2022年压力机液压系统.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci denti i nvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistsche ck,cl eartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedif目 录一 液压系统原理设计 11 工况分析 1 2 拟定液压系统原理图 4 二 液压缸的设计与运算 6 1 液压缸主要尺寸的确定 6 2 液压缸的设计 7 三 液压系统运算与挑选液压元件 101 运算在各工作阶段液压缸所需的流量 10 2 确定液压泵的流量 , 压力和挑选泵的规格 10 3 液压阀的挑选 12 4 确定管道尺寸 2 液压缸的设计 12 5 液压油箱容积的确定 12 6 液压系统的验算 12 7 系统的温升验算 15 8 联接螺栓强度运算 16 四 设计心得 17 五 参考文献 17 ficulties,shall consistofmini ngorganizationstosolve probl ems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsa ndbusine ssriskst hatmustbeaddresse dint heDe partment.2,open-pitmine unsafetypesi ncl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasti ng,fire,a ndothersl ope.3,a ccordingt othesev erityoftheha zardfille dinbyunittroubl eshooti ng,registra tionformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci denti i nvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistsche ck,cl eartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedif一 液压系统原理设计1 工况分析设计一台小型液压压力机的液压系统,要求实现：快速空程下行慢速加压保 压 快 速 回 程 停 止 工 作 循 环 ； 快 速 往 返 速 度 为 3m/min , 加 压 速 度 为40-250mm/min,压制力为 N,运动部件总重力为 垂直安装,设计压力机的液压传动系统；液压缸所受外负载 F 包括五种类型,即：25000N,工作行程 400mm,油缸F= F压 + F磨 +F惯+F密+G式中：F 压- 工作负载,对于液压机来说,即为压制力；F惯- 运动部件速度变化时的惯性负载；F磨- 导轨摩擦阻力负载,启动时为静摩擦阻力；液压缸垂直安装,摩擦力 相对于运动部件自重,可忽视不计；F密- 由于液压缸密封所造成的运动阻力；G- 运动部件自重；液压缸各种外负载值1 工作负载：液压机压制力 F 压=N 2 惯性负载：F惯GV25000.325510.20Ngt9 .8033 运动部件自重：G=25000N 4 密封阻力 F密=0.1F F 为总的负载 5 摩擦力 液压缸垂直安装,摩擦力较小,可忽视不计；ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif依据上述运算结果,列出各工作阶段所受的外负载；工作循环各阶段外负载表工况运算公式液压缸的负载启动阶段：F 启=F密+F惯-GF 启F 惯9G25510.2025000566.89N0 .0.9加速阶段：F 加=F密+F惯-GF加F惯.9G25510.2025000566. 89N00.9快进阶段：F快=F密-GF 工F快0.9G22500NF 压9G300000.925000305555. 56N工进阶段：F工=F密+F压-G0 .0快退阶段：F退=F密+GF 退G2500027777. 78N0.90.9依据给定要求与外负载表绘制速度循环图与负载循环图：速度循环图：ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci denti i nvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistsche ck,cl eartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedifV mm/s 50 0.674.17 Lmm 400 50 负载循环图：ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifFN 566 22500 400 Lmm 2 拟定液压系统原理图1 确定供油方式：考虑到该压力机在工作进给时需要承担较大的工作压力,系统功率较大,速度较底；而在快进 , 快退时负载较小,速度较快；从节能,削减发热,系统结构,效率,工作压力等方面考虑,泵源系统宜选用轴向柱塞泵；2 调速方式的挑选：在小型压力机液压系统中,进给速度的掌握一般采纳节流阀或者调速阀；在本系统中选用回油节流调速,3速度切换方式的挑选：系统采纳由电磁阀掌握的快慢速换接回路,它的结构简洁,调剂行程比较便利,阀的安装也较简洁,但速度换接的平稳性较差；如要提高系统的速度换ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci denti i nvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistsche ck,cl eartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedif接平稳性,可改用由行程阀切换速度的换接回路；液压系统原理图：二 液压缸的设计与运算1 液压缸主要尺寸的确定工作压力 p 的确定：工作压力 p 可依据负载大小及机器类型初步确定, 先查表取液压缸工作 压力为25MPa. 机床农业机械或中液压机、重型机设备类型磨床组合机龙门刨械、起重运输机拉床型工程机械床床械工作压力 PMPa0.835 28 810 1016 2032 2.0 液压缸缸筒内径 D 和液压缸活塞杆外径d 的确定：由液压缸缸筒内径（缸径）尺寸系列表查得 D=160mm；活塞直径 d,按 d/D=0.7, d=112mm；由液压缸活塞杆外径（杆径）尺寸系列表,取 d=125mm；由此求得液压缸的实际有效面积为：A 2D2A 1d2D20.0 .1620.0.2 0201 mm24416212520. 007844初步运算液压缸最大工作压力：ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationformseeattPnF305555.5615. 20MPaA 10.0201名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif按最低工进速度验算液压缸的最小稳固速度,由式AQ min.013 10L2 25 cmvmin4式中 Qmin 是调速阀的最小稳固流量为0.1min不等式满意,故液压缸能够达到所需稳固工进速度；液压缸缸筒内径（缸径）尺寸系列（GB2348-80） mm 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 （90）100 （110）125 （140）160 （180）200 （220）250 280 360 450 320 400 500 依据设备的类型有表2-1 初选工作压力 P=25MPa2 液压缸内径 D 和活塞杆 d 的确定：前面的运算以得出 D=16cm, d=12.5cm 3 液压缸壁厚的确定和外径的确定：a. 起重运输机械的液压缸,一般采纳无缝钢管制造,无缝钢管大多属于薄 壁圆筒结构,其壁厚按薄壁圆筒公式运算：p y D 2 式中：液压缸壁厚 m D液压缸的内径 m py试验压力,一般取最大工作压力的 1.251.5倍 缸筒材料的许用应力；其值为：锻钢： =110120MPa；ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci denti i nvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistsche ck,cl eartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedif铸钢： =100110MPa；无缝钢管： =100120MPa；高强度铸铁： =60MPa；灰铸铁： =25MPa；py1.5p n15.16. 5824.87MPa现取 =100MPa：查无缝钢管标准系列取43324.8716019.90mm210020 mm；t.00 . 1624 . 876 100 . 16100 0 . 160 . 035 t 39 . 09 mm式中：t缸盖有效厚度 m；D2液压缸缸盖的止口直径 m；d0缸盖孔直径；6最小导向长度的确定：最小导向长度是指从活塞支撑面到缸盖滑动轴承支撑面中点的距离,假如导向长度过小,将使液压缸的初始绕度增大影响液压缸的稳固性；对一般液压缸,要求最小导向长度H 应满意以下要求：HlD202式中：l液压缸的最大行程；D液压缸的内径；HlD400160100mm202202活塞宽度 B 一般取 B=0.61.0D,ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationformseeatt名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingi sdivi dedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifB=96160mm,现取 B=130mm；缸盖的滑动支撑面的长度A,依据液压缸内径D 而确定,当 D<80mm时,取 A=0.61.0D,当 D>80mm时,取 A=0.61.0d,由于 D=160mm>80mm,故 A=0.61.0d=75125mm,现取 A=90mm；A2B13090110mmH2可满意导向要求；三 液压系统运算与挑选液压元件1 运算在各工作阶段液压缸所需的流量Q 快进14d2v40 .1252336. 80L/min23.49L/minQ工进4D2 v40.1620.255 .02L/minQ工进24D2v40 .1620.040.80L/minQ快退4D2d2v40.1620.125232 确定液压泵的流量 , 压力和挑选泵的规格1 泵的压力的确定：考虑到正常工作中进油路有肯定的压力缺失p pp 1p式中：pp液压泵最大工作压力；P1 执行元件最大工作压力；, 所以泵的工作压力为p 进油管路中的压力缺失 , 初算时简洁系统可取ngorganizationstosolve0.8MPa；:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationformseeattficulties,shallconsistofminiprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddress