初中8种基本时态讲解.doc

英语时态8种基本时态讲解一概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。二种类：（基本时态）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时三用法：1一般现在时：1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型结构：主语.（包括be动词）宾语   She is an engineer.   He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。   I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .   They go home once a week .   We usually do our homework at home .  b)表客观现实或普遍真理。   The sun always rises in the east .   The light travels faster than the sound .  c)表永远性的动作或状态。   He lives in the country .4）第三人称单数变化形式。  a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .   come-comes      speak-speaks      work-works      live-lives  b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.   do-does      go-goes      finish-finishes      brush-brushes      fix-fixes      pass-passes      watch-watches  c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.   Study-studies      carry-carries      cry-cries  d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-s.   play-plays      stay-stays  例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。我在早上七点半起床。他每天七点去上班。我们经常下午打篮球。他喜欢音乐。地球围绕太阳转。火车六点出发。5）否定句和疑问句。a)-He is an engineer.   -He isnt an engineer.   -Is he an engineer?   -Yes, he is ./ No, he isnt.  b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning .   -We dont get up at 7:30 in the morning .   -Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?   -Yes, we do. / No, we dont.  c)-He likes music.   -He doesnt like music.   -Does he like music?   -Yes ,he does./ No, he doesnt .2一般过去时1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2）句型结构：主语.过去时宾语例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽烟了。两年前他去参军了。他在1990年去世了。3）否定句和疑问句。a)-He was busy yesterday. -He wasnt busy. -Was he busy? -Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year. -He didnt smoke last year. -Did he smoke last year? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.c)-He joined the army in 1990. -He didnt joined the army in 1990.   -Did he join the army in 1990?   -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.4）动词过去式变化规则。 a)一般情况下的词加-ed.  work-worked      call-called      laugh-laughed    Explain-explained      finish-finished      knock-knocked b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d .  live-lived      change-changed      smoke-smoked      die-died  graduate-graduated      drive-drove c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.  study-studied    carry-carried    cry-cried   try-tried        marry-married d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.  play-played    stay-stayed e)以“一个元音字母一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.  stop-stopped     plan-planned      pat-patted f)动词不规则变化：  do-did        go-went       come-came   run-ran      write-wrote  begin-began    drink-drank    keep-kept    leave-left    sleep-slept  make-made     lie-lay       dig-dug      eat-ate       know-knew   cut-cut         set-set       let-let        read-read    hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。      去年我买了一辆自行车。      每天晚上我听音乐。      她通常待在家里。      两天前我完成了这项工作。复习：1) I           (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He           (be) a student now.3) He           (do) his homework at home every day.4) They           (join) the Party in 1998.5) We               (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We               (not play) basketball every day.7) He               (not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. (划线部分提问)9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (划线部分提问)10) They joined the Party in 1990. (划线部分提问)11) I went to Beijing last year. (划线部分提问)3一般将来时1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。2)句型结构：主语will/shallV.原形（第一人称用shall） I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. -She will be 20 years old. -Will she be 20 years old? -Yes, she will./ No, she wont .3)主语will/shallV.原形 be(am, is, are)going to They will have a meeting next Sunday. (will=are going to ) -What will they do next Sunday ? -When will they have a meeting?4) be about toV.原形 I am about to leave school.不能与表示时间的副词连用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.(×) 复习题：  1.He           (do) his homework at school every day.  2.They           (finish) their work yesterday.  3.We           (visit) their farm next year.  4.我半小时后要吃午饭。  5.他将骑自行车去学校。  6.他们下周日将去买汽车。4过去将来时 1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。 2）基本结构：主语+would/should  was/were going to +V.原形+  He said that he would have a meeting next week.  (He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)  They said we should leave school tomorrow.  (They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5现在进行时1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now, at present 等时间状语连用。2)基本结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +  You are listening to me carefully now.  She is writing a letter this year.  Look! They are dancing.  We are studying English at present .  Its raining hard now.3）动词现在分词的构成    一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo doing        read - readingwork working    think thinkingstudy studying  go goingwatch watching  jump - jumping    以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加  inglike liking     take takingleave leaving   live livingreceive receiving dance dancingcome coming    smoke smoking     write - writing    以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop stopping   begin beginningdig digging     swim swimmingrun running     sit sitting(注意：listen listening  open opening  eat eating rain raining   sleep - sleeping)4)  6 过去进行时1）  表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 通常与 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。2）  基本结构  主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +1.      It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2.      They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3.      We were reading when the teacher came in.We werent readingWere you readingWhat were you doing when the teacher came in.3)       例句 1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。         2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。4.      I _ (do) my homework yesterday.5.      He _ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6.      He _ (do) his homework now.  7.现在完成时1）   1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响2表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时间状语连用  up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2)       基本结构  主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)1.      Ive finished this work.2.      He has ever been to Australia.3.      I have not heard from her recently.4.       I have already read this book.         Have you read?         Yes, I have.   No, I havent.         What have you read?3)       过去分词的构成 （规则变化同过去式的构成）不规则变化如下  do  did  done