2019年高考英语高考英语含答案解析_中学教育-高考.pdf

.word.zl.高考英语试卷 选择题局部 第一局部 听力(略)第二局部 阅读理解(共两节，总分值 35分)第一节(共 10小题；每题 2.5分，总分值 25分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最正确选项。A munity(社区)service is important for many reasons.Taking part and volunteering teaches sympathy and understanding.One of my favorite things about it is that there are opportunities and choices right in your very neighborhood.When I was younger，I volunteered for a nearby animal shelter.At first I didnt know many people there and wasnt very enthusiastic.Later，as I got to know the animals and staff members I learned to enjoy my time there.It was a very rewarding experience and I got to do many things I wouldnt have had an opportunity to do otherwise.Sometimes when I was there I would see other kids taking part.Most of them were volunteering because they needed service hours for school.These kids sometimes just sat around waiting for their time to pass.But there were also others，who had apparently enjoyed their experiences，and wanted to do more afterwards.Not only is munity service fun and rewarding，it also looks great on a resume(简历)or college application.Sometimes munity service is even required for high school graduation.Last year in my life skills class we were asked to write a paper about whether we thought requiring students at a university to plete 75 hours of munity service was a good idea.I wrote，“I dont think that is too much as long as the students are given enough time and a variety of choices.As I move through life I will be always involved in munity service，not just because it is important but also because it is something I enjoy and look forward to.So maybe it is the right time you should go out，volunteer your time and make a difference，even if your reward is only a nod or smile.word.zl.语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳，从中获益良多，并鼓励人们也参与进来。1The writer began to enjoy volunteering at the animal shelter when he.Arealized the importance of munity service Bwitnessed some students wasting their time Cgot inspired by the enthusiastic volunteers Dadjusted himself to the new environment 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可推知，当作者适应了动物收容所的环境后，他开场享受在那里的志愿者工作。应选 D。2 What might be the writers attitude to the 75-hour munity service required for a university student?ACautious.BApproving.CUnconcerned.DDoubtful.答案 B 解析 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，作者对大学生要完成 75小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度。应选 B。3What is the writers purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce a growing trend of volunteering.BTo reflect on one of his volunteer experiences.CTo advocate participating in munity service.DTo make the benefits of munity service known.答案 C 解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知，作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的，所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去。应选 C。B(2021一模)Its 3 oclock and youve been hard at work.As you sit at your desk，a strong desire for chocolate overes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesnt.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken 下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题应选答案解析推理判断题根据第三段最后两句可知食物与情感有关系应选答案解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段第一句可知节食会导致饮食欲望的增加应选答案解析主旨大意题根.word.zl.soup，like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.Scientists at the website HowStuffWorks pare hunger and cravings this way.Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply“stomach hungerWhen our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten，a hormone(荷尔蒙)sends a message to one part of the brain，the hypothalamus(下丘脑)，for more food.The hypothalamus regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst，hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite.And you eat.Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is more plex.It activates(使活泼)brain areas related to emotion，memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.So，some scientists call food cravings“mind hunger People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar release chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings.So，the more you deny yourself a food that you want，the more you may crave it.However，fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.So，the next time you crave something very specific，know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.语篇解读 本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食的结果会导致饮食欲望的增加。4What is the function of the first paragraph?ATo deepen the understanding of hunger.BTo lead to the topic of the whole passage.CTo report the discovery of craving study.DTo remind readers of their own special food.答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.可知，第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题。应选 B。下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题应选答案解析推理判断题根据第三段最后两句可知食物与情感有关系应选答案解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段第一句可知节食会导致饮食欲望的增加应选答案解析主旨大意题根.word.zl.5What do we learn about food cravings?AIt means the stomach functions well.BIt ensures a person survives hunger.CIt shows food is linked to feelings.DIt proves the brain decides your appetite.答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar release chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.可知，食物与情感有关系。应选 C。6Whats the likely result of dieting?AThe increase of food desire.BThe decrease of chemicals.CThe refusal of fat and sugar.DThe disappearance of appetite.答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings.可知，节食会导致饮食欲望的增加。应选 A。7What does the passage mainly discuss?AThe findings of food cravings.BWhat hunger is all about.CThe functions of brain areas.DWhat dieting may bring us.答案 A 解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.可知，本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。应选 A。C(2021名校统练)Students in the United Kingdom will be using textbooks almost identical(完全一样的)to the ones that students in the Chinese city of Shanghai use from January 2021，in a bid to improve ailing 下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题应选答案解析推理判断题根据第三段最后两句可知食物与情感有关系应选答案解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段第一句可知节食会导致饮食欲望的增加应选答案解析主旨大意题根.word.zl.mathematics test results.The UK government will carry out the plan，worth US$54 million，which allows half of all primary school teachers to use the real Shanghai mathematics textbook series.As a result，the courses 36 books will be adopted in their curriculum.The materials will be roughly the same，simply replacing Chinese Renminbi symbols with the British Pounds.According to a NewYorkTimes report，Shanghai students topped international standardized testing of mathematics in 2021 based upon a“mastery(熟练掌握)approach to maths education.“Maths mastery involves children being taught as a whole class，building depth of understanding of the structure of maths，supported by the use of understanding of the structure of maths，supported by the use of high-quality textbooks，the British government said last July.With the help of funding up to 41 million，more than 8,000 primary schoolshalf of the total number in Englandwill receive support to adopt the approach，which is used by some of the leading performers in maths in the world，including Shanghai and Singapore.Unlike many Western countries，Chinese students performance in mathematics is above average in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment released in 2021 by the OECD showed one in four students in Shanghai are top performers in mathematics.This means students can handle tasks that require the ability to formulate(确切表 达)plex situations mathematically，using symbolic representations.The UK，however，has slightly lower numbers of top performers in mathematics than the OECD average.“All the time，Asians have been learning from the Western education system，Yong Zhao，a professor of education at The University of Kansas said as quoted by TheNewYorkTimes.“Suddenly，its the reverse(相反的情况)语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。英国将引进的数学教学方法和配套的数学教材，以提高英国学生每况愈下的数学成绩。8What does the underlined word“ailing in Paragraph 1 probably mean?Apetitive.BImpressive.CTerrible.DStable.答案 C 下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题应选答案解析推理判断题根据第三段最后两句可知食物与情感有关系应选答案解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段第一句可知节食会导致饮食欲望的增加应选答案解析主旨大意题根.word.zl.解析 词义猜想题。根据第一段的容可知，从 2021年 1 月起，英国的学生们将使用与中国的学生们所使用的几乎完全一样的数学教材，再结合第四段中的最后一句可知，数学成绩最好的英国学生人数低于 OECD的平均数，故英取此方法的目的是提高英国学生糟糕的数学成绩。ailing意为“每况愈下的，状况不佳的。应选 C。9What makes Shanghais students stand out in mathematics tests based on the passage?AAdopting excellent teaching methods.BSimplifying plex maths concepts.CValuing students independent learning.DSubscribing to high-difficulty textbooks.答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“Shanghai students topped international standardized testing of mathematics in 2021 based upon a mastery(熟练掌握)approach to maths education可知，的学生数学成绩优异得益于一种优秀的教学方法，应选 A。10What does the content of Paragraph 3 mainly indicate?ABritain has a lack of high-quality textbooks.BBritain devotes a lot to advancing its education.CBritish education falls far behind that of Singapore.DBritish primary schools need peoples support most.答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With the help of funding up to 41 million，more than 8,000 primary schoolshalf of the total number in Englandwill receive support to adopt the approach可知，英国投入了多达 4 100万英镑来支持英国半数的小学采用的数学教学方法，由此可推知，英国在开展其教育方面投入很大。应选 B。第二节(共 5 小题；每题 2 分，总分值 10分)根据短文容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Create Better Phone Habits If you find yourself constantly checking your cell phone，you may have a problem with overuse of the cell phone.11 Here are four tips on how to create better phone habits：1Put your phone away an hour before you go to sleep.Staring at a screen right before you try to 下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题应选答案解析推理判断题根据第三段最后两句可知食物与情感有关系应选答案解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段第一句可知节食会导致饮食欲望的增加应选答案解析主旨大意题根.word.zl.go to sleep is going to make it more difficult to fall asleep.12 Dont try to sleep with it right next to your head because you will spend more time focusing on who might be texting you than sleeping.2 Carry your phone in your bag or pocket.When you take your phone with you，dont carry it in your hand.13 This is especially important when you drive.Make sure your phone is hidden away when you drive so you are not tempted to look at it and text.3 14 Think of the best times of the day for you to not be on your phone texting and make it a“no phone time Turn your phone pletely off and put it away somewhere where you can t get to it for a few hours.Forcing yourself to do this daily will help train your brain to not get anxious when you are not to your phone.4Pretend like your cell phone is a home phone.15 Try pretending like your cell phone is a landline phone.Place it in one spot in your house and always leave it there and only use it there，instead of taking it with you everywhere you go.AAn hour before you go to sleep，text anyone you are talking to that you are going to sleep.BCell phones are an annoying invention.CHave set times when you are away from your phone.DTurn off your cell phone before you leave your home.EProbably one of the major reasons you are addicted to texting is because you can take your phone with you anywhere.FIt can lead to reduced quality of personal relationships and lack of productivity in daily life.GPut your phone somewhere where you can t see it.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何养成良好的手机使用习惯。11答案 F 解析 空格前一句提到如果你发现自己不断地查看手机，那么你或许有过度使用手机的问题。F 项指出了这一问题导致的不良后果，符合语境。12答案 A 解析 A 项与第二段第一句“Put your phone away an hour before you go to sleep.相吻合。应选A。13答案 G 解析 根据空格前的一句话和下文中的“Make sure your phone is hidden away可知，此处应下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题应选答案解析推理判断题根据第三段最后两句可知食物与情感有关系应选答案解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段第一句可知节食会导致饮食欲望的增加应选答案解析主旨大意题根.word.zl.指把手机放在你看不到的地方。应选 G。14答案 C 解析 空格处是该段的主题句。阅读本段后面的局部可知，本段主要说的是每天留出一点不把手机带在身边的时间。C 项概括了本段主旨，符合语境。15答案 E 解析 E 项中的“you can take your phone with you anywhere与空格后的“place it in one spot in your house and always leave it there相对应。应选 E。第三局部 语言运用(共两节，总分值 45分)第一节 完形填空(共 20小题；每题 1.5分，总分值 30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。(2021东北三省三校联考)It happened to Susan Black in a cold winter.Everything seemed in a 16 those days.Both her parents suffering from depression，sending for a 17 became a mon practice.As a woman in her 40s，it was a 18 job to be a teacher of 30 first-graders，who were always 19 ，and shed tried all sorts of methods，but 20 to get them quiet in class.Misfortunes were 21 one after another.After a long and tiring day at work，Susan dragged herself along，22 towards the parking lot.She came to the car，only to find she had locked her keys and cell phone inside.23 kicking the tyre of the car，she sensed tears 24 her cheeks.“Whats wrong？a voice was heard.Susan looked up，and saw a young man with a 25 at his side.Susan stopped weeping and explained her situation，adding that 26 he called her husband，he wouldnt bring her the spare car key，since he was working at the 27 end of the town and it was still not time to 28 the days work.“Call your 29 and tell him Im ing to get the key，the young man handed Susan his phone.“But thats nine miles round trip.said Susan.“Theres no time for 30 .Ill be back as soon as possible.Two hours later，the motor rider returned with a big smile and 31 face，the key in hand.Susan 32 some money，but he refused.“Lets just say I needed the 33 ，with those words，like a 34 in the movies，he rode off into the sunset.For Susan，the“cowboy not only picked the key，but 35 her day，or rather，warmed the long and cold winter days.下短文从每题所给的和四个选项中选出最正确选项社区简历语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要表达了作者参加过许多社区志愿效劳从中获益良多并鼓励人们也参与进来答案解析推理判断题根据第二段第三句可推知当作者适应对大学生要完成小时的社区效劳工作持赞成态度应选答案解析写作意图题根据最后一段最后一句和全文容可知作者认为做社区志愿效劳工作是非常有益的所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区效劳中去应选一模荷尔蒙下丘脑使活泼语篇解读第一段最后两句可知第一