高考英语语法时间状语从句考点分析讲义.docx
高中英语语法时间状语从句考点分析引导时间状语从句的连词汇总时间状语从句是一种使用频率极高的状语从句,也往往是学习状语从句的第一步。很多人看到各种变化的时态和丰富的连词就开始觉得晕头转向了,但实际上时间状语从句并不难学,它的各个连词都是生活中常见的英语单词,只要记住它们遵循的时态原则,就能慢慢掌握了。用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。常用的连接词有:when, while, as;before, after;as soon as, hardly.when., no sooner.than.;till, until;since;by, by the time, by the end of。一. when、while和as: “当.时候”when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,也可以是瞬时动词,并且遵循主将从现原则:eg. When she comes, I will tell her the bad news.While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应),也可以表达对比的意思。eg. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同时发生) I choose this one while you choose that one.(对比)As表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生,as也可以强调“一先一后。eg. We always watch TV as we have dinner.(as表示“一边一边”) As we were going out, it began to snow.(我们下出门,再下的雪)二. before,after: 表示时间先后,遵循主将从现原则, 在表达过去时,before所在的从句谓语动词要使用一般过去时,其主句谓语动词要采用过去完成时,而after所在的从句谓语动词要采用过去完成时,其主句谓语动词要采用一般过去时。eg. It will be four days before they come back. After she had arrived home, it began to rain. Before it began to rain, she had already arrived school. After she had arrived school, it began to rain.三. till和until:“直到.”, 一般情况下两者可以互换,till多用于肯定句,untill多用于否定,untill还可用于强调句。eg. I didn't go to school until(till) my teacher called my parents. It was not until he came to my home that I started go out my room.四. since: "自从",一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。eg. I have been in Beijing since 2012. It is four years since I lived in Beijing.五. as soon as,hardly.when., no sooner.than.,hardly, scarcely, rarely:全部表示 “一.就”,且后四者位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。eg. No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed. He had fallen asleep as soon as he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.。* 除此之外,英语中还有一些其他的同义表达:the moment/instant/minute/second.;immediately/instantly/directly.;at/on六. by the time, by, by the end of:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时,如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。eg. By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the end of this term, I will have finished this work.七. each time, every time: "每次"eg. Each time he came to school, he would cause big events.八. as long as和so long as: “只要“,可以互相替换eg. You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. You can whatever you want so long as you finished your homework.英语语法中几个极易混淆的时间状语从句状语从句是一个较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。1) It was +时间点+when(当的时候时间是) It was 5 am when we arrived at the village. 2) It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才) It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again3) It is /has been +时间段+since(自从以来有) It is/has been 3 years since we last met. 突破点:一看be动词的时态,二看时间段还是时间点。 注意:在“It is /has been +时间段+since”句型中,从句的动词必须是短暂性的,如果是延续性的动词,时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如: It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了) 补充:as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连接词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。 every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当.,每次.;下次”等。 since引导的时间状语从句的四种用法用法1:since引导的时间状语从句中用短暂性动词的过去式,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此时,整个句子可以直接按照字面意思翻译。She has dealt with five guys since she divorced Tom. 她和汤姆离婚后和五个男人交往过。I have been missing her since she left.自从她离开我就一直很想念她。用法2:since引导的时间状语从句中用延续性动词或者状态动词的过去式,主句用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。此时,时间状语从句指示的时间是这个延续性动作结束直到现在这个时间段,翻译时不能按照字面翻译。用法3:since引导的时间状语从句中的动词用延续性动词的现在完成时,主句的动词用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。此时,状语从句指示的时间是延续性动作开始一直到现在这个时间段,翻译时可以直接按照字面意思理解。It has been almost five years since I have taught senior three students. 我从教高三开始到现在已经五年了。例句2:I have never heard from her since she has worked there. 自从她去那工作到现在为止,我没有收到过她的来信。用法4:since引导的时间状语从句中的动词用现在完成进行时,主句谓语动词用一般现在时。此时,不管since引导的时间状语从句的动词是延续性的还是非延续性的都不影响句子的意思,按照字面直接翻译即可。We think highly of your up-grading spirit since you have been trying to change yourself.从你一直努力改变自己以来,我们都高度赞赏你的上进精神。We all admire you since you have been doing everything to help the poor. 自从你一直做任何事情帮助穷人以来,我们都很钦佩你。以上就是since引导时间状语从句的用法,它的难点就在于复杂多变的时间关系,这在理解上给很多的中国考生带来非常大的困难。学科网(北京)股份有限公司