British history.ppt
The Civil WarsThe Civil WarsContradiction between Puritans and the Stuart monarchesJames I promised to drive the Puritans out of the land,althought he did a concessionPuritans called for further limitation of the kings powerlong time conflict,but did not deteriorate into Civil Wars,until Charles I succeeded the throne of his father,James I(a series of wars)background:THE break out of the Civil Wars(10,1640)Charles Idid not have the great ability as his father and lackof experiencehe determined to rule withouta paliament he married a Catholic princesssimilar fears were abroad in scotlandCharles I s try to crush Scots by force,but failed.He had call the parliament for money,which agitate(激起)激起)anger.:Parliament win Parliament win in 1651in 1651THE Result of the Civil Warsexecuted Charles I,exile(流放)流放)his son Charles IIreplace English monarchy with the First Commonwealth of England(1649-1953)RestorationProtectorate(1653-1659)under Oliver Cromwells personal rulesince then the king was never allowed to govern without the permission of Parliamentafter Cromwells death,Charles II was invited back to be the kinghis early years of reign was not gloriousGlorious revolutionGlorious revolution(the takeover was smooth without bloodshed)James II(openly Catholic),Charless brother,took the crown the Parliament begged the Dutch Stadholder William of OrangeJames II fled to FranceWilliam and his wife were crowned as joint monarchs in 1688Constitutional Monarchy1.establishment:Parliament passed the Bill of Rights to limit the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament Mary and William signed the bill into lawConstitutional Monarchy was legally established2.emhancement:Parliament were afraid that the throne would revert to JamesII,his son or other Catholic claimants.the Act of Settlement was passed in 1701 union of England and Scotland(they came to the agreement with Act of Union in 1707)P49the sign of the stronger power of parliamentThe Rise and Fall of thethe British empireBritish empire1.House of Hanover House of HanoverCrown pass to the House of Hanover when the last Stuart monarch Queen diedThe dynasty has 6 monarchs,the first spoke poor English (they were considered Foreigners).Hanover was joined to British crown until Victoria became the Queen.2.House of Windsor2.House of Windsor Throne passed to German House During World War I,anti-German sentiment grew and reach a peak when was able to bomb London directly Royal family decided to adapt anglicized(英语化)of their German titles and house nameOverseas WarsOverseas Warsunder Elizabeth,great enemy was Spainduring 1700s,France battlefield:not only Europe but also in Canada&India key issue:no longer the religious conflicts Maeket for trade is the main concern18th century,England rise to be the worlds most powerful colonia lpower,main rival is Francefamous victories1805 Trafalgar Lord Nelson defeated a combined French and Spain fleetNelsons columnTrafalar Square1815-06-18 battle of Waterloo Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon,ended Napoleons European dream(tip:meet ones Waterloo means he will encounter his final disaster)