高一第一模块第一单元单词讲解.doc

高一第一模块第一单元单词讲解enjoyableenjoyable /ndbl/adj. 愉快的,快乐的, 有乐趣的, 使人快乐的, 令人愉快的;adv. 愉快地,快乐地;We had a most enjoyable evening.我们度过了一个非常愉快的夜晚。assemblyassembly /sembli/n. 集会, 集合; 集合的人们,(统称)集会者;立法机构, 议会;装配, 组装,总成;(全校师生的)晨会,朝会;【机械学】(供装配的)零件,部件,组(合)件,配件;总成,组合体;【计算机】 汇编,编译;【军事】1). 集合,集结 2). 集合号,集合鼓;The National Assembly hashave discussed the crisis.国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。headmasterheadmaster /hedm:st/n. 私立学校的男校长;(尤指私立学校的)校长;The headmaster is marking the papers.校长正给考卷评分数。earnearn /:n/vt. & vi. 赚得; 挣钱;生(利);获(利);vt. 获得, 博得;使得到, 使获得, 使值得;He is paid less than he really earns.与他真正该赚得的相比, 他的待遇是太少了。Her remark earned a laugh from her husband.她的话赢得她丈夫的一笑。If you grant my request, you will earn my thanks.如果你答应我的要求, 就会得到我的感谢。EARNabbr. European academic research network 欧洲学术研究网络;respectrespect /rispekt/vt. 尊重, 敬佩;慎重对待;谨慎从事;尊重;遵守;不损害;不违背;尊敬;仰慕;关心;考虑;关于;涉及;n. 尊敬, 尊重;考虑, 关心, 顾虑;细节, 方面;敬意, 问候;服从;关联;关系;Please respect yourself.请尊重你自己。 The terms of the agreement respect the boundary line between the two countries.协议的条款涉及两国间的边界线。The new teacher soon won the respect of his students.这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。We must have respect to the needs of the general readers.我们必须考虑一般读者的需要。The plan is faulty in every respect.无论从哪个方面来看这项计划都不完善。Please send them my respects when you write.你写信的时候请代我向他们致意。devotedevote /divut/vt. 献身;致力;专心;We should devote everything we have.我们应该奉献我们的一切。literatureliterature /litrit/n. 文学, 文学作品;文献, 图书资料;He was an expert on ancient Chinese astronomical literature.他是研究中国古代天文学文献的专家。averageaverage /ævrid/adj. 平均的;平常的, 普通的, 一般的;典型的;正常的;(价值、比率等的)平均数的,平均值的;中等的;通常的,平常的;普通的,一般的;n. 平均; 平均数;平均水平;一般水准;平均估价;平均近似值;(速度等的)平均率;中等水平;中等,普通;vt. 求的平均数,计算出的平均数;平均为;对做出总的评价(或评估);按比例(或平均)分配(利润等),均分(利益等);平均分担(损失等);使达到平衡;link-v. 平均为, 平均达;vi. 【商业】(为得到更好的平均价格而)买进或卖出;(颜色)呈中间色;There was nothing special about the meal; it was average.饭菜没什么特别, 挺平常的。An average of 1500 persons pass here every day.每天平均有1500个人经过此地。If you average 4, 5 and 9, you get 6.如果你求4, 5和9的平均数, 得6。The attendants at the festival was averaged at about one hundred persons.参加节庆的人大约有百人之众。They averaged the loss among themselves.他们平均分担损失。The rainfall averages 1000mm a year.年平均降雨量为1000毫米。strugglestruggle /strl/vi. 搏斗; 奋斗; 努力;争取;1 艰难地行进;吃力地进行 2 斗争;抗争 3 搏斗;扭打;挣扎脱身 4 争夺;辩论;n. 打斗, 搏斗, 扭打,抢夺,挣扎脱身,战斗, 斗争;努力, 奋斗;The bandit struggled desperately.那匪徒拼命挣扎。Three people were hurt in the struggle.有三人在搏斗中受了伤。It was a hard struggle to get my work done in time.为使工作按时完成, 我做了一番努力。challengingchallenging /tælnd/adj. 富有挑战性的;需要充分发挥能力的;困难而有趣的,具有刺激性的;挑战性的;考验能力的;挑起争论的;不赞同的;She performed the most challenging task without a mistake.她毫无差错地完成了这一最富有挑战性的任务。challenge /tælind/n. 挑战, 邀请比赛;怀疑, 质问;艰巨的任务;(警卫等)查问口令;盘问;要求;需要;鞭策;【法律】(对陪审员的出庭等提出的)反对;【医学】激发(指注入抗原以激发免疫应答);vt. 挑战;质疑;考验;【军事】向查问口令;盘问;要求说明原因;对质疑;反对;指责;驳斥;否认;对构成考验;激励,鞭策;促使;要求;需要;【法律】对陪审员的合法性表示反对;vi. 提出挑战;要求竞赛(或竞争);I did not think he was right, so I challenged him.我认为他是不对的, 因此向他提出质疑。The job doesn't really challenge him.这项工作不能真正地考验他。The guard at the gate challenged anyone approaching the building.门卫向走近大楼的每个人进行盘问。The value of this exercise is that it challenges the students to express themselves freely.这项练习的价值在于它能促使学生自由地表达自己的思想。 Preventing fires is a problem that challenges everyone's attention.防火是需要大家都注意的一个问题。The attorney for the defense challenged the juror.被告辩护律师不同意这位陪审员。He is challenging for the coach in the Football Club.他正在竞选,争当足球俱乐部的教练。encouragementencouragement /enk:rdmnt, -kr-,nkrdmnt/n. 鼓励;支持(的事物);激励;促进(的事物);起激励作用的事物;Getting the support of the Queen was a great encouragement to those involved in the project.对这项工程的参与者来说,女王的支持是莫大的鼓舞。cookingcooking /kk/n. 烹饪术, 烹饪;如火如荼地进行;热火朝天;在干什么;怎么;I have little knowledge of cooking.我几乎不懂烹饪技术。Business may have been a little slow at first, but now were cooking with gas!一开始也许生意不大景气, 不过我们现在卻红红火火!Whats cooking in here? You all look very guilty!这儿是怎么回事?你们一个个都鬼鬼祟祟的!cook /kuk/vt. & vi. 烹调, 煮, 烧;编造; 篡改;密谋;秘密策划;n. 做饭的人, 厨师;Meat cooks more slowly than vegetables.肉比菜熟得慢。He is quite capable of cooking the evidence.编造这个证据足以证明他很有才能。My mother is a terrific cook!我母亲饭做得好极了!Cookn. 英格兰人姓氏 库克。职业名称,来源于古英语,含义是“厨师”(cook);extraextraadj. 额外的, 附加的,外加的,追加的;另外的;特别的;特大的,特佳的,上好的;n. 另外收费的事物;【电影、电视】(拍摄群众场面时雇来的)临时演员,雇作配角的人;常用于复数额外开支,额外费用,外加费用,另外的收费;额外津贴;临时工;额外人手;adv. 特别地, 非常;另外;额外地;过度地;过量地;The ship was loaded down with extra cargo.船上又额外加装了货物。At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.在这家旅店, 热水浴另外收费。We need a thousand extras for big crowd scene.在拍摄群众大场面时, 我们需要上千名临时演员。He bought an extra large cake.他买了一块非常大的蛋糕。EXTRAabbr. exponentially tapered reactive antenna 指数锥削形电抗天线;fondfondadj. 喜欢的, 喜爱的;多情的, 温柔的;溺爱的, 痴情的;盲目轻信的;(指希望)难以实现的;痴想的;I'm fond of pop music.我喜欢流行音乐。She may appear severe toward her children but she is a fond mother at heart.她表面上对孩子的态度很严厉, 实际上是一位慈祥的妈妈。A fond mother may spoil her child.一个溺爱孩子的母亲会把孩子宠坏。She's waiting patiently in the fond belief he'll come back to her.她在耐心等待, 痴情地相信他会回到她身边。FONDabbr. fully overlapped nitride-etch defined process 全交叠氮化物蚀刻限定工艺;SpanishSpanish /spæn/adj. 西班牙的,西班牙人的,西班牙语的;n. 西班牙语;a claimant to the vacant Spanish throne声称对空缺的西班牙王位拥有继承权者French is a sister language of Spanish.法语是西班牙语的姐妹语。sculpturesculpture /sklpt/n. 雕刻, 雕塑,雕像;雕刻品; 雕刻术;雕塑术;vt. & vi. 雕刻, 雕塑;His sculpture of a horse won first prize.他雕塑的一匹马获得一等奖。dessertdessert /diz:t,dzt/n. (餐后)甜食, 甜点;We had ice cream for dessert.我们餐后吃的甜点是冰淇淋。Dessertn. 人名 德瑟特;look backv. 回顾,倒退;回顾,追忆;look /luk/vt. & vi. 看, 瞧;vi. 面向, 朝向;寻找;寻求;注意;留心;留神;与外表相似;好像;仿佛;看起来好像;似乎有可能;面向;正对;朝向;link-v. 看来, 显得;看起来好像,似乎,显得;n. 看, 瞥;眼神;表情;神情;神色;脸色;(尤指吸引人的)相貌,容貌,美貌; 查找;样子;外观;相貌;外表;时尚;式样;风格;interj. (插话或唤起注意)喂,听我说;Look whether the postman has been yet.去看看邮递员来过没有。The house looks south.这栋房子面朝南。He looks an honest man.看来他像个诚实的人。I took a close look at her photo.我仔细地看了一下她的照片。She assumed a look of innocence.她装出一副天真无邪的样子。She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence.她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。Lookn. 英格兰人姓氏 卢克。Lucas的变体;satisfactionsatisfaction /sætisfækn/n. 满意, 满足, 实现, 欣慰, 令人满意(或欣慰)的事;(抗议、投诉等的)妥善处理;(债务的)清偿;(伤害的)赔偿;(需要或欲望的)满足,达到;She laughed her satisfaction.她以笑表示满意。surfsurf /s:f/n. 拍岸浪花;vi. 滑浪, 作冲浪运动;(互联网上)冲浪,漫游,浏览;They threw off their clothes and ran into the surf.他们脱掉衣服奔向海浪。If the waves are big enough, we'll go surfing.如果海浪大, 我们就去冲浪。Surfn. 人名 瑟夫;SURFabbr. selective ultraviolet radiation fractionation 选择性紫外线辐射分级;support of user records and files 用户记录与文档支援;surfactant 表面活性剂;synchrotron ultraviolet radiation facility 同步(加速器)紫外辐射设备;SuRFabbr. subtracted RNA fingerprinting 减影核糖核酸酶解图谱法;减影核糖核酸指纹技术;academicacademic /ækdemik/adj. 学校的, 学院的;学术性的;纯理论的, 不切实际的;(高等教育)教学的,教务的;(中等教育)学理的,(英语、外语、历史、经济学、数学等)普通文化课的,文科的;文学的;基础理论的;非技术(或应用)的;学究的;学者派头(或风度)的;博学的;好学的;(尤指小学生)聪明的,颖悟的,天赋高的;学究式的;形式主义的;卖弄学问的,迂腐的;墨守成规的;(艺术等)因袭的,传统的,拘泥刻板的;来自正规教育(尤指高等教育)的;(学术、艺术)协会的,(属于学者、艺术家等)学会的;n. 大学教师; 专业学者;学者,书生;学究,学究式人物;学术界人士;复数(院校的)学术活动;A-柏拉图哲学信奉者;怀疑论者;普通文化课(如读、写、算、科学、历史、地理等基础学科传统课程);The university is composed of five academic schools.整个大学由五个学院组成。They asked for academic freedom.他们要求学术自由。That is merely an academic discussion.那只是一个理论性的讨论。Her husband is a famous academic.她的丈夫是一位著名的学者。Academicabbr. Academic Press 学术出版社;exchangeexchange /iksteind/n. 交换, 互换, 交流, 掉换;兑换, 汇率;(不同国家人或团体之间的)交流,互访;交易所;交谈;对话;争论;交易,贸易;易货贸易;交流;代替;替换,更换,调换,转换;vt. 交换, 互换, 换掉,更换;交流;兑换;交易;交换(尤指房屋或土地买卖的契约);换回,换来,换取; 把换成;用交换;兑换(for);易货贸易,物物交换 (with);【国际象棋】换(子),兑(子);vi. 交换,替换;交易;进行易货贸易,作物物交换;【金融业】(货币)交换,兑换;调换,调换职务(或位置);【军事】调任;adj. (被)交换的,互相交换的,互换的;交流的;兑换的;与票据交换有关的;There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.两国政府间曾多次交换意见。The purpose was to halt the rise in the exchange rate of the Swiss franc.目的在于制止瑞士法郎汇率上涨。You two boys exchange places.你们两个孩子交换一下位置。They exchanged experience at the meeting.他们在会上交流经验。I exchanged the defective tire for a good one.我用一条有毛病的轮胎换一条新的轮胎。I'd like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size.我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。Things exchange for each other according to their cost of production.根据各自的生产成本进行物物交换。 Exchangen. 地名 美国、特立尼达和多巴哥、英国 埃克斯钱吉;formerformer /f:m,fm(r)/adj. 过去的, 在前的, 以前的; 昔日的;前;(两者中)前者的;Some of them bitterly attacked their former friends.他们中有些人恶毒地攻击他们过去的朋友。The former option favours the married man.前一种选择对已婚男子有利graduategraduate /rædjuit/adj. 美毕业了的, 研究生的;有(学士)学位的;n. 英大学毕业生;美毕业生;(已经取得学士学位正在攻读高级学位的)研究生;量筒,量杯,分度器;一量筒(或量杯)的量;vt. & vi. (从)大学毕业, 获得(学士)学位;美(使)毕业;vt. 划分级别;使升级;给(量筒、量杯、尺等)标上刻度,刻度,分度;浓缩(溶液);vi. 渐变,发展;渐渐变为(与into连用);渐渐消逝(与away连用);取得资格(与as连用);She is a graduate nurse.她是护士学院的毕业生。He was a college graduate.他是个大学毕业生。Graduates from our school are working all over the island.我们学校的毕业生在全岛各地工作。He graduated at Oxford.他毕业于牛津大学。It is three years since he graduated.他毕业三年了。The salary scale is graduated so that you get more money each year.工资划分成各个等级,因此职工逐年获得加薪。to graduate the girl from the fourth to the fifth grade使这女孩子从四年级升到五年级 Is this ruler graduated in centimeters?这把尺是厘米刻度的吗? The impression soon graduated away.印象很快就消逝了。He graduated as an engineer.他取得了工程师资格。 fluentfluent /flu:nt/adj. (说话、写作等)熟练的, 流畅的;(说话、写作等)流利的;She is fluent in five languages.她通晓五种语言。My father speaks fluent English.我父亲讲一口流利的英语。paintingpainting /peinti/n. 上油漆; 绘画艺术;(一幅)水彩画, 油画; 作画;绘画;涂漆;刷油漆;The painting looks better at a distance.这幅油画远处看起来好多了。paint /peint/n. 油漆, 涂料;颜料;涂层, 漆层;化妆品;绘画作品;(演员演出时用的)油彩;色彩;装饰;修饰;vt. & vi. 画; 绘画;vt. 在上涂涂料油漆;涂, 搽;描绘, 描述; 往(指甲、嘴唇等上)施化妆品;染(指甲);涂(唇膏);Don't touch the door; the paint is wet.别碰这门, 油漆未干。I left my paints at home.我把颜料忘在家里了。The sulphuric acid ate into the parts of the metal where the coat of paint had peeled.硫酸腐蚀了这块金属上涂层剥落的地方。That girl wears far too much paint.那个女孩妆化得太浓了。The little girl paints nicely in watercolours.小姑娘的水彩画画得很好。When will you paint the wall?你们什么时候粉刷墙?Taking out her lipstick, she began to paint her lips.她拿出口红, 开始往嘴唇上抹。The writer paints a vivid picture of his early life.那位作家生动地描绘了他早年的生活。Paintingn. 人名 佩因廷;donatedonate /duneit/vt. & vi. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠,赠送;献(血); 捐(血);捐献(器官);He donated to cancer research.他捐款支持癌症的研究工作。kindnesskindness /kaindnis/n. 亲切, 仁慈, 好意;友好的行为;Will you have the kindness to hand me that book?请把那本书递给我好吗?I think it would be a kindness to tell him the bad news.我认为告诉他这条坏消息倒是友好的行为。Kindnessn. 人名 坎德尼斯;splendidsplendid /splendid/adj. 极好的;壮丽的; 辉煌的;He got a splendid present for her.他送她一件极好的礼物。The splendid hall dazzled the young man.富丽堂皇的大厅使那年轻人眼花缭乱。independentindependent /ndipendnt/adj. 自主的;有主见的;不相关连的, 无关的;不相干的人所做的(或提供的);公正的;无偏见的; 私营的;独立;无党派的;独立的;Children should be encouraged to be independent thinkers.应该鼓励孩子独立思考。Judges must be independent of political pressure.法官们一定不能受政治压力的影响。makemake use ofv. 使用;利用;make /meik/vt. 做; 制造; 被制造;做出, 制定, 产生;使, 使得;获得, 挣得;总计, 等于;成为, 使成为;到达;准备; 整理;认为; 估计;铺床;造成(破坏、破损等);使出现;引发;使产生;促使;使得;造就;使构成; 迫使;强迫;表现;表示;描绘;选举;挑选;任命;成为;适合;合计;等于;成为总数;是的总和;挣钱;赚钱;估计;计算;(尽力)赶往,到达,达到;使成功;使圆满;vi. 开始; 试图;行进, 趋向;增长起来;尝试;想做;有效果;产生影响;n. 制造, 样式, 牌子, 类型;体格; 气质;(机器、设备等的)品牌,型号;做;制作过程;手工制作工序;结构;样式;造型;产量,制造量;生产额;性情,品质;气质;品格;体格;He'll make a kite for me.他将给我做个风筝。She made no answer.她没作答复。The boy made the baby laugh by making a face at him.那男孩扮鬼脸逗那个婴儿笑。He made 600 pounds last year.他去年赚了600镑。Medical knowledge alone doesn't make a good doctor.单有医学知识并不能成为一个好医生。She'll never make the summit.她永远到不了山顶。He looked at the moon and made the time to be midnight.他看了看月亮, 估计时间是半夜了。She made to cry.她哭起来了。The ship was making towards the pier.船正驶向码头。The snow made fast.雪很快地堆起来了。Courtesy makes for safer driving.礼让有助于更安全驾驶。 This is of Japanese make.这是日本制造的。He has the make of an athlete.他有运动员的体格。MAKEabbr. missile agility/kinematic enhancement 导弹灵活性机动性增强;titletitle /taitl/n. 题目, 标题;称号, 头衔;权益, 权利;冠军;(书刊的)一种,一本;职位名称;职称;(尤指土地或财产的)所有权,所有权凭证,房地契;所有权;权利;【体育】冠军,第一名;【英国国教】圣职就任资格;vt. (给书籍、乐曲等)加标题,定题目;授予称号;用头衔称呼;adj. 标题的,题目的;(选集等中)用作书名的;用作歌集名的;称呼的;头衔的;冠军的,第一名的;【电影、电视】字幕的;片头的;地契的;房契的;dynastydynasty /dainsti/n. 王朝; 朝代;朝;代;(控制权力达几代人的)家族或集团;The dynasty he founded ruled for 700 years.他建立的那个王朝统治达700年。The Daley family is a Chicago political dynasty.戴利家族是一个芝加哥政治贵族。somehowsomehow /smhau/adv. 以某种方式, 用某种方法;由于某种未知的原因;不知为什么;不知怎么地;We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。Somehow we lost our way.不知怎么地我们迷了路。recentrecent /ri:snt/adj. 不久前的, 近来的;新近的;最近的;近代的;Her eyes were red with recent sobbing.她的眼睛因刚哭过而发红。The minister has put a different gloss on recent developments. 部长就局势的最新发展作了另一番解释。Recent全新世;professorprofessor /prfes/n. 教授;(大学的)讲师,教员;The professor adapted his lecture to his audience.教授使他讲的课适合于听众。informinform /inf:m/vt. 告诉, 通知;了解;熟悉;对有影响;通报,报告;inform oneself使了解,使熟悉(常与of连用);使充满,使弥漫(常与with连用);使活跃,使有生气;鼓舞;预示;vi. 检举, 告密;提供资料(或情报、消息等);Can you inform me when to begin our final examination?你能告诉我们什么时候期终考试吗?The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed of the programme's progress.老板要求秘书随时向他报告计划的进展情况。A love of nature informed his writing.在他的著作中充满着对自然的爱。It informs everything that happens after.它预示了后来发生的一切。INFORMabbr. International Reference Organization in Forensic Medicine and Sciences 法医学与法庭辩护学国际咨询组织;openingopening hours图书馆开放时间;书店营业时间;opening /upni/n. 开幕; 开张; 开端;洞, 缺口;空缺, 缺额;良机 开襟;开口;adj. 首次的; 开始的;Many attended the opening of the new sports centre.很多人参加了新体育中心的开始使用典礼。There was an opening in the wall.墙上有个洞。There are no openings for secretaries at the bank at present.现在银行里没有秘书空缺。Many guests were invited to opening ceremony.许多来宾应邀参加了开幕式。open /upn/adj. 开着的; 开放的, 公开的;空旷的; 开阔的;坦率的, 无偏见的;开始营业的; 活动的;(职位等)空缺的;尚未决定的, 悬而未决的; 易受损害;脆弱; 人人皆知的;不保密的;公开的; 思想开明的;不固执己见的; 稀疏的;不密的;展开;开放; 畅通的; 敞口的;未封的; 没扣上的;敞开的; 敞开的;露天的;裸露的; 对大众开放的;公开的;人人可以参加的; (比赛、建筑物等)对特定群体开放; 可得到;可使用; (人的眼睛、嘴等) 张开的;张着的;vt. & vi. (打)开;开始; 开设; 启动,打开(计算机程序或文件); 睁开;n. 户外;野外;旷野; 公开;非秘密;vi. 准备接待;( 故事、电影等) 以开篇;以开头;vt. 着手;开始; 为(建筑物)揭幕;宣布启用; 张开; 让(行人、车辆、货物等)通行;开放;(商店、企业等) 开始营业;开业;开门;The outer door was wide open but the inner one was locked.外面的门大开着而里面的门锁着。An open sea appeared before us.我们前面呈现出广阔的大海。She is a very friendly, open person.她是个非常友好、坦率的人。The bank isn't open yet.那家银行还没有开门营业。Is the teaching vacancy still open?教员职位还有空缺吗?This is an open question at the moment.此刻这还是个悬而未决的问题。The meeting will open the day after tomorrow.这个会议将于后天开幕。OPenabbr. Olympic Peninsula 奥林匹亚半岛;OPENabbr. Olympic public electronic network 奥林匹克公用电子网;open platform exchange network 开放式平台交换网络;optical Pan European network 泛欧光网络;ruaruaabbr. right upper arm 正上臂;Ruan. 地名 巴基斯坦 鲁阿;RUAabbr. rat urinary aeroallergen 大鼠尿气源式变应原;rat urinary allergen 大鼠尿变应原;real unit address 实际设备地址;remote user agent 远程用户代理;resistance of upper airway 上呼吸道阻力;Royal Ulster Academy 阿尔斯特皇家专科院校;hosthost /hust/n. 东道主, 主人;主办人地方, 机构等;(电视等的)节目主持人;(寄生动植物的)寄主,宿主;(成圣体的面饼)祭品,祭饼; (旅店等的)老板;【计算机】主机,宿主机;多路存取计算机;【生物学】(寄生动植物的)寄主,宿主;受体,受移植者;太阳月亮星星,日月星辰;n. 大量, 许多;军队;计主计算机, 主机;vt. 主办,主持(活动);主持(电视或广播节目等);作为主人组织(聚会);做东;(作为主人)款待,招待(客人);主办(宴会、招待会等);vi. 做主人,做东道主;Who will be the host for tonight's program?谁是今晚的节目主持人?The host attacked the city unexpectedly.军队突袭了那座城市。I've heard Williams will host