2019学年八年级英语下册 Module 9 Friendship词句精讲精练（含解析）（新版）外研版.doc

1ModuleModule 9 9 FriendshipFriendship词汇精讲词汇精讲1.1. separateseparate （1）separate 作形容词，意为“单独的；分开的” 。例如：We dont have a separate dining roomthe living area is all one. 我们没有单独的饭厅活动空间都在一处。We offer separate classes for students to learn Chinese in different ways. 我们提供分班授课，让不同的学生以不同的方式学习中文。 （2）separate 作动词，意为“分开；隔开” 。例如：Wed better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。Even numerous mountains and rivers cannot separate our friendship. 纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。 【拓展】 separately 作副词，意为“单独地；分别地” 。例如：He said he would see each of us separately. 他说他将分别约见我们每一个人。Please be sure that you wrap each item separately. 请确保独立地包装每件物品。2.2. explainexplain explain 作动词，意为“解释，说明，阐明” 。其用法如下： （1）explain sth. to sb. 例如：Please explain that rule to me. 请把这条规则给我讲一讲。 （2）explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句 例如：Please explain to me what this means. 请对我说明这是什么意思。 （3）explain + that 从句 例如：He explained that we could no longer stay. 他解释说我们不能再待下去了。 【注意】 explain 后面不能接双宾语，在接间接宾语 sb.时，前面应加介词 to，即 explain sth. to sb.。3.3. treattreat treat 作动词，意为“治疗；对待；看待” 。例如： The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。 Marry treats me as one of the family. 玛丽对待我就像家人一样。 【拓展】 treatment 是 treat 的名词形式，意为“对待；待遇；治疗”时，常用搭配有：medical treatment 药物治疗；hospital treatment 住院治疗。4.4. whetherwhether whether 作连词，意为“是否” 。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时，常用 if 或 whether 作引导词。例如：2I asked her, “Do you study English here?” 我问她：“你在这里学习英语吗？” I asked her if/ whether she studied English there. 我问她是否在那里学习英语。 【拓展】 if 和 whether 的辨析：if 和 whether 均可表示“是否” ，一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下，只能用 whether 而不能用 if： （1）if 后不能直接接 or not。 （2）whether 可作介词的宾语。 （3）whether 后可接不定式。 （4）whether 可用于句首。 （5）whether 可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。Whether it is right or wrong, I dont know. 正确与否，我不知道。It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. 他来不来没关系。5.5. patientpatient （1）patient 作形容词，意为“有耐心的, 能忍受的” ，后接 with/of。例如： Hes a very patient man. 他是个很有耐心的人。The teacher is very patient with his students. 这位老师对学生很耐心。 （2）patient 作名词，意为“病人” 。例如：The doctor is very patient with his patients. 那位医师对病人十分耐心。6.6. encourageencourage encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励” 。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事” 。 例如：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。My mother encouraged me to enter the contest. 妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。 【拓展】 （1）encourage sb. in sth. 意为“在方面鼓励/助长某人” 。例如：Dont encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。 （2）encouragement 是 encourage 的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励” 。例如：The teachers words were a great encouragement to him. 老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。7.7. passpass pass 作动词，意为“经过；通过；” 。例如：I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。3They passed through the forest. 他们穿过了森林。 【拓展】 （1）pass 作动词，意为“传递” 。pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.意为“将某物传递 给某人” 。例如：He passed me a pen. = He passed a pen to me. 他递给我一支笔。 （2）pass on 是动副结构，意为“继续传递” ，pass on sth. to sb. = pass sth. on to sb.，但当 sth.是代词时，只能放在 pass on 之间。例如：When he got the message, he passed it on to others. 当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。8.8. includeinclude include 作动词，意为“包括；包含” 。例如： The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。 The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里有一本字典。 【拓展】 including 除了是 include 的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用， 和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括在内” 。例如：There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham. 有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 班里有 40 名学生，包括我在内。 同样，included 也有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。 所以上个例句亦可写成：There are 40 students in the classroom, me included. 词汇精练词汇精练 I.I. 英汉短语互译。英汉短语互译。 1最后一次_ 2对某人微笑_ 3在那时_ 4担心_ 5as usual _ 6make friends _ 7day by day _ 8far away _ II.II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1Dont _(大笑) at others when they are in trouble 2This watch was a g_ from my aunt 3Look，the gun is shining _(明亮的) 4During spring festival，we Chinese often visit friends and _(亲戚) 5Please remember not to t_ the things in the shop 6Dont be a_ to ask the teachers questions 7You neednt w_ about his safety III.III. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词限用一次。用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词限用一次。get back；each other；polite；twelve；knife； excite；at first；Im afraid；feel like；some time1Watching a football match can make people feel _ 2The Browns are going to celebrate their daughters _ birthday43His father always _ home at 5:00 p. m. 4We should speak to the old _ 5In Britain，people not only use _ to cut things but also use them to have meals 6What does it _ being at school in China? 7_ Ill be late for class 8_ I didnt like him but now I do 9From now on we should help _ because we are friends 10 “I thought it would be nice to spend _ with you， ” I said【参考答案参考答案】 I.I. 英汉短语互译。英汉短语互译。 1the last time 2smile at sb. 3at that moment 4worry about 5和平时一样 6交朋友 7一天天地 8远离 II.II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1laugh 2gift 3brightly 4relatives 5touch 6afraid 7worry III.III. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词限用一次。用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词限用一次。 1excited 2twelfth 3gets back 4politely 5knives 6feel like 7Im afraid 8At first 9each other 10some time句式精讲句式精讲1.1. ImIm suresure sheshe regretsregrets hurtinghurting you.you. regret 作动词，意为“后悔；遗憾” 。例如：I now regret having made a promise that I would join in the scheme. 我现在后悔答应参加该计划的事。 We deeply regret that this big fire has taken away two young mens lives. 这次大火夺走了两个年轻人的生命,我们为此感到深深的惋惜。 【注意】 （1）表示“因而感觉悲哀或不开心”时，常在 regret 后接不定式。例如： I regret to hear of your sisters death. 我为你妹妹的死而感到悲哀。 （2）表示“因而感到后悔”时，常在 regret 后接动名词。例如：I regret causing him so much inconvenience. 我因让他如此不方便而感到后悔。2.2. WhatWhat dodo youyou dodo togethertogether toto havehave fun?fun? have fun 意为“玩得高兴，有趣” ，相当于 have a good time 或 enjoy oneself，其后接 doing sth.或 with sth.。例如：We had fun talking and playing with him. 我们和他一起聊天，玩得很高兴。He has fun with computer games. 他玩电脑游戏很开心。 【拓展】 fun 的形容词为 funny，意为“有趣的，可笑的” 。例如：5He often tells me lots of funny stories. 他经常给我们讲许多有趣的故事。3.3. SoSo couldcould youyou explainexplain whatwhat happenedhappened then?then? （1）happen 是不及物动词，意思是“发生” ，和动词短语 take place 是同义词。它们共 同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时 间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen 是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生； take place 表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：What happened to you on the road yesterday? 昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 （2）happen 构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 意为“(某事)发生在某人的身上” 。 happen to do somethingdo something by accident 意为“偶然做某事” 。例如：An accident happened to him after drinking too much. 他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。I happened to meet your mother yesterday. 昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。4.4. TryTry toto introduceintroduce herher toto them.them. （1）introduce 作及物动词，意为“介绍” ，常用搭配 introduce sb. to sb. else，意 为“把某人介绍给另一人” ；introduce oneself 意为“自我介绍” 。例如：Allow me to introduce a friend to you. 让我给你介绍一个朋友。 May I introduce myself? 我可以自我介绍吗？ Let me introduce myself. 让我做个自我介绍。 （2）introduce 还意为“引进，传入” 。例如：A plant was introduced into China. 一种植物被引入了中国。5.5. DayDay byby day,day, I I learntlearnt toto trusttrust peoplepeople day by day 意为“一天天地” 。例如：Day by day she learnt more about her job. 她日益了解自己的工作了。 【拓展】 day by day 与 day after day 的辨析： 这是形似的与时间有关的固定词组。 （1）day by day 意为“一天一天地” ， “逐日” ，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作 状语。例如：Its getting colder day by day. 天气一天天冷了起来。 The boy is getting better day by day. 那孩子一天天好了起来。 （2）day after day 意为“日复一日、一天又一天” ，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重 复）的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。例如： Day after day went by, and still no message arrived. 日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。 6I have to do the work day after day. 我得天天做这项工作。 句式精练句式精练 I.I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。 1They will go to the concertI think(变为含宾语从句的复合句)I think _ 2What is your name? Can you tell me? (变为含宾语从句的复合句)Can you tell me _? 3Is it polite to speak loudly in public in American? He asks(变为含宾语从句 的复合句)He asks _ polite to speak loudly in public places in America 4Can you tell me? Where is the post office? (变为含宾语从句的复合句)Can you tell me _ 5He told me， “My father doesnt know Mr. Brown.” (变为含宾语从句的复合句)He told me _ 6I think this is a good idea(变为否定句)I _ a good idea 7He does not tell the truth，I think(变为含宾语从句的复合句)I _ think that _ 8They dont know what they should do(变为简单句)They dont know _ 9When I was 13 years old，a boy gave me an important gift(变为同义句)_，a boy gave me an important gift 10Why dont you bring all your friends for a visit? (变为同义句)_ for a visit? II.II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。根据汉语提示，完成句子。 1今天早晨那个老爷爷像平常一样在公园里散步。The old grandpa walked in the park _ _ this morning 2每次我听到这首歌，我就会想起我的童年。_ _ I hear this songI will think of my childhood 3大卫不是俱乐部的成员，但他喜欢和俱乐部里的成员交朋友。David isnt a member of the club but he likes _ _ _ the members 4在那时，一个男孩跑进教室。_ _ _，a boy ran into the classroom 5老师转过身来，看见丽萨正在纸上画画。The teacher _ _ and saw Lisa _ on the paper III.III. 语法专练：用语法专练：用 whetherwhether 或或 ifif 填空。填空。 1I dont know _ or not you will go. 2_ you have met George before, I cant remember. 3Im thinking about _well have a meeting. 4The question is _ we can get there on time.75I asked her _ she studied English there. IV.IV. 补全对话。补全对话。 根据对话内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。A. Me too. B. No, never. C. Sorry, I cant. D. Catch you later. E. Thats a good idea. F. There is so much to see. G. How about your weekend? （Alex meets Cindy at school on Monday morning.）A: Hi, Cindy! How was your last weekend? B: Awful. You know, Alex, I was busy taking after-school classes for the weekend. 1 A: Great. I went to the Science Museum and had a lot of fun there. Have you ever been there before? B: 2 I do nothing but studying all the time on weekends. A: That sounds bad. You should relax yourself on weekends. And you can try something new instead. B: 3 By the way, can you tell me something about the museum? A: Its hard to say . 4 Youd better visit it if youre free. B: Oh, it must be a great way to spend weekends. Could you please go with me next Sunday afternoon? A: No problem. Lets make it. 5 B: Catch you.【参考答案参考答案】 I.I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。 1(that) they will go to the concert 2what your name is 3if it is 4where the post office is 5(that) his father didnt know Mr. Brown 6dont think this is 7dont he tells the truth 8what to do 9At the age of 13 10Why not bring all your friends II.II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。根据汉语提示，完成句子。 1as usual 2Every time 3making friends with 4At that moment 5turned around；drawing III.III. 语法专练：用语法专练：用 whetherwhether 或或 ifif 填空。填空。1. whether 2. Whether 3. whether 4. whether 5. if/ whether IV.IV. 补全对话。补全对话。81. G 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. D