翻译亲属教案.ppt

翻译亲属 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望英语亲属词系统相对简单，分列如下：英语亲属词系统相对简单，分列如下：1.great-grandparent：great-grandfather,great-grandmother2.grandparent：grandfather，grandmother；granduncle，grandaunt3.parent：father，mother4.uncle and aunt：uncle，aunt5.parent-in-law：father-in-law，mother-in-law6.spouse：husband，wife7.sibling：brother，sister8.cousin：cousin9.offspring：child，son，daughter-in-law，son-in-law，daughter10.nephew and niece：nephew，niece11.grandchild：grandson,granddaughter12.great-grandchild：great-grandson，great-granddaughter汉语亲属词系统，涉及书面语和口语，高雅汉语亲属词系统，涉及书面语和口语，高雅和粗俗说法，正式和亲昵称呼，远比英语亲和粗俗说法，正式和亲昵称呼，远比英语亲属词系统复杂，现将二者比较，分述如下属词系统复杂，现将二者比较，分述如下:1.曾祖曾祖 great-grandparent曾祖父、太爷、老爷爷曾祖父、太爷、老爷爷great-grandfather曾祖母、太婆、老奶奶曾祖母、太婆、老奶奶 great-grandmother2.祖父母祖父母 paternal grandparent祖父、爷爷祖父、爷爷 fathers father；paternal grandfather祖母、奶奶祖母、奶奶 fathers mother；paternal grandmother3.叔伯祖叔伯祖 paternal granduncle伯祖父、伯公伯祖父、伯公 paternal grandfathers elder brother伯祖母、伯婆伯祖母、伯婆 paternal grandfathers elder brothers wife叔祖父、叔公叔祖父、叔公 paternal grandfathers younger brother叔祖母、叔婆叔祖母、叔婆 paternal grandfathers younger brothers wife 4.外祖父母外祖父母 maternal grandparent外祖父、外公、姥爷外祖父、外公、姥爷 mothers father；maternal grandfather外祖母、外婆、姥姥外祖母、外婆、姥姥 mothers mother;maternal grandmother5.父母父母parent：父母、爹娘、爹妈、双亲、二老父母、爹娘、爹妈、双亲、二老parents;父亲、父、大大、大、爹爹、爹、老爹、父亲、父、大大、大、爹爹、爹、老爹、阿爹、爸爸、爸、阿爸阿爹、爸爸、爸、阿爸 father/male parent亲父、亲爹亲父、亲爹 ones own father/natural father继父、异父、后爹、后爸继父、异父、后爹、后爸 step father养父、寄父养父、寄父 adoptive father义父、干爹、干爸义父、干爹、干爸 foster father先父、先考、显考先父、先考、显考 late father/deceased father教父教父 god-father母亲、母、阿母、娘、老娘、阿娘、妈妈、母亲、母、阿母、娘、老娘、阿娘、妈妈、妈、阿妈妈、阿妈 mother/parent亲母、亲娘、亲妈亲母、亲娘、亲妈 ones own mother/natural mother庶母、妾母、姨娘庶母、妾母、姨娘 fathers concubine继母、异母、后娘、后妈继母、异母、后娘、后妈 step mother养母、寄母养母、寄母 adoptive mother义母、干娘、干妈义母、干娘、干妈 foster mother先母、先妣、显妣先母、先妣、显妣 late mother/deceased mother教母教母 god mother6.叔伯舅姑姨母叔伯舅姑姨母uncle伯父、伯伯、大伯、大爷伯父、伯伯、大伯、大爷 fathers elder brother；paternal uncle伯母、大妈、大娘伯母、大妈、大娘 fathers elder brothers wife叔父、叔叔叔父、叔叔 fathers younger brother；paternal uncle叔母、婶母、婶娘、婶婶、婶子、婶儿叔母、婶母、婶娘、婶婶、婶子、婶儿fathers younger brothers wife；姑父、姑夫、姑丈姑父、姑夫、姑丈 fathers sisters husband；姑母、姑姑、姑、姑妈姑母、姑姑、姑、姑妈 fathers sister；paternal aunt；舅父、舅舅、舅、阿舅舅父、舅舅、舅、阿舅 mothers brother；maternal uncle；舅母、舅妈、舅娘舅母、舅妈、舅娘 mothers brothers wife姨父、姨夫姨父、姨夫mothers sisters husband姨母、姨妈、姨、姨娘、阿姨姨母、姨妈、姨、姨娘、阿姨mothers sister；maternal aunt 7.岳父母岳父母 parent-in-law岳父、岳丈、丈人岳父、岳丈、丈人wifes father；father-in-law；岳母、丈母、丈母娘岳母、丈母、丈母娘wifes mother;mother-in-law；公公、公爹公公、公爹 husbands father；father-in-law；婆婆、婆母婆婆、婆母 husbands mother；mother-in-law8.配偶配偶spouse：夫妻、夫妇、伉俪夫妻、夫妇、伉俪husband and wife；couple；小两口小两口young couple；老两口、老夫老妻老两口、老夫老妻old couple新婚夫妻新婚夫妻newly married couple丈夫、夫、夫婿、女婿、爱人、对象、男丈夫、夫、夫婿、女婿、爱人、对象、男人、男的、先生、汉子、老公、外子、掌人、男的、先生、汉子、老公、外子、掌柜的、当家的、孩子他爸、孩子他爹、老柜的、当家的、孩子他爸、孩子他爹、老伴儿、老头子、爷们儿伴儿、老头子、爷们儿 husband；前夫前夫 former husband；ex-husband亡夫亡夫 late husband/deceased husband鳏夫鳏夫 widower未婚夫未婚夫 fiance妻子、妻、爱人、对象、女人、女的、夫妻子、妻、爱人、对象、女人、女的、夫人、太太、老婆、婆娘、内子、内掌柜的、人、太太、老婆、婆娘、内子、内掌柜的、女掌柜的、女当家的、家里的、屋里的、女掌柜的、女当家的、家里的、屋里的、孩子他妈、孩子他娘、老伴儿、老婆子、孩子他妈、孩子他娘、老伴儿、老婆子、娘们儿、娘子、媳妇儿、内助娘们儿、娘子、媳妇儿、内助 wife；前妻前妻 former wife；ex-wife亡妻亡妻 late wife/deceased wife寡妇、遗孀寡妇、遗孀 widow未婚妻未婚妻 fiancee大老婆、正房大老婆、正房 legal wife妾、小老婆、偏房、姨太太妾、小老婆、偏房、姨太太 concubine9 兄弟姐妹兄弟姐妹 sibling：兄长、兄、哥哥、哥、阿哥兄长、兄、哥哥、哥、阿哥elder brother嫂嫂、嫂子嫂嫂、嫂子 elder brothers wife兄弟、弟弟、弟、阿弟兄弟、弟弟、弟、阿弟 younger brother弟媳、弟妹弟媳、弟妹 younger brothers wife姐姐、姐、阿姐、姊姊、阿姊姐姐、姐、阿姐、姊姊、阿姊 elder sister 姐夫、姐丈姐夫、姐丈 elder sisters husband妹妹、妹、妹子、阿妹妹妹、妹、妹子、阿妹 younger sister妹夫、妹丈妹夫、妹丈 younger sisters husband胞兄、亲兄胞兄、亲兄 blood elder brother胞弟、亲弟胞弟、亲弟 blood younger brother胞姐、亲姐胞姐、亲姐 blood elder sister胞妹、亲妹胞妹、亲妹 blood younger sister孪生兄弟孪生兄弟 twin brothers 孪生姐妹孪生姐妹 twin sisters孪生兄、孪生弟孪生兄、孪生弟 twin brother孪生姐、孪生妹孪生姐、孪生妹 twin sister继兄继兄 step elder brother继弟继弟 step younger brother继姐继姐 step elder sister继妹继妹 step younger sister同父异母兄弟同父异母兄弟 half-brother同母异父兄弟同母异父兄弟 half-brother同父异母姐妹同父异母姐妹 half-sister同母异父姐妹同母异父姐妹 half-sister义兄、义哥义兄、义哥 foster elder brother义弟义弟 foster younger brother义姐义姐 foster elder sister义妹义妹 foster younger sister结拜兄弟、把兄弟结拜兄弟、把兄弟 sworn brother结拜姐妹结拜姐妹 sworn sister10.堂兄弟姐妹堂兄弟姐妹 paternal cousin姑表兄弟姐妹姑表兄弟姐妹paternal cousin堂兄堂兄 paternal uncles elder son堂弟堂弟 paternal uncles younger son堂姐堂姐 paternal uncles elder daughter堂妹堂妹 paternal uncles younger daughter姑表兄姑表兄 paternal aunts elder son姑表弟姑表弟 paternal aunts younger son姑表姐姑表姐 paternal aunts elder daughter姑表妹姑表妹 paternal aunts younger daughter11.舅表兄弟姐妹舅表兄弟姐妹maternal cousin与姨表与姨表兄弟姐妹兄弟姐妹maternal cousin舅表兄舅表兄 maternal uncles elder son舅表弟舅表弟 maternal uncles younger son舅表姐舅表姐 maternal uncles elder daughter舅表妹舅表妹 maternal uncles younger daughter姨表兄姨表兄 maternal aunts elder son姨表弟姨表弟 maternal aunts younger son姨表姐姨表姐 maternal aunts elder daughter姨表妹姨表妹 maternal aunts younger daughter12.内兄内兄 brother-in-law与大姨子与大姨子sister-in-law内兄、妻兄、大舅子内兄、妻兄、大舅子 wifes elder brother内弟、妻弟、小舅子内弟、妻弟、小舅子 wifes younger brother大姨子、妻姐大姨子、妻姐 wifes elder sister小姨子、妻妹小姨子、妻妹 wifes younger sister连襟连襟 wifes sisters husband大伯子大伯子 husbands elder brother小叔子小叔子 husbands younger brother妯娌妯娌 husbands brothers wife大姑子大姑子 husbands elder sister小姑子小姑子 husbands younger sister13.子女子女 offspring子女、儿女、孩子子女、儿女、孩子child；offspring儿子、儿、子、男、男孩、小子儿子、儿、子、男、男孩、小子 son女儿、女、女孩、闺女、姑娘、丫头女儿、女、女孩、闺女、姑娘、丫头daughter亲生子女亲生子女 natural child亲生子亲生子 natural son亲生女亲生女 natural daughter婚生子女婚生子女 legitimate child婚生子婚生子 legitimate son婚生女婚生女 legitimate daughter 非婚生子女、私生子女非婚生子女、私生子女 illegitimate child非婚生子、私生子非婚生子、私生子 illegitimate son非婚生女、私生女非婚生女、私生女 illegitimate daughter嗣子嗣子 heir；嗣女嗣女heiress立嗣养子女立嗣养子女 adopted child立嗣养子立嗣养子 adopted son立嗣养女立嗣养女 adopted daughter继子女继子女 step child继子继子 step son；继女继女 step daughter养子女养子女 foster-child；养子养子 foster son养女养女 foster-daughter 教子女教子女 god-child教子教子 god-son；教女教女 god-daughter独生子女、独苗独生子女、独苗 only child独生子、独子独生子、独子only son独生女独生女 only daughter孪生子女、双胞胎孪生子女、双胞胎 twins孪生子、双生子孪生子、双生子 twin sons孪生女、双生女孪生女、双生女 twin daughters14.女婿女婿 son-in-law儿媳儿媳 daughter-in-law女婿、婿女婿、婿 daughters husband；son-in-law儿媳、儿媳妇、媳妇儿儿媳、儿媳妇、媳妇儿 sons wife；daughter-in-law15.侄侄 nephew侄子、侄儿、侄侄子、侄儿、侄 brothers son；wifes brothers son；nephew侄女侄女 brothers daughter；wifes brothers daughter；niece外甥外甥 sisters son；wifes sisters son；nephew外甥女外甥女 sisters daughter；wifes sisters daughter；niece16.孙子女孙子女 grandchild孙子女孙子女 sons child；grandchild孙子孙子 sons son；grandson孙女孙女 sons daughter；granddaughter外孙子外孙子 daughters child；grandchild外孙子外孙子 daughters son；grandson外孙女外孙女 daughters daughter；granddaughter重孙子女、曾孙子女重孙子女、曾孙子女 great-grandchild重孙、曾孙重孙、曾孙 great-grandson重孙女、曾孙女重孙女、曾孙女 great-granddaughter通用性与专用性通用性与专用性中国封建社会历史久远，多代同堂的外延家庭中国封建社会历史久远，多代同堂的外延家庭 extended family长期构成社会基本组成单位。长期构成社会基本组成单位。其辈分等级森严，长尊幼卑，年龄顺序与地位紧其辈分等级森严，长尊幼卑，年龄顺序与地位紧密相关，成员关系错综复杂，相应的亲属词分工密相关，成员关系错综复杂，相应的亲属词分工明确，其意义显得相当重要，具有专用性的语义明确，其意义显得相当重要，具有专用性的语义特征。特征。而英、美等英语国家，虽在历史上也曾有过外延而英、美等英语国家，虽在历史上也曾有过外延家庭的结构模式，但在进人工业社会后，这种大家庭的结构模式，但在进人工业社会后，这种大家庭数量急剧减少，甚至逐渐消失，而被核心家家庭数量急剧减少，甚至逐渐消失，而被核心家庭庭 nuclear family 所取代。所取代。家庭规模缩小，结构模式变更，家庭成员减少，家庭规模缩小，结构模式变更，家庭成员减少，亲属关系趋于简单。亲属关系趋于简单。反映家庭关系的亲属词呈现通用性的语义特征。反映家庭关系的亲属词呈现通用性的语义特征。