高考英语语法复习：现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时素材.docx

课 题复习时态（二）现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时教学内容一、知识点1、现在完成时一、定义：现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态，或者过去的动作或状态 对现在造成的影响或结果。I don't want to see the film, because I have seen it before也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能有可能停止，或有可能继续延续下去。He has learned English since 2001. 从2001年开始学的（，现在还在继续学着呢）二、.现在完成时的结构现在完成时的构成形式：have /has （助动词）+done（过去分词）I/You/TheyAVe have talked .He/She has talked.现在完成时的否定结构就是在助动词have或has后加上否定词not；I/You/TheyAVe haven9t（have not） talked .He/She hasn't（has not） talked.其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或has提到句首，Have I/You/They/We talked .Has he/she talked.肯定的简略回答是:Yes,主语+have/回s.,否定的简略回答是：No,主语+have/has not.。如：I have seen the film, f Have you seen the film? Yes, I have./No, I haven't.三、现在完成时的标志1、for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志.for与since区别：for +时间段 since+时间点I have lived in Changchun two years.I have been here 7 o'clock.I have studied in this school since I came to China用since和for填空two years 2.two years ago 3.last month 4. 19992、already （肯定句）,yet （否定,疑问句）20. (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.21. Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, (turn)the old town into a dreamland二、单项单句改错1、 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.2、In the mornings, it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees3 .A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.4 . We must found ways to protect our environment5 .So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.6 .Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.7 .Tony was scared and begun to cry.8 Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.9 .My dream school look like a big garden.10 . The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.11 . When I was at college I spoken three foreign languages, but I had forgotten all except a few words of each.12 . The teacher told that the sun rose in the east.13.1 will speak to him when I will see him next Sunday.I have already finished my homework, already 用在， 位于。“ 已经”Have you finished your homework yet? yet 用在和中，位于。”仍然，已经”3)so far(目 前;迄今为止) up to now=till now=by now 至ll现在为止； 直至ll现在 lecently 最近by the end of到末/结束by the end of this yeai 到今年年末 by the end of this month 至!J本月 末in the last /past months 在过去的几个月 中 in the past/last few days/years 在过去的这几天4、用于现在完成时的句型1) It is the first / second time that+ 现在完成时。2) It was the first / second time that+ 过去完成时这是我第一次欣赏月光。3)用“It is/has been+时间段+since”句型。如：It is/has been three years since I bought the book.(从买这本书起到现在已三年 了)四、跟一段时间连用表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词 例如：（1）这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：I have bought the book for three months.正确： 你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误： How long has your brother joined the army?正确：延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be awayborrow keepbuy - havebegin/start - be ondie be deadfinish - be overfall ill be illget up-be upcatch a cold have a coldgo there - be therebecome befall asleep - be asleepget to/ arrive/reach - be (in)come here - be herecome back - be backleave - be away fromget to know - knowgo (get) out be output on wearjoinbe a member of.（成为的一员）open -be openclose be closedThe old man died 4 years ago.He joined the Party 2 years ago.1 bought the book 5 days ago.五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发 生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw the film yesterday.I have seen the film2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：.ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past Just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then（那时）,that day, one day, once（从前）现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far （至U 目前为止），since, for, in the past/last few years , already （肯定句），yet （否定,疑问句），just（刚刚），before （以前）连用。六、比较 have/has been to> have/has gone to 和 have been inhave（has） been to表示"曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了“，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have（has） gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来have（has） been in表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等 课堂练习：1. Up to now, the program thousands of children who would otherwisehave died. A. would save B. savesC. had saved D. has saved2.1 n the last few years thousands of films all over the word.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produce3 His first novel good reviews since it came out last month.A. receives B. is receiving C. will receiveD. has received4.1 t is the most instructive lecture that I since I came to this school.A. attended B. had attendedC. are attendedD. have attended5. This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family.A. seeB. had seenC. sawD. have seen2、现在完成进行时一、基本结构：主语+have/has+been doing二、现在完成进行的基本用法1 .现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作很可能继续进行下去。如：It has been raining since last Sunday.He's been watching television all day.2 .现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如： She is very tired. She's been typing letters all day.Her eyes are red. She has been crying.三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1 .现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：I have read the book.I have been reading the book.2 .现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：I have waited for two hours.(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours. (等得好辛苦)3 .不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如：Fve only known her for two day.我认识她刚刚两天。They've been married for twenty years. 他们结婚 已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。练习：用动词正确形式填空。1. You know, I(look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.2. My sister(stay) in Beijing for three months last year.3. The little boy is dirty all over because he(play) in the mud all the morning.4. Here he is! We(wait) anxiously for him since last night.3、过去完成时一、基本概念总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的 动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情I had 行nishedreading the novel by nine o'clock last night.二、构成肯定句:主语+助动词had +过去分词+其他否定句 had not. 例如：I said I hadn't learnt Lesson 20 yet.疑问句 Had.? 例如：Had you ever seen such an exciting match before? Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't. 三、语法判定1 .由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1 ) by +过去的时间点。如：I had finishedreading the novel by nine o'clock last niht.(2 ) by the end of +过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the eed of last term.(3 ) before +过去的时间点。如： Before 10:00 yesterday, he had finishedhis homework.2 .由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。She said she had seen the film 4 times.四、用法1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party.(即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。) They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.(即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。)1、过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。例如： He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here .By the time I got there, it had already finished.Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years ever since she was born.3、叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常 使用过去完成时。例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.4、过去完成时常常用在d, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时 从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。5、状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过 去时。如:when, before, after, as soon as, till/until 弓【导的例如：. 我醒来时雨已停了。6、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。五、其它句型1. It was the first time that从句中,从句用过去完成时。It was the first time that he had seen so beautiful scenery。2、.Hardly/scarcely.when与no sooner than引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时时，主句就用过去完成时。e.g： He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.He had no sooner arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。注：hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner放在句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain六、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响, 与现在有关过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过 去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I(learn) 1000 English words so far.I(learn) 1000 English words till then.七、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去“；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时 间。比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.练习：.单项选择1. He asked me during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What Jane by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did.D. had, done3.1 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learnedD. learnt4. She lived here for years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked4、过去将来时一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形2、 was/were going to+动 词原形二、过去将来时的用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o'clock tomorrow.2、表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand,每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援 助之手。巩固练习：1. Li Ming said he happy if Brian to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come2.What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he the Disney World the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit二、课堂练习 一、单句语法填空1. While making great efforts to run away, she(fall) over the hill and died.1.1 n order to get good marks in the coming exam, my son(study) late every night in the past three weeks.3. Mrs Weldon(weigh) only fifty kilograms, she looks as if she is very weak.4. Despite the previous rounds of talks, by the two sides(reach) no agreement so far5. What Tai Chi does for the body (attract) the attention of western scientists until now.6. Since then, the little cloud(travel) all over the world, enjoying the views of all the forests and beautiful countryside.7. He(eat) something at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital.8. . Most of people think that the use of cellphones should (ban) while they are driving, because in that case accidents can easily happen.9. Each year approximately 110 teachers and experts(employ) from more than twenty countries to teach at BFSU.1.1 1 have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope (attend) many more in the coming years.1.2 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message(hide)within the work.12 .Parents should actively urge their children(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.13 .The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,(make) air conditioning unnecessary.14 . I'm going to take advantage of this tour (explore)the history of the castle.1 5.In 193L Addams became the first American woman(win) the Nobel Peace Prize.16 . No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence(suggest)that the trend is growing.17 . The Athletic Department is looking for students(help)assist staff during the Fall 2016 , Winter 201617 and Spring 2017 semesters.18 . Students(interest)in working for the AthleticDepartment should contact the Athletic Coordin ator at their respective campuses.19. (make)it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.