历年英语真题.pdf

2003年 1月大学英语四级试题答案Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Like many of my generation,I have a weakness for hero worship.At some point,however,we all begin toquestion our heroes and our need for them.This leads us to ask:What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures,heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristicsthat instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about.A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community whowill listen.But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.Like high-voltage transformers,heroes take theenergy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation.Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth,enthusiasm,and meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve?What are they willingto live and die for?If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame,they may be famouspersons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous,but who would claim that their fans find lifemore abundant?Heroes are catalysts(催化齐U)for change.They have a vision from the mountaintop.They have the skill andthe charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi,India might still be part of theBritish Empire.Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King,Jr.,we might still have segregated(隔离的)buses,restaurants,and parks.It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magneticpersonalities,but the pace of change would be slow,the vision uncertain,and the committee meetings endless.11.Although heroes may come from different cultures,t hey.A)generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB)probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC)are often influenced by previous generationsD)all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12.According to the passage,heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in t ha t.A)they have a vision from the mountaintopB)they have warm feelings and emotionsC)they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD)they can make people feel stronger and more confident13.Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes b e c a u s e.A)they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB)their performances do not improve their fans morallyC)their primary concern is their own financial interestsD)they are not clear about the principles they should follow14.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who.A)are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB)can move the masses with their forceful speechesC)are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD)can provide an answer to the problems of their people15.The author concludes that historical changes wo u l d.A)be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB)not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC)take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleD)produce leaders with attractive personalitiesPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:According to a survey,which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students,todays traditional-agecollege freshmen are“more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)than at any time in the 17 years of thepoll.Not surprising in these hard times,the students major objective“is to be financially well off.Less importantthan ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of It follows then that today the most popular course is notliterature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching,social service and the“altruistic“fields is at a low.On the other hand,enrollment inbusiness programs,engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either.A friend of mine(a sales representative for a chemical company)was makingtwice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.While its true that we all need a career,it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredibleamount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of theseother contributions be they scientific or artistic.It is equally true that,in studying the diverse wisdom of others,we learn how to think.More important,perhaps,education teaches us to see the connections between things,aswell as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages,only to drive their employer out of business.No company;no job.How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of theages,we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzledas they sit around a conference table;one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机)：“Miss Baxter,“he says,“could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view,thats what education really ought to be about.16.According to the authors observation,college s t u d e n t s.A)have never been so materialistic as todayB)have never been so interested in the artsC)have never been so financially well off as todayD)have never attached so much importance to moral sense17.The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do wi t h.A)the influences of their instructorsB)the financial goals they seek in lifeC)their own interpretations of the coursesD)their understanding of the contributions of others18.By saying“While its true that.be they scientific or artistic,(Lines 1-3,Para.5),the author means thatA)business management should be included in educational programsB)human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC)human intellectual development has reached new heightsD)the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked19.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can.A)create varying artistic interestsB)help people see things in their right perspectiveC)help improve connections among peopleD)regulate the behavior of modern people20.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A)Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B)Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C)People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D)Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:New technology links the world as never before.Our planet has shrunk.It?s now a“global village wherecountries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link.And,of course,our ability to benefit from thishigh-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modem businesspeople who have a growing respectfor the economic value of doing business abroad.In modem markets,success overseas often helps supportdomestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks.Theexecutive stationed in another country no longer need fear being“out of sight and out of mind.He or she can besure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success,and that promotions often follow oraccompany an assignment abroad.If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,superiors willhave greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the U nited States where cross-cultural considerationsand foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications,even smallbusinesses in the U nited States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business.But there is an ever-growing need for people who canspeak another language.A second language isnt generally required to get ajob in business,but having languageskills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equalThe employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forwardcertain negotiations,and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.Theemployee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machineis an obvious asset to the firm.21.What is the authors attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?A)Critical.C)Indifferent.B)Prejudiced.D)Positive.22.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment,b u s in e s s p e o p le.A)have to get familiar with modern technologyB)are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC)are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD)are eager to work overseas23.In this passage,4out of sight and out of mind(Lines 2-3,Para.3)probably m e a n s.A)being unable to think properly for lack of insightB)being totally out of touch with business at homeC)missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD)leaving all care and worry behind24.According to the passage,what is an important consideration of international corporations in employingpeople today?A)Connections with businesses overseas.B)Ability to speak the clients language.C)Technical know-how.D)Business experience.25.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can.A)better control the whole negotiation processB)easily find new approaches to meet market needsC)fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD)easily make friends with businesspeople abroadPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:In recent years,Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and moreworldly-wise.Foreign travel is a national passion;this summer alone,one in 10 citizens will go abroad.Exposedto higher standards of service elsewhere,Israelis are returning home expecting the same.American firms havealso begun arriving in large numbers.Chains such as KFC,McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standardof customer service,using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontlinestaff.Even the American habit of telling departing customers to“Have a nice day“has caught on all over Israel.“Nobody wakes up in the morning and says,Lets be nicer,says Itsik Cohen,director of a consulting firm.Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization,or the threat of it,is a motivation as well.Monopolies(垄断者)that until recently have beenfree to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry,a marketing professor,calls the revengeful(报复的)consumer.When the government opened up competition with Bezaq,the phone company,itsinternational branch lost 40%of its market share,even while offering competitive rates.Says Perry,Peoplewanted revenge for all the years of bad service.The electric company,whose monopoly may be short-lived,hassuddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman.Now,appointments are scheduled to thehalf-hour.The graceless El Al Airlines,which is already at auction(拍卖)，has retrained its employees toemphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,uYou can feel the changein the air.For the first time,praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.26.It may be inferred from the passage t hat.A)customer service in Israel is now improvingB)wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC)the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD)Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones27.In the authors view,higher service standards are impossible in I s r ael.A)if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB)unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC)if theres no competition among companiesD)without strict routine training of employees28.If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure,A)they can have it fixed in no timeB)its no longer necessary to make an appointmentC)the appointment takes only half a day to makeD)they only have to wait half an hour at most29.The example of El Al Airlines shows t hat.A)revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB)an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC)a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD)staff retraining is essential for better service30.Why did Bez叫s international branch lose 40%of its market share?A)Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B)Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C)Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D)Because it no longer received any support from the government.Part III Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes)Directions:There are 3.0.incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices markedA),B),C)and D).Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.31.Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone them.A)discovered C)would have discoveredB)will discover D)discovers32.Though in a big city,Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A)grown C)tendedB)raised D)cultivated33.The careless man received a ticket for speeding.He have driven so fast.A)cant C)shouldntB)wouldnt D)mustnt34.If people feel hopeless,they dont bother to the skills they need to succeed.A)adopt C)accumulateB)acquire D)assemble35.If I harder at school,I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A)worked C)had workedB)were to work D)were working36.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was of cheating customers.A)accused C)scoldedB)charged D)cursed37.All her energies are upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A)guided C)directedB)aimed D)focused38.While crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns lest they_by wild animals.A)should be attacked C)must be attackedB)had been attacked D)would be attacked39.Everyone should be_ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A)attributed C)identifiedB)entitled D)justified40.His wife is constantly funding with him,which makes him very angry.A)errors C)faultB)shortcomings D)flaw41.Vitamins are complex that the body requires in very small mounts.A)matters C)particlesB)materials D)substances42.Apart from caring fbr her children,she has to take on such heavy housework as carrying waterand firewood.A)time-consumed C)time-consumingB)timely-consumed D)timely-consuming43.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction,completely to the outside world.A)having been lost C)losingB)to be lost D)lost44.The police are trying to find out the of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A)evidence C)statusB)recognition D)identity45.All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the they kee