不完全否定.pdf

一、一、allall 的否定式：的否定式：not all（或：allnot）表示“并非都”、“不是所有的都”例如：Not all men can be masters.(=All men cannot be masters.)并非人人都能当头头。Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。二、二、bothboth 的否定式：的否定式：notboth(或：both not)“并非两个都”例如：I dont want both the books.我不是两本书都要。Both(the)windows are not open.两扇窗子并不都开着。三、三、everyevery的否定式：的否定式：“不是每都”例如：Not every book is educative.(或：Every book is not educative.)不是每本书都有教育意义的。Not everyone likes this book.并非人人都喜欢这本书。This flower is not seen everywhere.这花并不是随处可见的。四、四、alwaysalways 的否定式：的否定式：“并非总是（并非一直）”例如：He is not always so sad.他并不是一直都这样悲伤。五、五、entirely,altogether,completelyentirely,altogether,completely 和和 quitequite 的否定式：的否定式：“不完全”，“并非完全”例如：The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.不可以完全信任商人。He felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全满意。I dont agree completely.我并不完全同意。What he did was not quite proper.他做的不十分妥当。六、六、all the timeall the time 的否定式：的否定式：“并非一直”、“未必老是”例如：A foolish man doesnt make a mistake all the time.笨人未必老是犯错误。七、七、notandnotand的否定式，被否定的往往是的否定式，被否定的往往是 andand 后面的那一部分。后面的那一部分。例如：He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚但不正确。This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。She cannot sing and dance.她会唱歌但不会跳舞。如果将 and 换成 or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。He did not speak clearly or correctly.他讲的既不清楚也不正确。如要对上述的 all,both,every,always,以及 entirely,altogether,completely,quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如 no,none,neither,no one,never,not(never)at all 等。例如：All of them can do it.-None of them can do it.Both are good.-Neither is good.Everybody likes it.-Nobody likes it.He is always late.-He is never late.We dont trust them entirely.-We never trust them at all.He was here all the time.-He was never here.弄清弄清 asas 和和 whichwhich 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别1.位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is known to us all,the earth turns around the sun.The earth,as is known to us all,turns around the sun.The earth turns around the sun,as is known to us all.The earth turns around the sun,which our parents once told us when we were very young.2.词义与联系上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：Light travels faster than sound,as we all know.Jack came late for school,which made his teacher angry.六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1.在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：(1)Is this factory _ we visited last week?(2)Is this the factory _ we visited last week?A.which B.where C.what D.the one分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填 D 项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作 visited 的宾语，故应选 A 项。2.从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。例如：错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?分析：该题中 that 已经代替先行词 the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词 took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语 it必须删去。以下无正文以下无正文仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。For personal use only in study and research;not for commercial use.仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。Nur fr den persnlichen fr Studien,Forschung,zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l tude et la recherche uniquement des fins personnelles;pas des fins commerciales.仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。,.For personal use only in study and research;not for commercial use