高考英语猜测词义指导.ppt

If If you come you come across the new across the new words when words when reading,reading,What will you do What will you do?1.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.3.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.1.1.定义法定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇等词汇或破折号来表示或破折号来表示GuesstheMeaningoftheWord小小结结脆的脆的牧人牧人日历日历1.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的2.2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等erorianisteseess后缀,构成可数名词menttionnesssionerying后缀,构成抽象名词disinmisunnon否定前缀recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前缀重复共同,平等小过度超出-后副的使-可能远程-前alanbleernfulishivelessylyous形容词后缀形容词后缀enizeify动词后缀动词后缀encouragerealizesatisfy2.Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?A.A.商店里的小偷商店里的小偷 B.B.商店里的推销员商店里的推销员B.B.C.C.商店里的老客户商店里的老客户D.D.商店里的搬运工商店里的搬运工3.根据同义词，反义词关系根据同义词，反义词关系1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.2.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.3.Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealthand,or,suchas,like，forexample,forinstance常连接同义词组常连接同义词组。小结小结取代取代不同意不同意非常贫穷非常贫穷4.根据同位语关系根据同位语关系语言学语言学夜班夜班1.AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1874inEdinburgh,Scotland.Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.2.Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.1.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.2.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.徒劳的徒劳的Guessthemeaningoftheword5.根据因果关系根据因果关系小结小结全神贯注全神贯注常用关联词常用关联词(如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,sothat,suchthatso,sothat,suchthattherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。6.根据对比和转折关系根据对比和转折关系 Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.表转折关系的词常有表转折关系的词常有如如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,thoughonthecontrary等。等。小结小结热的热的温和的温和的7.7.根据上下文线索根据上下文线索1.TheweatherinHawaiiisalwaysmild.Itispleasantandwarm.Thereisusuallyalightwindtocooltheair.2.Instantly，wewerebusilypreparingfortheworst.ThewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcropsTherewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.ButweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagainMyolderbrothercalledhissheep-dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriverIftheriverflooded，theyshouldbesafethere58Theunderlinedwordstockinthethirdparagraphrefersto_.A.moneyownedbythefamilyBgoodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseDfarmanimals(06江西卷江西卷)3.Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartness,whichhasmadetheanimalanotorious（臭名昭著的）（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunterstrapped,shotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.ItsstilloneofAmericasmosthuntedanimals.Yetthecoyotehassurvived.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?”Iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword,itdbeplasticity.”saysEricGese,anexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealone,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves,huntatnightorduringtheday,occupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremiles,andliveonallsortsoffood,fromlizards（蜥蜴）（蜥蜴）andshoes,toantsandmelons.63.Theunderlinedword“plasticity”inPara.2refersto_.A.theabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notorioussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerant(06湖南卷湖南卷)嫁妆嫁妆Guessthemeaning8.根据生活常识根据生活常识1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.2.Best of alt each program is put together by professional broadcasters journalists,and editors who have a strong interest in European languages and cultures.That enthusiasm comes through in every edition.From New York to London to Singapore?the users tell us no company produces a better product for language learners at all levels Ring for more information,or order at .We guarantee that you have nothing to lose if its not for you;let us know within 6 weeks and we will completely reimburseyou.59.What does the underlined part reimburse you probably mean?A.Return the money you paid.B.Change the product you bought.C.Offer you a free repair.D.Guarantee you the quality.(06湖北卷)生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?猜测词义题常见设问方式:1.Theword“.”refersto/probablymeans2.Theunderlinedword“”couldbestbereplacedby3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Bysaying“”,wemean5.“”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“”?7.Theunderlinedphrase“”isclosetinmeaningto.?8.Theunderlinedword“.”roughlymeans?1.Sheaskedthehairdressertotrimherhairbecauseitwastoolong.2.Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatdelicious,weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.3.AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.Theunderlinedword“leg”probablymeans_.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour巩固练习巩固练习修剪修剪生的，未加工的生的，未加工的 4.B(06江西卷)The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on displayAs he began putting them into his bag，a dog came into the roomIt stopped when it saw Buster，then wagged its tail madly and went over tohim，licking his outstretched handGood boy,”Buster whispered “What a great guard dog you aretrying to lick me to death.”61.Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word exotic in the third paragraph?A.Messy and untidy.B.Rich and expensive.C.Comfortable and calming.D.Foreign and unusual.5.A(06福福建卷建卷)Mostofmyforeignfriendshereworkfull-timeforbigEnglishconversationschools.Thesalaryisfinetoliveon.Butwhetheryoucansavemoneydependsonhowmuchgoingoutandtravelingyoudohere.TheschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoffeventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.59.Theunderlinedword“reluctant”inthepassagemayprobablymean_.A.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.carelessHomework1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.Finishadditionalexercises