初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练（3）.docx

初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练（3）一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时一般将来时过去进行时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。eg When I was a child,! often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last tcrm.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是 很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. Whal did you say?另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?其结构是“主语+动词的过去式“。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几 种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work worked; ask asked; 2）以 e 结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive arrived; like liked.3） 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先把y变成i,再 加ed. e.g. carry-carried; studystudied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. flyflew; break-broke; teach一taught.这些需要象生 单词一样记住.其句式变化分为两种情况1）含有be动词的依然在be上做文章.e.g. I was bom in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2）含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt,同时把动词变成原形；变一般疑问句，在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原 形.e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift fbr your mum yeslerdciy?其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning;由"last+时间”构成的短语,e.g. last year;由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago;另外，还有on the morning of Monday, just now等，以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意，在宾语从句中主句为过去，一般从 句也为过去.自主检测：（一）选择1 She lived there before he to China.A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I but nothing.A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heardC . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you here?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 I my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper.-When you it?A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案：1A2B3D 4A 5D 6c(二)填空1 They(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.4 Danny(read )English five minutes ago.5 I(see)Li Lei(go) out just now.6 He(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I(play)games with my friends.8 When you(write)this book?9 it last year.10 Did he(have) lunch at home?11 1(eat) the bread, I'm full now.答案:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten常见错误如下:一、把动词变成过去式易出错例：1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.答案：1 stopped 2 played解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:”动词变成过去式，双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i力口-ed;y前若是元音字，只须直接加-cd.”二、忘记把动词变成过去式例：I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.答案：flew解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记”.三、在句式变换时易出错例：1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday.2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday?答案：1 didn't go 2 Did have解析:请记住口诀”见助动，用原形四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混例：He taughts (teach) me English last year.答案:taught解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称，也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.五、易与现在完成时弄混例：我看过这部电影I saw(see) the film.答案：I have seen (see) the film.解析:“我看过这部电影”说明我了解这部电影的内容，强调现在的情况，应用现在完成时;一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影，与现在无关.六、易与过去进行时弄混，这里不在重复。