GRE作文写作题库-所有244道Issue题目的写作提纲.doc

|GRE 写作 Issue 问题题库分析与提纲第一类 社会2. “Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society.“ 归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.1. Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.2. In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete for power, the public benefits.3. Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of mores and laws, society will suffer.竞争对于社会的优点和缺点- 3. “It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.“与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.1. Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them.2. However, what differentiates human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.3. Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations.当务之急和百年大计的关系-9. “Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.“ 近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。除非学者们能拥有影响到大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。 The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society.1. It is true that academic disciplines have become so specialized nowadays that some scholars seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience.2. It is also true that social scientists failing to reach the large public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society.3. Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.过分专业化问题 overspecialization -15. “The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior.“ 一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。It is true that how a society copes with the extremes of human behavior largely determines the societys stability.1. The extremes of human behavior-such as violence or strikes-usually dictate grave social troubles.2. One solution to these social problems is suppressing, which proves effective in the short run and counterproductive in the long run.3. The most effective way of responding to such problems is constructive communication and sometimes compromise. 抽象型题目 - 16. “Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.“ 尽管许多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。 Agree1. Consider first the effect of the automobile on our independence as individuals. In some respects the automobile serves to enhance such independence.2. However, we have become slaves to the automobile.3. Consider next the overall impact of the automobile on our strength as individuals, by which I mean strength of character, or mettle.4. In contrast, there is a certain strength of character that comes with eschewing modern conveniences such as cars, and with the knowledge that one is contributing to a cleaner and quieter environment, a safer neighborhood, and arguably a more genteel society. 社会和个人之发展问题 - 17. “There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.“ 有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。 Disagree:1. First, whether a law is just or unjust is rarely a straightforward issue. The fairness of any law depends on ones personal value system.2. The fairness of a law also depends on ones personal interest, or stake, in the legal issue at hand.3. Disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite effect of what was intended or hoped for.4. By justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior, including egregious criminal conduct.社会和个人之法律公正么？ - 19. “If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens.“ 如果一个社会要繁荣就必须将社会整体的成败置于单个社会成员的幸福之上。 Disagree1. The society is made up of individual citizens; therefore, the development of individual citizens is crucial for the development of the whole society.2. A society that ignores the well being of individual citizens is bound to end up in social turmoil or revolution.少数和多数之成功 -|20. “National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults.“ 任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的社会项目和服务。 1. No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation that lies the future of our society.2. Therefore, we should attach enough importance to the development of children.3. However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests of adults, who make up the major work force of our society.孩子和成人之社会建设 -22. “Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals.“ 很多人认为只是一些个人或者小团体（比如家庭、朋友、老师、名人）促成了他们的思维和行动。其实一直以来不是一些个人而是社会作为一个整体在定义我们和我们的态度。 1. Individuals and small groups also change our attitudes and minds to a large extent.2. Everyone influencing us is also influenced the society.3. Internet is playing an ever more significant role in influencing peoples attitude and values.少数和多数之定义人生 - 23. “Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.“ 现代技术使获得大量细节信息成为可能。其结果是人们全神贯注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的问题和全局。 1. Access to great deal of information help people get a wider view of an issue, thus help them prevent being limited in thoughts.2. Technology helps us pay more attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.3. To prevent preoccupation by fragmented information, people should hold right view on information, not to assimilate all, but to percolate relevant ones from those needing only a glance.少数和多数之细节信息 - 29. “Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.“ 像演员、政治家和运动员这样的公众人物应该预料到大众会对他们的私生活感兴趣。当他们希望受人瞩目的时候就应该至少预期到会失去一些隐私（被大众得知一些隐私）。 Agree:1. Intense media attention to the lives of public figures raises a presumption in the collective mind of the viewing or reading public that our public figures lives are far more interesting than our own.2. The media consist of large corporations whose chief objective is to maximize shareholder profit. In pursuit of that objective, the media are simply giving the public what they demanda voyeuristic look into the private lives of public figures.3. Nevertheless, the statement should be qualified in that a political figure has reason to expect privacy than other public figures.少数和多数之公众人物的隐私 -33. “Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image.“ 在当代社会，打造一个引人入胜的外表已经变得比外表下的内容更加重要了。 I agree that image has become a more central concern, at least where short-term business or political success is at stake. Nevertheless, I think that in the longer term image ultimately yields to substance and fact.1. The important role of image is particularly evident in the business world.2. The growing significance of image is also evident in the political realm, particularly when it comes to presidential politics.3. In the long terms, however, the significance of image wanes considerably.外表和内容 -36. “The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.“ 一个人是否伟大是由后人评定的而非他同时代的人。 1. We do not require a rear-view mirror to recognize artistic greatness whether in music, visual arts, or literature. The reason for this is simple: art can be judged at face value.2. In contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness without the benefit of historical perspective.3. In the realm of business, in some cases great achievement is recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not.时间先后 -40. “Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.“ 我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。 Agree:1. Who is to decide which areas of academic inquiry are worthwhile? Scholars cannot be left to decide; nor can regulators and legislators.2. Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel.3. Thirdly, it is “idiosyncratic” and ”unusual” avenues of inquiry that lead to greatest contributions to society.少数和多数之科学家 - 41. “Such non-mainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.“ 研究界的一些非主流领域，比如星象学、占卜术和意念及超自然探索，在社会中起到了很重要的作用，因为它们满足了人们无法从主流科学获得的需求。 |1. Admittedly, these non-mainstream areas of inquiry address certain human needs, which mainstream science and other areas of intellectual inquiry inherently cannot.2. However, because these pursuits are not rooted in reason, they are favorite pastimes of charlatans and others who seek to prey on dupes.3. Furthermore, without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas and even delusions.少数和多数之非主流学科 -46. “While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.“ 政府、体育界、工业界和其他领域中的一些领导者将他们的成功归因于一种高度的竞争意识，然而一个社会还是应该更好的为那些即将成为领导者的年轻人灌输一种合作的意识。 Agree1. The chief reason why we should stress cooperation in nurturing young people today is that, as tomorrows leaders, they will face pressing societal problems that simply cannot be solved apart from cooperative international efforts.2. The second compelling reason for instilling in young people a sense of cooperation over competition is that effective leadership depends less on the latter than the former.3. A third reason why instilling a sense of cooperation is to be preferred over instilling a sense of competition is that the latter serves to narrow a leaders focus on thwarting the efforts of competitors. - 47. “Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.“ 社会对于理性还是重视不够，比如推理和认知的能力。 While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feelings, on balance I agree that it is by way of our heads rather than our hearts that we can best ensure the well-being of our society.1. I concede that undue emphasis on cultivating the intellect at the expense of healthy emotions can harm and individual psychologically.2. In many other respects, however, emphasizing emotions and de-emphasizing intellect can carry negative, even dangerous, consequences for any society.3. The dangers of a de-emphasis on intellect are all too evident in contemporary America.独立题目 -58. “The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.“ 现代生活越来越快的节奏弊多利少。 Agree1. The rapid pace of life has resulted in health problems in unprecedented large numbers.2. Although people today have more leisure time, they are not in a better position than their ancestors to enjoy themselves.3. More unfortunately, people seem to have become addicted to the rapid pace of modern life.利多弊少题型 -61. “High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.“ 最高荣誉比如诺贝尔奖实际上是在损害社会，因为这种奖项在暗示只有少数人才配得上这样的荣誉。 The fact that only a few people deserve high-profile awards is insufficient evidence to suggest that such awards are damaging to society.1. Undoubtedly, high-profile awards suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.2. What is significant is that high-profile awards point out the right directions in which all individuals in particular fields should make efforts.3. To make sure that high-profile awards serve the right purpose of society, it is imperative that the rules of the awards be fair and strictly adhered to.少数和多数，精英和大众 -65. “People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups.“ 人们被社会鼓励而将注意力集中于显而易见的差异上，以至于人们已经无法看到各种理念、个人和群体之间的有意义的相似。 People in different cultural environments would respond differently to this statement.1. On the one hand, western cultures tend to focus on differences among ideas, individuals and groups.2. The danger of traditional societies, on the other hand, is to ignore differences forcing individuals and groups to conform to one authority.3. A healthy attitude is to be sensitive to both differences and similarities.统一和差异 - 70. “In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.“ 在任何领域中-商业、政治、教育、政府- 掌权者应该在五年后就让位。这是任何机构获得成功的最好的方式：通过更新领导者而保持活力。 Limiting the term of leadership is an effective way to prevent corruption and lack of initiatives.1. When leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power.2. A new leadership usually has greater initiative and would bring in new ideas.3. However, in certain realms such as business it might not be so necessary to limit the term of leadership.4. Furthermore, new leaders often lack the necessary skill and experience to cope with existing problems; therefore, they need a period of time for adaptation.新手和老手 -