed that Gone with the Wind may be the greatest American novel until now.3 Future work Since there have been many researches on the novels theme, charters, translation and literature language, it would be more meaningful to make analysis on its heroine from the aspect of feminism, so as to reflect her strength and intelligence which can quall or even bests the strength and intelligence of men. Through this, we can have a new understanding of Scarlett OHara and the novel. References1 Bacchi, C. L. Same Difference, Feminism and Sexual Difference, Allen and Unwin, 19002 Beye, Charles Rowan. Gone with the Wind as Book and Film. Columbia: University of South CarolinaPress, 1983 3 Cornell, Drucilla (1998). At the heart of freedom: feminism and equality. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-0289654 Fox, Margalit (February 5, 2006). "Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in Feminine Mystique, “Dies at 85”. New York Times 5 Fox-Genoese, Elizabeth. "Scarlett O'Hara: The Southern Lady as New Woman." American Quarterly, 33(fall, 1981), 3926 Handing, Sandra (2004). The Feminist standpoint theory reader: intellectual and political controversies. New York: Rout ledge. ISBN 978-0-415094501一1. 7 Li Shasha. Images of Women in Vanity Fair and Gone with the Wind. 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