2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语模拟卷&ampamp;仿真卷（四）（含解析）.doc

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语模拟卷&仿真卷（四）本试卷6页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等 相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域 内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅 笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂。AScientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't existIts a stellar black hole-the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar windsThis theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday."Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said- instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.Another possibility is that it formed from “fallback supermova.” This is when a supernoma-the last stage of an exploding star-ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process” for the first time, the study said.There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASASupermassive black holes are much bigger-they can be billions of times the mass of our sun,Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.21Why does the writer write the article?ATo report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,BTo inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,CTo share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,DTo demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.22Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?AIt is the biggest black hole ever discovered,BIt lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.CIt couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star,DIts discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the “fallback formation theory".23Which of the following is right according to the passage?AIf the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.BA massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.C"The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and exploded.DIf “the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.BPlants do not listen to the radio. But a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees moisture content to a smartphonethe first step toward creating what the researchers call an “Internet of plants.”Scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a few microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader Aggelos Bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Technical University of Crete.The network consists of several basic components: an existing FM radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an FM receiver. First, the antenna picks up the signal from the FM station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. The sensor switches the transistor on and off at a rate dependent on the plants moisture level: if the soil is wet or if the atmosphere is humid, that rate is lower; if it is dry, the rate is higher. Finally, the antenna broadcasts this information to the radio receiver on a mobile phone.In this way, plants can tell farmers if they are thirsty. “We can literally listen to the moisture of the plant, using our mobile FM radio with a $3.4 sensor,” Bletsas says. “Two of these sensors for every acre on any given farm might change the way we conduct agriculture and understand plants.” He notes that more sensors may be needed for the best possible results. Such real-time information could enable better control of air and soil moisture.Why go through all this trouble and not just use already common wireless technology, such as Bluetooth? “Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says, but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”“Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.”Bletsas and his colleagues have already applied for a patent for their innovative technology in America.24The radio network created by Greek researchers _.Aconsumes much energyBcan be put in a smartphoneCuses simple technology at low costDbroadcasts radio programs to plants25What does the underlined word “modulated” in Paragraph 3 mean?AMonitored.BAdjusted.CMeasured.DConnected.26What is Alexandros Dimakis attitude to the “radio network”?APositive.BCritical.CNeutral.DDoubtful.27What is the purpose of the passage?ATo discuss methods of studying plants.BTo assess the efficiency of Internet of plants.CTo stress the importance of keeping soils moisture.DTo introduce a new way of measuring plants water use.CSome of the most powerful companies in the world have co-founders. For example, Google(Sergey Brin and Larry Page),Apple(Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs),and Microsoft(Bill Gates and Paul Allen)and so on. Having partners can help to deal with the pressure and the failures that come with running a business. No matter how down on your luck you feel they may provide emotional support. They may have extra skills, and be on hand to help out with the day-to-day problems. And an alternate point of view may help to broaden your mind and aid the risk of mistakes being overlooked.Everybody knows Samsungs Galaxy Note 7.When the phone was launched in 2016,customers praised it for its storage, design and usability, and it may well have been a hit if it werent for the fact that it occasionally caught fire and exploded. It was soon banned immediately from flights, and Samsung had no choice but to recall the entire model. The shortcoming reportedly cost the company $1 billion, and a further $17 billion in lost sales. But remember, based on the lesson, the Galaxy Note 8 and the Galaxy Note 9 are well received in the world! Now we know that failing is part of business success.One thing that all great companies have in common is that they have failed many timesand luckily, they bounced back. Take Sarah Blakely, founder of shapewear brand Spanx for example. She credits her business success specifically to her failures. “Id get kicked out of buildings all day long, “she remembered. “People would tear up my business card in my face. But my friends and I knew I could sell and I knew I wanted to sell something I had created. I learned that no doesnt always mean no ,and that you may get 30 nos before you get the one yes. People told me no with Spanx for two years. “Spanx is worth just over $1 billionit was a company that Blakely who took a degree in a law school started with just $5 000!28What can we learn from the examples in Paragraph 1?ATwo heads are better than one.BConstant dropping wears the stone.CGod helps those who help themselves.DAll things are difficult before they are easy.29Why does the author mention Samsungs Galaxy Note 7,8 and 9?ATo suggest customers should follow the new trends.BTo prove Samsung is responsible for customers.CTo show Samsung paid for its product failure.DTo explain that failures dont spell the end.30What mainly contributed to Sarah Blakelys success?AHer friendshelp.BHer will power.CHer good luck.DHer education background.31How does the author develop the passage?ABy making contrast.BBy making classification.CBy giving examples.DBy giving numbers.DPeople worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or AI., will bring about a point in history when AI. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesnt mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The AI. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the AI. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide - scale elimination of jobs - mostly lower - paying jobs, but some higher - paying ones, too.This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop AI., as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks AI. tools arent good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower - paying jobs involving the “people skills” that AI. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen - professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that AI. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.Other volunteer jobs may be higher - paying and professional, such as compassionate medial service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.32In what aspect is the AI. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer revolution?AThe AI. revolution will finally become one beyond humans control.BAI. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.CHigher - paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the AI. revolution.DIt may bring about mass unemployment to matter how much employees are paid.33The underlined word “promising” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.Apromotional Bdemanding Cguaranteed Dpotential34What does the author suggest in the face of the AI. revolution?AIt is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.BPeople should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.CThe problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.DJobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.35Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?AThe AI. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.BChallenges the AI. Revolution Brings to Job Market.CA Double - edged Sword: the AI. Revolution.DInterrelationship between AI. and Unemployment.第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Make Your Fitness Resolution StickLast year, the most common New Years resolution was fitness-related. A study showed that approximately 50 million Americans swore to increase activities and lose weight. 36 , success was hard to achieve. Two months later, only 37 percent of people in their 20s and 16 percent over age 50 had kept to their new fitness habit. 37 , the benefits of such a change are clear. There is no question that exercise plays a role in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Weekly exercise routines have been shown to reduce rates of depression and anxiety, lessen risk of heart attacks and strokes, and reduce the high rates of diabetes. 38 . Its suggested that 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise like swimming, or 75 minutes per week of intense exercise, like jogging, should be the minimum amount exercise needed to achieve maximum medical benefit if you stick to it.Often, the best way to increase your exercise is to involve movement in your everyday life. On average, urban citizen who go to work by bike or public transportation are fitter than suburban citizens who drive to work. 39 . They are good ways to increase the amount of your movement every day. Whether you determine to work out at your local gym three times a week, take 10,000 steps a day or give your dog an extra walk every day, what matters most is not your commitment to exercise but your sticking to it.