2019高中英语 Unit 14 Careers Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2.doc

1SectionSection LanguageLanguage Points()Points()( ( LessonLesson 2 2 & & LessonLesson 3)3)语 言 基 础 自 测 高频词汇必会高频词汇必会 .单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1 1He didn't wait for an instant(片刻，一会儿)，and left immediately.2 2He has committed(投入) himself to the course of the reform.3 3He did not hesitate(犹豫) about taking the most difficult task.4 4The good teacher imparts wisdom(智慧) to his pupils.5 5Children begin to learn basic moral(道德) in the kindergarten.6 6After she overcame her shyness，she became very outgoing.7 7You must grasp this opportunity to make yourself stand out.8 8The soldier's brave deeds brought him honor and glory9 9The building is regularly inspected by the fire­safety officer.1010The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1 1legal adj. 合法的illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的2 2constant adj. 不断的constantly adv. 不断地3 3appoint v任命；委派；指定；约定appointment n. 见面，约会4 4hesitate v. 犹豫hesitation n. 犹豫5 5commit vt. 投入commitment n. 承诺；信奉；献身；委任6 6base vt. 以作基础basis n. 基础，根据.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1 1make up 编造2 2write/take/note/put down 写下，记下3 3turn up 出现，现身4 4appoint sb.as/to be sth. 任命某人为25 5be surrounded with/by sth. 被包围6 6turn over 翻转7 7get over 克服8 8pay off 取得好结果；付清9 9be committed to 投身于1010hesitate to do sth. 犹豫地做某事1111judging from/by 由判断1212thanks to 幸亏.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1 1Thanks to your explanation，it's clear to me now.2 2I guess it is true that hard work pays off3 3Why didn't Henry turn up at the meeting?4 4We must find out a way to get over the difficulty.5 5He was committed to the cause of world peace.寻规律、巧记忆il.adj.adj.vby 复合短语illogical 不合逻辑的illiterate 不识字的illimitable 无限的stand by 支持drop by 顺便拜访come by 路过 经典句式必背经典句式必背 背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.1.TheThe instantinstant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一问完问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。the instant引导时间状语从句结果一出来，她就告诉了我们。The instant the result came out she told us about it.2.2.ItIt waswas my mother whowho taught me to be curious.是母亲教我对事物充满好奇心。强调句因为我能够说英语，我得到了那份工作。It was because I could speak English that I got the job.3核 心 要 点 探 究 全析重点词汇全析重点词汇 turnturn upup 出现，到达；开大，提高，增加；找到，发现(教材 P24)TurnTurn upup at the interview a couple of minutes early.提前几分钟到达面试地点。归纳拓展turn off 关掉(煤气、自来水等)turn on 打开(自来水)，开(煤气、灯、电视等)turn out 产生(的)结果，结果弄清楚(是)turn in 转身进入；交出turn to (向某人)求助；注意；翻到(页)turn down 调小(煤气等)，关小(的声音)；拒绝turn over 翻过来，翻转The car was turnedturned overover and the driver was seriously injured.汽车翻倒了，司机受了重伤。Be calm and sit tight and everything will turnturn outout well.保持镇静，顺其自然，一切都会好转。Please remember to turn off all the lights when you leave.请记住离开时一定把所有的灯都关掉。She turned down every offer of help.别人提出的帮助她都拒绝了。makemake upup 构成；占；化妆；打扮；配制；编造；虚构；和好；和解，补偿(教材 P24)MakeMake upup information about yourself.编造你的个人信息。写出下列各句中 makemake upup 的含义I have to make up the English test I missed last week. 补上The chemist quickly made up the prescription. 配制Eight chapters make up this volume. 组成Bob makes up stories to amuse his little brother. 编造They often quarrel but often make up soon after. 和好，和解It took her more than one hour to make up. 化妆，打扮归纳拓展4make out 理解；看清楚；假装make into 制成；做成(后面跟产品，制成品)make up for 弥补；补充；补偿make up of 由组成make progress in 在方面取得进步make a difference 有影响，起(重要)作用，大有作为Distantly，to her right，she could make out the town of Chiffa.在她右边，远远的，她依稀能辨认出希法镇。Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也能造纸。The group was made up of doctors.这个团体是由医生组成的。appointmentappointment n n. . 约见；约会(教材 P24)I turned up for the appointmentappointment five minutes late，so I walked straight in and sat down.我比约定的时间晚到了 5 分钟，因此我径直走进去并坐下。归纳拓展(1) make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会have an appointment with sb.at some time在某时间和某人有约会keep an appointment 守约break an appointment 违约，失约(2) appoint vt. 任命，指定；约定appoint sb.(as/to be) . 任命，委任某人appoint sb.to do. 委派某人做I havehave anan appointmentappointment withwith themthem in the evening.今晚我与他们有个约会。I'd like to makemake anan appointmentappointment withwith Mr.Smith.我想约见史密斯先生。He never breaks an appointment.他这个人是从来不失约的。The young man was appointed as/to be general manager.这个年轻人被任命为总经理。paypay offoff 得到好结果；取得成功；还清(教材 P26)This paidpaid offoff because she won an award for the report.5她的坚持获得了成功，因为她的报道获奖了。归纳拓展pay back 偿还pay for 付的钱；支付pay sb.back for sth. 因某事向某人报复pay sth.out 为某物付出一大笔钱pay up 付清；缴清People should paypay forfor their rude manners early or late.那些不懂礼貌的人迟早要为此付出代价。How can I pay you back for all your kindness?你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢？We'll have to pay out a lot on repairing the house.我们将不得不为修理这房子花很多钱。名师点津 pay off 在表示“付清”时是及物动词用法，而“得出好结果，取得成功”是不及物动词用法。commitcommit vtvt. .投入，犯(罪)；做(错事等)；把委托于，交付(教材 P26)I discovered then that as long as I am committedcommitted and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.我发现，只要我具有献身精神并决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。归纳拓展commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承诺某人/自己(做)某事commit sb./oneself to do sth.承诺某人/自己做某事commit to. 忠于，全身心地投入commit a crime 犯罪commit suicide 自杀If you commitcommit a a crimecrime，you can never escape being punished.你要是犯了罪，就逃脱不了受惩罚。He committed himself to the study of plants.他专心致志于研究植物。He committed himself to reforming(reform) health care.他致力于改革健康医疗制度。名师点津 commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于” ，to 是介词，后接名词、代词或6动名词。existenceexistence n n. . 生活；存在(教材 P26)I asked Junyan what she liked most about her job and she said that although there wasn't much glory in a reporter's existenceexistence，she found it interesting and challenging.我问君燕她最喜欢她的工作的什么地方，她说作为记者虽然没有很大荣耀，但是很有趣，很有挑战性。归纳拓展(1) in existence 存在out of existence 消失come into existence 出现，产生bring into existence 使出现/产生(2) exist vi. 存在；生存，生活exist in 存在于之中exist onlive on 靠为生There exist. 有，存在The uncontrolled whaling may put the whales outout ofof existence.existence.滥捕鲸会使鲸绝种。It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。There exist different opinions on this question.关于这个问题存在着不同的意见。New companies come into existence(exist) every year.每年都有新的公司开业。 突破重点句式突破重点句式 (教材 P24)TheThe instantinstant sheshe stoppedstopped askingasking questionsquestions，I I gotgot upup andand wentwent outout ofof thethe room.room.她一问完问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。 【要点提炼】 the instant.“一就”是名词性短语引导时间状语从句。归纳拓展(1) 类似的名词性短语用作连词的还有：the moment/second/minute 一就7the first time. 第一次every time. 每次the last time. 最后一次the next time. 下次(2) 表示“一就”的句式：the minute/moment/instant/second.，这些名词性短语在此结构中均充当连词，引导时间状语从句。immediately/directly 这两个词均可引导时间状语从句。as soon as.，该句式常用于口语中，其引导的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。hardly/scarcely.when.；no sooner.than.，该句式的主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时(不论主句还是从句，一般都不用一般现在时和一般将来时)。We recognized her thethe momentmoment she entered the room.她一进房间，我们就把她认出来了。I came here immediately (immediate) after having my supper.我一吃完晚饭就来这里了。Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1 1Gradually the surrounding (surround) farmlands turned into residential(住宅区的)2 2Hero as/though he is，he has some shortcomings.3 3I have an appointment (appoint) with my doctor this afternoon.4 4We believe in Marxism，Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.5 5The company committed most of its profits to building (build) new factories.6 6Li Na has such a good grasp of English that she can communicate with foreigners easily.7 7I'm constantly (constant) telling him to behave himself.8 8Having committed (commit) herself to this line of action，there was no retreating for bad weather.9 9The boy ran away quickly the instant (instantly) his father turned his back.1010It is illegal (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16. .完成句子1 1I could hardly make out anything (辨认出任何事物) in the thick fog.82 2John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off (这得到了回报) .3 3The instant I saw her (我一见到她)，I knew she was an honest girl.4 4He tried hard to make up for my losses (弥补我的损失). 5 5If you turn over (如果你翻转) a turtle on its back，it will become helpless.语 法 专 项 突 破间接引语()自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟Kate told Henry， “I will come here to watch these programs tomorrow. ”Kate told Henry thatthat sheshe wouldwould gogo therethere to watch thosethose programs thethe nextnext dayday.Mrs Li asked Chen Fei， “Are you interested in English？”Mrs Li asked Chen Fei if/whetherif/whether hehe waswas interested in English.Linda asked， “You like the food, don't you？”Linda asked (me) if/whetherif/whether I I likedliked the food.Tom asked， “Where are my sports shoes，mom？”Tom asked his mom wherewhere hishis sports shoes werewere.He asked， “Where are you to get off，John？”He asked John wherewhere hehe waswas to get off.He said， “Do you like to eat apples or oranges？”He asked (me) whether/ifwhether/if I I likedliked to eat apples or oranges.直接引语变为间接引语时应注意：1.1.时态的变化：例句中直接引语为一般将来时，间接引语变为过去将来时；例句直接引语为一般现在时，间接引语为一般过去时。2.2.代词的变化：例句中 I 变为she，these 变为 those；例句中 you 变为 he；例句中 you 变为 I；例句中 my 变为 his。3.3.状语的变化：例句中地点状语here 变为 there，tomorrow 变为 the next day。4.4.语序的变化：例句中直接引语为陈述句，间接引语还用陈述语气；例句中直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语需用 if/whether 引导，并且转变成陈述语气；例句中直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语中特殊疑问词不变，疑问语气改为陈述语气。 精要点拨精要点拨 一、时态的变化91 1时态的变化(1)现在时间推移到过去时间直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时The old man said， “I have lived in this street since 1960.”The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960.那老人说他自从 1960 年起就住在那条街上了。He said， “Is it raining？”He asked if it was raining.他问是不是正在下雨。She said to me， “I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.”She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告诉我她三天前给她父母写了一封信。“What were you doing at seven pm.yesterday？” he asked.He asked me what I was doing at seven pm.the day before.他问我昨天晚上七点在干什么。He said， “We shall get ready by eight o'clock.”He said that they could get ready by eight o'clock.他说他们在八点前能准备好。(2)间接引语中保持原来时态不变在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。He thinks， “She will be back in a month.”He thinks she will be back in a month.他认为她将在一个月后回来。He says， “I have accepted her invitation.”He says he has accepted her invitation.他说他已接受了她的邀请。比较：间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比。Sarah said to me， “I have two brothers.”莎拉对我说：“我有两个弟弟。 ”Sarah told me that she has two brothers.10莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话者认为这情况是真实的)Sarah told me that she had two brothers.莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话者对此没有什么把握)间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。The geography teacher said to the students， “The earth moves round the sun.”The geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun.地理老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。He said， “Every dog has his day.” He said that every dog has his day.他说人皆有出头日。间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可保持不变。He said， “The window is broken.”He said that the window is broken.他说玻璃窗碎了。间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。The girl said， “I was born in 1998.”The girl said that she was born in 1998.那女孩说她生于 1998 年。2 2情态动词的变化情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式，must 表示必须、推测、禁止等意思时，可不变；表示必须时可不变，也可用 had to 或 would have to。The senior said， “All men must die.”The senior said that all men must die.那老者说人总是要死的。She said， “I must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon.”She said she must/would have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon.她说她不得不在明天下午去看医生。即时演练 1单句改错1 1He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.watchedwatches2 2He said that he are using the knife.areis3 3The teacher asked Li Ming where he had.11had 后加 been二、代词的变化1 1人称代词的变化当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。I said， “You did quite well in the exam yesterday.”I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.我说你那天考得不错。直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。He said to Tom， “I'll do my best to catch up with others.”He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others.他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。He said to her， “Where did you put the glasses.”He asked her where she had put the glasses.他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。提示：如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。Mother asked， “Where have you been？”Mother asked me where I had been.母亲问我去哪儿了。“Why are you late again，John？” the teacher asked.The teacher asked John why he was late again.老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。He said to Tom， “She can help them.” He told Tom that she could help them.他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。2 2物主代词的变化“You should not overlook your fault” ，Mum said to me.Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault.妈妈对我说我不应该忽略自己的缺点。The two boys said， “We have lost our dog.”12The two boys said they had lost their dog.这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。3 3指示代词的变化直接引语中的指示代词 this；these间接引语中的指示代词 that；thoseShe said， “This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.”She said that that was the house in which Lu Xun had once lived.她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。“I bought these flowers for you” ，Jane said.Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me.简说她买了那些花送给我。即时演练 2将直接引语变为间接引语4 4He said， “I am very busy.”He said that he was very busy5 5He said， “Can you finish your work on time？”He said to me if I could finish my work on time6 6She said， “He wants to go shopping alone.”She said if I could finish my work on time三、状语的变化1 1时间状语的变化He said， “I spoke to them yesterday.”He said that he had spoken to them the day before.他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。The student said， “We have learned about 3，000 English words so far.”The student said that they had learned about 3，000 English words by then.那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了 3000 个英语单词。2 2地点状语的变化当直接引语变间引语时，地点状语 here 通常变为 there。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用 here。“Come here，please， ” he said.He asked me to come here.他叫我到这里来。(引述人地点不变)He asked me to go there.13他叫我到那里去。(引述人地点发生变化)即时演练 3单句改错7 7He told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears here.here 改为 there8 8He said that it was nine o'clock now.now 改为 then9 9He said that his sister had been there three days ago.ago 改为 before四、语序变化当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序。而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词。直接引语变成间接引语有以下几种情况：(1)直接引语为陈述句：间接引语变成 that 引导的宾语从句。 John said， “I like reading adventure stories.”John said thatthat he liked reading adventure stories.(2)直接引语是一般疑问句：间接引语变成 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。He asked Mary， “Do you want to go to the concert with me？”He asked Mary if/whetherif/whether she wanted to go to the concert with him.(3)直接引语是选择疑问句：间接引语变成 whether.or.引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词一般用 ask。She said， “Would you like tea or coffee？”She asked (us) whetherwhether we would like tea oror coffee.(4)直接引语是特殊疑问句：间接引语变成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked， “What is it all about？”He asked whatwhat it was all about.即时演练 4将直接引语变为间接引语1010She said, “Did you see him last night？”She asked (me) if I had seen him the night before.1111 “How do you feel？”the doctor asked him.The doctor asked him how he felt.1212She said， “Would you like to stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic？”She asked (me)if I would like to stay with her or go by myself on a picnic1413.13.“Who has broken my mirror？”Mary asked.Mary asked who had broken her mirror 应用落实应用落实 .单句语法填空1 1Mum is not in Beijing now.She has