章振邦英语语法第五introduction.pptx

Introduction TasksmethodRequirementsSchedule 第1页/共27页TasksWHATHOWWHYWHICHWHEN第2页/共27页 WHATWhat does mean?第3页/共27页 HOW How to use?第4页/共27页 WHY Why should be used in this way?第5页/共27页 WHEN,WHICHWhen to use?Which expression is better?第6页/共27页We college students should focus on WHY,WHEN,WHICH第7页/共27页 Methodautonomous learning 学习者充分发挥主体能动性，相对独立地积极建构知识并不断调控自己的学习进程和学习状态的一种学习方式。第8页/共27页RequirementsPreviewExercisesAttending the classReviewQuizWHATWHATHOWHOWWHYWHYWHENWHENWHICHWHICH第9页/共27页 ScheduleIntroduction Grammatical HierarchyLecture 1 Sentence StructureLecture 2 Subject-verb Concord Lecture 3 Quiz1;Noun and Noun PhraseLecture 4 Genitive Noun;Determiners ILecture 5 Quiz 2;Determiners IILecture 6 PronounsLecture 7 Tense and Aspect Lecture 8 Passive voiceLecture 9 Quiz 3;Subjunctive mood;Unreal conditionalLecture 10 Auxiliaries Lecture 11 Infinitive;SubordinationLecture 12 -ing participle,-ed participle,Lecture 13 Quiz 4;Subordination IILecture 14 Relative clauseLecture 15 Comparison and comparative constructions;Inversion 第10页/共27页 Grammatical HierarchyWHATEXAMPLES第11页/共27页What is GRAMMARGrammar is the structural system of a language.Grammatical hierarchy:5 ranks sentence A full sentence can be clause segmented rank by rank phrase down to its smallest word constituents morpheme第12页/共27页What is MORPHEME?Morpheme is the minimum grammatical unit.It is also the smallest meaningful element of speech.Free morphemes (boy girl kind cruel give take)Bound morphemes affixes:inflectional (-s/-es -s -ed -ing -er/-est)derivational(prefix,suffix)第13页/共27页What is WORD?Word is composed of one or more morphemes.Classifications1Classification in terms of word-formation Simple words/Morpheme Word Derivatives=free morpheme+derivative affix Compounds=two or more free morphemes2Classification in terms of grammatical function第14页/共27页What is PHRASE?Phrase is a group of words organized in a specific way with a key word as its head.Its the word class of the head that determines the class of the phrase and the way in which the words are organized.第15页/共27页What is PHRASE?Noun phrase =(DET+)(pre-modifier+)noun(+post-modifier)Verb phrase =(modifier+)main verb;=(auxiliary/auxiliaries+)(modifier+)main verbAdjective phrase =(modifier+)adjective(+post-modifier/completmentation)main verbAdverbial phrase =(modifier+)adverb(+post-modifier)Prepositional phrase =(modifier+)preposition+completmentation第16页/共27页What is CLAUSE?A full-fledged clause is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of“subject+predicate”.Types Independent and dependent clausesSimple and complex clausesMain and subordinate clausesFinite and non-finite clausesVerbless clauses第17页/共27页What is SENTENCE?Sentence is a grammatical unit that can stand by itself and perform a communicative function.Types full sentence(formal)minor sentence(informal,prominence,not necessarily omitting,summarizing the text)simple sentence compound sentence complex sentence compound-complex sentence第18页/共27页AssignmentHow many ranks can English grammar be divided into?What are they?Define and explain with plenty of examples.Write down the answer on your notebook.第19页/共27页Sentence StructureWHATEXERCISES第20页/共27页Clause elementsSentence/Clause =Subject+Predicate NP.VP.What is SUBJECT?The subject is the topic or theme of the sentence,which tells of what the sentence is about.What is PREDICATE?The predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader第21页/共27页II.Basic clause typesThe subject is usually a NP,which follows a certain structure;The predicate show variety in structure.It is the character of predicate verb that determines the variety of the VP structure.NP VPS V(S.+intransitive verb)S VC(S.+linking verb)S VO(S.+monotransitive verb)S VoO(S.+ditransitive verb)S VOC(S.+complex transitive verb)S VA S VOACf.SVO+adverbial phrase第22页/共27页TransformationAffirmative NegativeStatement QuestionActive Passive 第23页/共27页Expansion Adding modifiersCoordinationSubordination 第24页/共27页AssignmentReview and finish the ex.Preview pp28-52,finish the ex.第25页/共27页ReferencePredicate述语Predication述谓结构Predicator=predicate verb谓语动词Predicate=operator+predication =predicator+object+complement +adverbial第26页/共27页感谢您的观看！第27页/共27页