开题报告 (221).doc

XXXX届本科生毕业论文（设计）附件10：论文（设计）管理表一 昌吉学院本科毕业论文（设计）开题报告Thesis ProposalProposed Title for Dissertation： （English and Chinese Title）A study on comparative research of The kazakand English color words哈萨克语与英语颜色词对比研究Specialization:EnglishField of Research:LiteratureclassB#Name of AuthorPinyinName of Supervisor:Pinyin Registration Number:Title of Supervisor:I. Research Process and Steps Jul. 10th 201421st Collecting related information and deciding the research direction.Sep. 1th 20165 th Deciding the title and supervisor.Sep.10rd 2016Sep. 20 th Finishing proposal and drawing up an outline.Oct. 1nd 2015Nov.15th Finishing the first draft.Nov. 20rd 2015Dce.10th Finishing the second draft.Jan. 5th 201510th Finishing the third draft.Feb. 20th 201526th Handing in the final version.II. Outline of the Proposed Structure of the Dissertation Abstract(English) Abstract(Chinese) Chapter One Introduction1.1 Background of the Study1.2 Purpose of the Study1.3 Structure of the ThesisChapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Definitions of color terms 2.2 The Theoretical Basis 2.3 Research Abroad of basic color terms in English2.4 Research at Home of basic color terms in KazakChapter Three Methodology 3.1 Research subject 3.2 Research Questions 3.3 Research methodsChapter Four The reason for different connotative meaning of color words 4.1 Religious differences 4.2 Historical and cultural differences 4.3 Nationality and custom differencesChapter Five Contrast of cultural connotations of basic color terms in English and 5.1 Red 5.1.1 Differences of the connotative meaning of red in Western cultures and “qïzïl” in Kazak 5.1.2 Similarities of the connotative meaning of red in Western cultures and “qïzïl” in Kazak 5.2 White5.2.1 Differences of the connotative meaning of white in Western cultures and “aq” in Kazak5.2.2 Similarities of the connotative meaning of white in Western cultures and in “aq” in Kazak 5.3 Black5.5.1 Differences of the connotative meaning of “black” in Western cultures and “qara” in Kazak 5.5.2 Similarities of the connotative meaning of “black” in Western cultures and “qara” in Kazak 5.4 Yellow5.5.1 Differences of the connotative meaning of yellow in Western cultures and “sara” in Kazak 5.5.2 Similarities of the connotative meaning of yellow in Western cultures and “sara” in Kazak 5.5 Blue5.5.1 Differences of the connotative meaning of blue in Western cultures and “kök” in Kazak5.5.2 Similarities of the connotative meaning of blue in Western cultures and in “kök” in Kazak5.6 Green5.6.1 Differences of the connotative meaning of green in Western cultures and “asïl” in Kazak 5.6.2 Similarities of the connotative meaning of green in Western cultures and “asïl” in Kazak Chapter Six Conclusion 6.1 Major Findings 6.2 Suggestions 6.3 LimitationsReferencesAppendixAcknowledgementsIII. The Body of the Thesis ProposalChapter One Introduction1.1Background of the StudyLanguage is an important part of culture, and also a mirror of national culture. Situations such as a nations world outlook, religious belief, social economy and the production and living and so on, will represent a living link in the history, especially in the history of vocabulary system. In turn, the characteristics of the national economic life would be definitely reflected in the language, especially vocabulary system. Moreover, it has certain influence on language, especially vocabulary. The vocabulary of color words is expressive, which can express and convey feelings, and give a person with visual and mental stimulation.Color words originally reflect color of the objective material. But when it is used to reflect the social life, people from different background will produce various associative meanings to the same color due to different historical conditions, living environment, aesthetic psychology and customs. Therefore, colors have different symbolic significance, color word also has the unique cultural meaning. In kazakh, white symbolizes purity, red represents the sun and fire, black symbolizes the great, blue symbols heaven and life, green symbolizes spring and youth, brown symbolizes tender. Color words in the process of development have formed along with natural custom and religious belief, living etc. In English culture, the symbolic meanings of color words are affected by the Western nationality openness, science, education. The colors are of a few mystery meanings. The connotative  meanings of color words have been formed in the development of society. The emergence of these different symbolic meanings is closely related with Kazaks perception of color, worship, and thinking.The connotative  meanings of color words have been formed in the development of society. Thus the connotative meanings of colors between Kazak culture and western culture will be quite different from each other.In the following part, I will list the research achievements made both in Kazakand western countries.1.2Purpose of the StudyThe world we live is like a colorful kaleidoscope. Everything has its own color properties, we often use all sorts of color words to vividly depict everything we observed, even use color to express our joys and sorrows. Language not only expresses facts, ideas, and events which represent similar world knowledge by the people, but also reflects the peoples attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People from different cultures understand the world around them differently, so are the languages, which they use to describe their surroundings. Languages differ enormously from one to another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. But, because of the difference of Kazak and western culture, the understanding of color will be different, a lot of deep meaning, color words imply different races feeling about color. If we dont have a thorough understanding of Kazak and western cultural differences, it is difficult for us to understand the meaning of each color in different countries.  In order to further understand color words in Kazak and western culture, it is very necessary to have a study of color words.  In this paper, I mainly explain different and similar phenomena concerning the use of color words  throughexamples and  contrastive analysis of connotative  meanings of color words in Kazak and western culture. Therefore, through the study of the cultural differences between English and Kazak color words, English country and Kazak national understanding and application of different colors are listed and contrasted to further deepen the understanding of Kazak and foreign cultural differences, improving our language ability and avoid conflicts with western culture. 1.3 Structure of the ThesisColor word is expressive language. Rich and colorful connotation of color words in Kazak and English both have similarities and differences. Along with the development of the era, associative meaning of color words will have new connotation. This paper will use some common color words in English and Kazakh language to comparatively study. From the perspective of cross-cultural, similarities and differences of basic color words between English and Kazakh are analyzed. This paper will also from the angle of translation methods, discusses the color words in both English and Kazakh in order to achieve cross-cultural communication in the purpose of better grasp and use of English and Kazakh color words. In this paper, the first part is introduction, mainly a brief introduction of the full text including background, purpose and structure of the study. The second chapter is literature review, including 4 parts, respectively definition of color terms, theoretical theory, domestic and foreign research results of color words. The relations between the culture and the basic color words. The third chapter is the main text, detailed analyzing reasons for different connotative meaning of color words both in English and Kazakh. The fourth chapter analyzes cultural connotations of basic color terms in English and Kazakh (black, white, red, yellow, green, blue) and the method of how to deal with different cultures. Finally, this article summarizes the full text to have a reference to the development of language and culture, and the transformation of the mode of thinking.Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Definitions of color wordsColor words in different languages as well have a lot of features in common. Brent Berlin and Paul Kay, two world-famous scholars, pointed out there are eleven color categories in our world, which are known as “basic words”, containing white, black, red, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange and gray. Basic color words have three characteristics ideally: 1. It is non-lexemic; 2. Its signification is not including in that of any other color word; 3. Its application must not be restricted to a narrow class of objects. 2.2 The Theoretical Basis of the studyWhen we survey the whole history of color word study, especially from the eighteenth century, there is an obviously pendulum-·like paradigm-·shifting in theory (c.f. Kuhn 19701962)The shifting implicates that there are two contrasting philosophy theories about the development of the color system of a given language. Through thorough and hard researches in the color research field，Professor Yang Yonglin put forward two theoretical questions，which form the framework of color word research：(1) Is the color-coding system of a language linguistically universal and semantically evolutionary? (2) Is it something linguistically relative and semantically culturedetermined? (杨永林20002b：4)Concerning these two questions，two relative theories can be naturally used together to be the theoretical foundation to make a contrastive study of comparative cultural connotations of English and Chinese basic colorwords/characters, one is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and the other is Berlin & Kays theory of basic color words 2.3 Research Abroad of color wordsForeign study of color words started earlier. Color words are discussed in this paper by many scholars from different angles.The study of color words has a long history. Many scholars have made research on the color words and generally formed their own theories which have been accepted by the field.Berlin and Kanes view had greater influence on the study of Chinese color words, laid a theoretical basis for study of Chinese color words.  Color is a perception of the objective world. Either in nature or social life, there are a variety of colors. Reflected in the human language, there are a lot of words recording color-color words.Russian painters, aesthetes Kandinsky pointed out: “Color directly affects the spirit” in his book named “the spirit of the art” in 1911. People live in the color, and is closely related with color. In 1969, an American national expert Berlin and a linguist Cain, examined the color words in 98 languages in the world, published paper “Study of basic color words: universality and the theory of evolution”. The study showed that among color word systems in various languages, there are 11 basic colors: white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, and gray. This book has a big influence in the field of color words study. After that, a lot of scholars in the studied color words based on the basic theory.Subsequently, Kane added continuously in the further study and update the argument. In 1978, Kane co-worked with Mike, Daniel to make an adjustment of the general order of the basic color words. They thought that the language of six major color, respectively red, yellow, green, blue, black and white, other colors are composite and derived on the basis of the six major color.After Berlin and Kay, Heider found that the Draenei in New Guinea only had two color words in the language in a series of studies in the early 1970s, but they had has no difference of memory and cognition compared with English speaker. Her research results of cognitive strongly support color is common, and a kind of inherent ability. Heider thinks there are no color perception and language difference between people with only two color words in the Dani language and that with 11 color words. Geoffrey Leech, a British linguist, divide the lexical meaning into seven parts, which includes conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning reflective meaning, collective meaning and thematic meaning, which stimulus the researchers to study the color words from as many aspects as possible. These researches include the researches on the basic color words, color words and color concepts, the translation and the pragmatic meaning of color words, the social and cultural connotation of color words, etc. These books or articles have given very detailed explanation on color words. In west countries, color terms are popular in fields like philosophy, physics, psychology, art and so on. The oldest theory in color terms history is Aristotles Black and White Theory, in which color is made up of hue, luminosity and saturation. At that period, all colors were thought as different degrees of mix of white and black. Black and White Theory was ended by Newton who saw seven colors of the sunlight through prism. Other theories appeared at the same time, such as SapirWhorf Hypothesis and Cognitive Linguistics. In spite of the relationship between these theories, they all admitted color terms important position in English.However, due to cultural differences, different national languages exist differences on the use of color words, there are different phrases, and for the same color also has different symbolic significance.2.4 Research at Home of xxxxxDomestic study of color words started relatively late. Based on the main research achievements of western, especially Berlin and Kane's point of view, it had make breakthrough with rich color words and multi-dimensional angles, although the theory is not unique.The article by Liu Yunquan(1987, 25-99) illustrates that different cultures reflect different cultural psychology , and the cultural  connotation of color words are mainly determined by a persons cultural psychology. In another book (Liu Yunquan, 62) Pro. Liu in a  lexicological aspect underlined the definitionclassification, structure and the semantic meanings of color words.  His most significant work is The Color Beauty of Languages (Liu Yunquan, 1998 ) , which is an indep