《中考英语总复习》考点08 动词和动词短语-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）.doc

考点八 动词和动词短语命题趋势： 动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1. 动词辨析；2. 动词短语辨析。考向一：动词的分类分类特点例句实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。连系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I dont speak English. 我不说英语。情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in? 我可以进来吗？考向二：实义动词分类用法例句及物 动词能直接跟宾语She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。Im sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。【2020 无锡市】 Hmm, something _ so good. Is it a cake? Can I try some? Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!A. feelsB. looksC. smellsD. tastes【答案】C【解析】句意：嗯，某些东西闻起来很香。是蛋糕吗？我能尝尝吗？ 手工制作的饼干。还带有点温度。尝尝吧！考查感官动词。A. feels感觉到；B. looks看起来；C. smells闻起来；D. tastes尝起来。根据问句中Is it a cake? Can I try some?提示，提问者并没有摸到、看到或者尝到这个东西，只是闻到了它的气味并进行了猜测，故选C。 考向四：助动词be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. be+现在分词构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. be+及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdont第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesnt过去式diddid notdidnt【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I dont like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. do+动词原形构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehave nothavent第三人称单数hashas nothasnt过去式hadhad nothadnt【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We havent seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了考向五：动词的甚本形式形式规则变化例句一般现在时第三人称单数一般情况在动词后直接加-slooklooks；workworks以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-escatchcatches；gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esstudystudies；trytries现在分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ingreadreading；gogoing以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ingsee seeing；toetoeing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ingloveloving；writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ingcutcutting；putputting少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ingdiedying；lielying过去式和过去分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ed askasked；helphelped以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-dlikeliked；livelived以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edcrycried；studystudied以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stopstopped；planplanned考向六：动词短语构成方式常见短语动词+冠词+名词give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险动词+名词catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行动词+名词+介词catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对做贡献，make room for给腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和接触/联系，take pride in以为豪动词+介词+名词come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候 动词+宾语+介词+名词bring. to mind使想起，put. into use应用，put. into practice实行/实施，take. for example以为例动词+副词+介词add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完【2020 河北省】Some volunteers are going to the central park. Let's join them.A. put upB. clean upC. look upD. give up【答案】B【解析】句意：一些志愿者打算去清扫中央公园。让我们加入他们吧。考查动词短语。put up张贴；clean up清扫；look up向上看，查阅；give up放弃。根据空后“the central park”，结合选项可推出是说清扫中央公园，用clean up符合题意。故选B。1.【2020 辽宁丹东】How's it going, Tina?Great. My company has _ me a good job.A. offeredB. providedC. introducedD. discovered【答案】A【解析】句意：最近怎么样，蒂娜？很好。我的公司给了我一份好工作。考查动词辨析。offered提供；provided提供；introduced介绍；discovered发现；根据句意理解可知，这里是表示“提供某人某物”，英语是offer sb sth，而provide的结构是provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb，分析句子结构可知，这里应该用offered，故选A。2.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Parents always _ us not to swim in the river in summer.A. promiseB. trainC. warnD. show【答案】C【解析】句意：父母总是提醒我们夏天不要在河里游泳。考查动词辨析。promise承诺；train训练；warn提醒；show展示。根据语境可知，父母总是提醒我们夏天不要在河里游泳。故选C。3.【2020 江西省】The performer _ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.A. continuedB. relaxedC. stoppedD. won【答案】C【解析】句意：表演者停下来了，因为人群中传来太多的噪音。考查动词辨析。continued继续；relaxed放松；stopped停止；won赢。根据句意“because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.”可知，因为人群中有噪音，所以表演者停下来，C选项符合语境，故选C。4. 【2020 东营市】5G, as a new global network （全球网络） after 3G and 4G, will certainly _ our life in many ways.A. copyB. breakC. changeD. control【答案】C【解析】句意：3G和4G之后，5G作为一种的新的全球网络，肯定会在很多方面影响我们的生活。考查动词。copy复制；break打破；change改变；control控制。根据“our life in many ways”可知此处用动词change表示“改变我们的生活”。故选C。5.【2020 山东日照】It's good for us to _ a good habit of reading.A. developB. chooseC. acceptD. pick【答案】A【解析】句意：对我们来说养成一个阅读的好习惯是好的。考查动词辨析。develop养成；choose选择；accept接受；pick拾起。固定句式：its+形容词+for sb+to do sth“对某人来说做某事”，动词不定式作真正的主语，根据good 及a good habit of reading，可知，养成一个阅读的习惯是好的，所以空格处填develop。故选A。6. 【2020 昆明市】As common people, the medical workers choose to stand out and _others without thinking twice. They are the most beautiful angels.A. protectB. protectingC. admireD. admiring【答案】A【解析】句意：作为普通人，医护人员会不假思索地挺身而出保护他人。他们是最美丽的天使。考查动词辨析。protect保护；protecting动名词或现在分词形式；admire钦佩，赞美；admiring是动名词或现在分词形式。根据句意可知，医护人员站出来保护其他人，C和D意思不对，先排除。该空前and连接并列成分，与空前的stand out一致，应用动词原形。故选A。7. 【2020 天津市】I was busy this morning and didnt have time to _ my email.AwasteBpunishCbelieveDcheck【答案】D【解析】句意：今天早上我很忙，没有时间检查我的邮件。考查动词。waste浪费；punish惩罚；believe相信；check检查。根据“my email”可知此处用动词check表示“检查邮件”。故选D。8. 【2020 新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】 Look, Cindy. The flowers in our classroom come out in one night. That's fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They_ nice.A. smellsB. smellC. soundsD. sound【答案】B【解析】句意：听着，辛迪。我们教室里的花一晚上就开花了。太棒了！它们美丽多彩。它们闻起来很香。考查动词辨析和主谓一致。本句主语They复数，可知谓语动词使用原形，可知排除A和D。花应是闻起来很香，smell：闻起来；sound：听起来。故选B。9. 【2020 温州】Jim is going to join the Art Club because he likes_.A. cookingB. drawingC. runningD. reading【答案】B【解析】句意：吉姆打算加入艺术俱乐部，因为他喜欢画画。考查动词辨析。cooking烹饪；drawing画画；running跑步；reading阅读。根据句中“join the Art Club”可知，他打算加入艺术俱乐部，因为他喜欢画画。故选B。10. 【2020 南通市】The children are jumping excitedly because they have _ the design perfectly in groups.A. completedB. controlledC. contactedD. caused【答案】A【解析】句意：孩子们兴奋地跳着，因为他们完美地完成了小组设计。考查动词辨析。completed完成；controlled控制；contacted接触；caused引起。根据The children are jumping excitedly孩子们兴奋地跳着，结合because they have _ the design perfectly in groups.及备选词汇，可知应该是他们完美地完成了小组设计，所以completed符合题意，其它选项均语意不通,故选A。11. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】Fangfang, shall we go to see a film on Saturday? Sorry. Ill have to_my younger brother because my mother is out.A. look atB. look forC. look upD. look after【答案】D【解析】句意：芳芳，星期六我们去看电影好吗？很抱歉。我必须在家照看我的小弟弟，因为妈妈要出去。考查动词短语。look at看；look for寻找；look up查询、抬头看；look after照看、照顾。根据题干中Sorry及because my mother is out可知，因为妈妈外出，我周六不得不在家“照看”弟弟，所以空处的短语应是“look after”，故选D。12. 【2020 黑龙江省龙东地区】Kate, don't forget to _ the light when you leave the room. OK, mom.A. cut offB. put offC. turn off【答案】C【解析】句意：凯特，你离开房间时别忘了关灯。好的，妈妈。考查动词短语辨析。cut off切断；put off 推迟；turn off关闭。结合句意可知，这里指的是关灯，故选C。13. 【2020 江苏省苏州市】Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?Dont you know that, Amy? They _ “keep in touch”.A. search forB. ask forC. go forD. stand for【答案】D【解析】句意：托尼,过来。短信中的"KIT"是什么意思?你不知道吗，艾米?它们代表“保持联系”。考查动词短语。search for寻找；ask for请求，要求；go for去找，努力获取；stand for代表。根据题干中“What do the letters KIT mean in the text message?”可知此处是讲KIT代表“keep in touch”，用stand for符合题意。故选D。14. 【2020 山东滨州市】Tom, it smells so terrible here. Sorry, mum. I will _my socks and wash them right away.A. put offB. take offC. turn offD. cut off【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆，这里的气味好难闻。对不起，妈妈。我马上脱下袜子洗一洗。考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟；take off脱下；turn off关闭；cut off切断。分析句意可知，前句提及味道难闻，后句回答内容应与解决难闻的气味相关内容，表示“我马上脱下袜子洗一洗”，结合选项，ACD三项不符合语意，故选B。15. 【2020 江苏泰州市】Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.I agree. Most poets (诗人) describe this season to _ a feeling of sadness, but in Lius eyes autumn is full of life and hope.A. excuseB. expressC. expectD. explain【答案】B【解析】句意：刘禹锡的秋歌用不同的方式描述了秋天。我同意。大多数诗人描述这个季节是为了表达一种悲伤的感觉，但在刘的眼里，秋天充满了生机和希望。考查动词辨析。excuse原谅，宽恕； express表达；expect 期盼；explain解释。根据空前的“describe this season描述这个季节”及空后的“a feeling of sadness悲伤的感觉”可知，此处是说表达一种悲伤的感觉。表达express符合语境。故选B。16. 【2020 江苏泰州市】More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actions _ the situation from getting worse.A. stopB. stoppingC. stoppedD. to stop【答案】D【解析】句意：越来越多的青少年视力很差，因此父母和老师们应该采取行动来阻止情况变得更差。考查动词不定式。stop动词原形；stopping动名词；stopped动词的过去式；to stop动词不定式。此处表达“采取行动做某事”用动词短语take actions to do,此处用动词不定式to stop。故选D。17. 【2020 徐州市】If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to _ on the sea?A. floatB. flyC. fallD. flow【答案】A【解析】句意：如果钢比水重，为什么船能在海上漂浮？考查动词辨析。float漂浮；fly飞；fall落下；flow流动。根据语境可知，此处是询问“如果钢比水重，为什么船还能在海上漂浮”，故应用动词float。故选A。18. 【2020 无锡市】Weve discussed this many times. No jeans to the party!Very well then, if you _. But wheres my suit?A. suggestB. imagineC. agreeD. insist【答案】D【解析】句意：我们已经讨论了很多次。 不能穿牛仔裤参加聚会！那好吧， 如果你坚持的话。可是我的西装在哪里？考查动词辨析。suggest建议；imagine想象；agree同意；insist坚持。根据语境“No jeans to the party”可知，不能穿牛仔裤参加聚会是一条要去“坚持”的规则。故选D。19. 【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】These problems are too hard to _. Will you give me some advice?A. look outB. work outC. hand out【答案】B【解析】句意：这些问题很难想出解决办法，你可以给我一些建议么？考查动词短语。look out当心；work out想出解决办法；hand out分发。根据“These problems”可知此处表示“想出问题的解决办法”，用动词短语work out。故选B。20. 【2020 江苏省淮安市】My brother often _ his spare time to help me with my spoken English.A. puts upB. gives upC. opens upD. tidies up【答案】B【解析】句意：我的哥哥经常放弃空余时间来帮助我的英语口语。考查动词短语。puts up张贴；gives up放弃；opens up开封；tidies up收拾。根据“his spare time to help me with my spoken English”可知此处用动词短语gives up表示“放弃空余的时间”。故选B。1.【2020 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】They will start the project to help kids in poor areas to _ education next month.A. believeB. attendC. receiveD. accept【答案】C【解析】句意：他们将在下个月开始帮助贫困地区的孩子接受教育的项目。考查动词辨析。believe相信；attend参加；receive接受，表示客观上的接受；accept接受，表示主观上的接受，含有感情色彩；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“客观上的接受教育”，英语应该是receive education，故选C。2.【2020 安徽省合肥市瑶海区九年级二模】How do you and Joe _?Were great friends.A. come alongB. get onC. give upD. set off【答案】B【解析】句意：你和乔相处得怎么样？我们是好朋友。考查动词短语。come along出现；get on同相处；give up放弃；set off出发；根据句意理解及后句的回答Were great friends.可知，这里表达的是“与相处”，故选B。3.【2020 福建省龙岩市九年级学业（升学）质量检查英语试题】Lucy，which dress do you prefer？The pink one. It very smooth and soft.A. soundsB. smellsC. feels【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：露西，你喜欢哪条裙子？ 粉色的那条。它摸起来感觉非常光滑柔软。考查动词词义辨析。sounds听起来；smells闻起来；feels触摸，感到，(通过触觉) 注意到。根据所给空后面的“smooth and soft”可知是形容裙子光滑柔软，表达触摸的感觉。故选C。4.【2020 江苏省南京市建邺区二模】Since you have finished your post, please _the paints in the box.A. put awayB. put upC. put inD. put off【答案】A【解析】句意：既然你已经发完信，请把颜料放回盒子里。本题考查动词短语。put away收拾起来，put up举起来，put in放入，put off推迟。根据Since you have finished your post, 可知，发完信，去做另一件事，因此表示把颜料放好，收拾起来，故选A。5.【2020 天津市和平区二模】The headmaster _ him with a gold medal after he won the race.A. keptB. disappearedC. presentedD. encouraged【答案】C【解析】句意：校长在他赢得比赛后颁发了一枚金牌。考查动词。kept保持；disappeared消失；presented颁发；encouraged鼓励。根据句意和关键词him with a gold medal可知，应该使用present，present sb. with sth.“给某人颁发某物”。故选C。6. 【2020 重庆市永川九年级质量检测一诊】More and more people come to visit Hongyadong.Thats true. It has become the_ of Chongqing.A. effortB. prideC. praiseD. courage【答案】B【解析】句意：越来越多的人来参观洪崖洞。那是真的，它已经变成重庆的骄傲。考查名词。effort努力；pride自豪，骄傲；praise赞扬，夸奖；courage勇气。根据“More and more people come to visit Hongyadong”可知此处表达“重庆的骄傲”,用名词pride。故选B。7. 【2020 浙江省温州市六校九年级下学期返校测试题】Are you going to climb the mountains this Saturday?Yes. But if it _, I _ at home.A. will rain; will stayB. rains; stayC. will rain; stayD. rains; will stay【答案】D【解析】句意：这周六你要去爬山吗？是的，但是如果下雨了，我会待在家里。考查主将从现。will rain将会下雨，一般将来时；rains下雨，一般现在时；will stay将会待在，一般将来时；stay待在，一般现在时。if引导的条件状语从句一般用主将从现，即主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。故选D。8.【2020 天津市红桥区中考三模】If you want to buy this T-shirt, Youd better _first to make sure it fits you.A. pay for itB. take it offC. tidy it upD. try it on【答案】D【解析】句意：如果你想买这件T恤，你最好先试穿一下，以确保它适合你。考查动词短语。pay for it付开销；take it off脱下；tidy it up整理好；try it on试穿。根据“If you want to buy this T-shirt,”如果你想买这件T恤，以及空后的“to make sure it fits you.”以确保它适合你。可知，此处应该选择try it on试穿，符合语境。故选D。9.【2020 江苏省扬州市江都区中考一模】It was a bit doubtful at first, but it _ to be a really good idea.A. turned upB. turned downC. turned outD. turned in【答案】C【解析】句意：起初有点怀疑，但后来证明这确实是个好主意。考查动词短语辨析。A. turned up调大；B. turned down关小；C. turned out最后是/结果是；D. turned in上交。根据句意语境，可知ABD三项意思都不合句意，故选C。10.【2020 江苏省徐州市铜山区、睢宁县、邳州市等六区县（市）中考二模】 My parents often tell me to_ when I meet difficulties.A. come downB. slow downC. calm downD. get down