定语从句 (10).ppt

Grammar语法知识语法知识定定语语从从句句Grammar修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语定语:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1）2）3）Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整。意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词/整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别作作宾语宾语时可以时可以省略省略不可以不可以省略省略 The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.The book,which I bought yesterday,is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.有有有有thatthatthatthat，作，作，作，作宾语宾语宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略时可以省略时可以省略无无无无that,that,that,that,作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略 ，我昨天买的那本书是 哈里.波特与凤凰令1.1.指物时只用指物时只用that that 或或which which 的情况的情况2.2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.Whose 3.Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式4.as 4.as 与与whichwhich的区别的区别5.5.指人时指人时that that 与与whowho的区别的区别6.6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点常见考点1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverythingin.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等等修饰时修饰时先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行词前有修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或或者者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用who,which，而用而用that。1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that。只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_hetolduswasquitesimple.that/which/不填不填that/inwhich/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.（04湖北）湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考题链接：高考题链接：考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可不可用用that或或who代替代替The man is from Beijing UniversityBeijing University.I talked about him at the meetingI talked about him at the meeting.The man The man(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)I talked I talked about about at the meeting at the meeting is from Beijing University.is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置主体，不作前置Is this the book(which/that)you are looking for?Fillingblanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有的名词，但也有特殊情况特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,point,situation,positionsituation,position ,part,part,condition,condition和和casecase等表示等表示抽象意义的词，常用抽象意义的词，常用where where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种到了某种地步，在某种境况中地步，在某种境况中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.（06江西）江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活做题要灵活;要分析句子成分要分析句子成分,选择恰当的选择恰当的关系词。关系词。wherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.wherethat综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when难点三难点三.综合考查综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示友情提示考点三考点三Whose用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用asas。1.1.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.e.g.SuchSuch books books as as you tell me are interesting.you tell me are interesting.I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you.2.2.asas 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as,as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 knowknow,see,expect,announce,point out see,expect,announce,point out 等。等。e.g.e.g.AsAs we all know,the earth is round.we all know,the earth is round.1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词作先行词时时,用用”who”代替代替“that”.考点五考点五:that与与who的区别的区别whowhowho 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjobisam 3.This is one of the best books _.3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written C.that has written D.that have written D.that have written4.She is the only one of the girls _ well 4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.in class.A.which sings B.who sing A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing C.who sings D.who to sing1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。ExercisesExercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是inwhich3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、whatB8.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD9.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB10.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD13.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatB14.Thisisthesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：比较：.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，表示表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，表示 同一类同一类则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.表示同一个表示同一个15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso.that后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句that不充当成分，有宾语用不充当成分，有宾语用that反之用反之用as16._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB17.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatC19.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC20.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five _wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句21.Here are players from Japan,some of 21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends._ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends._ are our old friends.A.which B.that A.which B.that C.whom D.them C.whom D.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD解题思路:1.1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。3.3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词词and,butand,but等。等。Translation 1.1.这就是那位帮助我的人。这就是那位帮助我的人。2.2.你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。3.3.你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？This is the man who helped me.Mrs.Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?4.4.我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。5.5.他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。6.6.请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？The present that/which I received was from my brother.He came to my home during the week when I was out.Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?1.Weshouldgototheplace_wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.whatBC3.ItwasOctober_wemetinShenzhenforthefirsttime.4.ItwasinOctober_wemetinShenzhenforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whileCA对比训练对比训练 5.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.6.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllike.A.whomB.thatC.asD.whichBC Homework：1.Make the difference between The Attributive Clause and The Appositive Clause.2.Find out the difference between The Attributive Clause and The Adverbial Clause.Thanks for listening.