理工类-B级(解析版).doc

2014年职称英语等级考试仿真模拟试题理工类-B级第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.A) publishedB) challengedC) acclaimedD) guided2. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.A) violent criminalB) politicianC) musicianD) industrialist3. It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations.A) challengedB) assumedC) deductedD) decreed4. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because of so many are being killed for their fur.A) drying upB) dying outC) being exportedD) being transplanted5. The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A) slowB) noisyC) suddenD) jumpy6. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U.S. were allocated by the federal government.A) nationalizedB) commandeeredC) taxedD) distributed7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A) very strongB) very longC) very greatD) very fast8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A) elegantlyB) genuinelyC) intentionallyD) thoroughly9. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.A) encouragedB) enforcedC) expectedD) entitled10. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.A) solvedB) exploredC) involvedD) disputed11. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.A) protectionB) indicationC) immunityD) danger12. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policemanA) weptB) cried C) ranD) shook13. Many economists given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A) errorB) functionC) attractionD) miracle14. We have got to abide by the rules.A) stick toB) persist inC) safeguard D) apply15. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A) extendsB) stretchesC) broadensD) traverses第二部分: 阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面的短文，短文后面列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，就选A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，就选B；如果该句提供的信息文章中没有提及，就选C.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud' s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between drea ams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. 3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.练习：16. Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned17. According to Freud,people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned18. Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned19. In the past,people believed that dreams involved emotions.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned20. According to Dornhoff,babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned21. Men and women dream about different things.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned22. Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned第三部分： 概括大意完成句子（第2330题, 每题1分，共8分）阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务：（1）第23- 26 题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题：（2）第27-30 题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Screen Test 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey （调查）published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial（有争议的）, partly because the radiation（辐射） brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue（组织） is denser. 3.  Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening. 7.  “There is a trade-off（平衡） between the diagnostic（诊断的，判断的） benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current （目前的）data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investigating （调查）the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers练习：23. Paragraph 2_24. Paragraph 3_25. Paragraph 4_26. Paragraph 5_A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate(争论) E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum27. Early discovery of breast cancer may_. 28. Advantages of screening women under 50 are _. 29. Delaying the age at which screening starts may _. 30. Radiation exposure should be _.第四部分: 阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）阅读下面的短文，每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择正确的答案。第一篇 Digital RealmIn the digital realm, the next big advance will be voice recognition. The rudiments are already here but in primitive form. Ask a computer to “recognize speech,” and it is likely to think you want it to “wreck a nice beach.” But in a decade or so well be able to chat away and machines will soak it all in. Microchips will be truly embedded in our lives when we can talk to them. Not only to our computers; well also able to chat our automobile navigation systems, telephone consoles, browsers, thermostats, VCRs, microwaves and any other devices we want to boss around. That will open the way to the next phase of the digital age: artificial intelligence. By our providing so many thoughts and preferences to our machines each day, theyll accumulate enough information about how we think so that theyll be able to mimic our minds and act as our agents. Scary, huh? But potentially quite useful. At least until they dont need us anymore and start building even smarter machines they can boss around. The law powering the digital age up until now has been Gordon Moores: that microchips will double in power and halve in price every 18 months or so. Bill Gates rules because early on he acted on the assumption that computing powerthe capacity of microprocessors and memory chipswould become nearly free; his company kept churning out more and more lines of complex software to make use of the cheap bounty. The law that will power the next few decades is that the bandwidth (the capacity of fiber-optic and other pipelines to carry digital communications) will become nearly free. Along with the recent advances in digital switching and storage technologies, this means a future in which all forms of contentmovies, music, shows, books, data, magazines, newspapers, your aunts recipes and home videoswill be instantly available anywhere on demand. Anyone will be able to be a producer of any content; youll be able to create a movie or magazine, make it available to the world and charge for it, just like Time Warner! The result will be a transition from a mass-market world to a personalized one. Instead of centralized factories and studios that distribute or broadcast the same product to millions, technology is already allowing products to be tailored to each user. You can subscribe to news sources that serve up only topics and opinions that fit your fancy. Everything from shoes to steel can be customized to meet individual wishes. 注释:1. voice recognition:语音识别2. rudiments:处于早期或未发展阶段的东西，常用复数形式。如： the rudiments of a plan of action （一个行动计划的雏形）。3. Ask a computer to “ recognize speech.” and it is likely to think you want it to “ wreck It nice beach.”:你要求计算机“识别语音”，而它很可能认为你要它去“毁坏一个美丽的海滩”。这是一个翻译成中文后就无法反映的文字游戏。以较快的语速读“ recognize speech“，其声音效果很像“ wreck a nice”。使用这一文字游戏，旨在说明语音识别技术的难度。4. chat away: 不停地聊。 away:意为“continuously”（连续地），如: It is raining away.雨不停地下着。5. soak it all in:全部理解，这里的意思是 :能没有差错地识别语音，理解意思。6. telephone consoles:电话机座。 console:意为“a cabinet for a radio, television set, or phonograph, designed to stand on the floor” (用来放置收音机、电视机或留声机的机箱或机柜；机座 )。7. boss around:意为“ to give orders to, especially in a domineering manner”(发号施令 )。8. artificial intelligence:人工智能9. huh:语气词：用于表示疑问、吃惊、轻蔑或冷漠等，这里用于疑问。10. power:动词，意为“激励”。11. Gordon Moore：戈登·穆尔，英国英特尔公司创始人之一， Moores Law (穆尔定律)以他的名字命名。穆尔定律即是第三段中他的预言。12. churning out:意为“to produce in an abundant and automatic manner”(大量产出 )，如: He churns out four novels a year.他一年出四本小说。练习:1. The techniques of voice recognition 第一段第一句，第二句 A. are mature enough for extensive use. B. are in its initial stage of development. C. will aid people to chat through computers. D. will assist people to recognize each others voice.2. According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligence, 第二段第二句 A. machines can be our agents us they understand our thoughts. B. machines will give orders to smarter machines they build. C. machines will not need us any more. D. machines will be intelligent enough to boss around.3. Whats the best description of Gordon Moores law as mentioned in the third paragraph? 第三段第一句和第三句 A. It motivates the development of the digital world. B. Bill Gates rules the digital world with the law. 不是直接关系 C. It enables computing power to become free. 不是直接关系 D. It helps the development of the bandwidth. 不是直接关系4. What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph? A. Compose music and make it available to the world. B. Make films and charge for it. C. Write books and sell them. D. All of the above.5. Which of the following statements is true of a personalized market? 最后一段第二句 A. The personalized market tends to be replaced by the mass market. B. The same product is distributed to millions of users. C. In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer. D. Individuals can control centralized factories and studios.答案与解释 : 1. B 第一段的第一句、第二句提供了答案。 A不是正确选项，因为根据整篇文章，尤其是第一段的内容，语音识别技术虽然处于初始阶段，但在十年左右的时间里，这种技术将得到广泛应用。语音技术使人们得以和机器对话，所以 C和 D都是错误的选项。2. A第二段的第二句提供了答案。该段昀后一句的意思是 : (这样的智能机器是很有用的 )除非发展到他们不再需要我们人类，并且开始制造他们能够指使的更聪明的机器。这个句子表达的是人们不愿看到的情景，并不是人工智能的必然结果。所以，不能选择 C、D。3. A第三段的第一句和该段第三句告诉我们，穆尔定律一直激励着电子时代的发展，而且将在今后的几十年里继续推动宽带的发展空间。所以 A是昀佳选项。 B、C和 D表达的内容虽然与穆尔定律有一定的关系，但不是直接的关系。4. D该段表述的意思是 :数字电子技术的未来将不但能提供人们所需要的所有内容，而且人们能够（创造和销售任何形式的内容。所以 D是正确的选项。5. C昀后一段的第二句提供了答案。译文：数码王国数码王国的下一个大发展将是语音识别系统。这个系统的雏形已经形成，但仅仅是个最原始的形态。冲着电脑讲：“识别语音”，很可能出现的后果是电脑会认为你要它去“毁坏一个美丽的海滩”。但时下多年后我们就能不停的冲着电脑聊下去，而它也能完全理解我们的意思。当我们能与电脑芯片对话时，它就会深深的影响着我们的生活。不仅仅是电脑，我们甚至能与自动交通系统、电话座机、浏览器和恒温器、大屏幕、微波设备，还有别的我们需要发布命令的机器聊天。 这将会为我们打开一下个数码纪元的大门：人工智能。随着我们每天不断地向机器人提供各种想法