Unit1Backtoschool重点词汇拓展讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）.docx

Unit 1Back to school重点单词与短语potential/p"tenfl/n.潜力；可能性Ua.潜在的，可能的搭have the potential to do sth有做某事的潜力仅用于名词前。the potential for（doing）sth（做）某事的可能性achieve/fUlfll/realize one's（full）potential 发挥某人的（全部）潜力 The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters.缺，点是他们要对那些潜在的租赁者进行一系列的收费。（浙江 卷）联 potentially2 senior/si:ni（r）/ad.中学的（招收11或13岁以上学生）；级别 高的；高级水平的；老年的瓜级别（或地位）较高者；较.年长 的人；高水平运动员senior high school 高级中学He is ten years senior to me.He is senior to me by ten years.他比我大10岁。He is ten years my senior.As a result of the pilots!strike,all flights have had to be cancelled. 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都取消了。联result in导致;造成result from由造成28tip/tp/n.指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费搭give tips给出建议from tip to toe从头到尾on the tip of one's tongue话到嘴边，想说而未说的；就在嘴边例Perhaps she could give us a few tips.或许她能给我们一些建议。2四base/beis/,vt.以.为基础（依据）瓜根据；基础；基底；总 部，大本营搭base.On/upon.把.建立在的基础上be on the base of.-=be based on/upon.以为基 a 础at the base of.在.底部After all,the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust.毕竟医患关系建立在信任的基础上。辨base指具体的基础：the base of the pyramid（金字塔的底部basis指抽象的基础：the basis of theory尽心了在乡下的某个晚上要点归纳“动词+sb of sth”，结构分warn sb of sth警告某人某事inform sb of sth告知某人某事破rob sb of sth抢某人某物persuade sb ofsth说服某人某事3)stickto坚持；固守，维持一tO为介词。stick to one's word,履行诺言例 Have you been sticking to your diet?你是否在坚持节食？32 proposal/pr3，paUz/n.提议，建议，动议等1考proposal表”提议，建议”，后接名词性从句时，从句用虚拟语气”(should+-)动词原形”形式。搭 put forward/make a proposal to do sth 提出做某事的建议a proposal fbr的建议submit a proposal 提交建议come up with a proposal 想至个建议draw up a proposal 起草提案 The committee put forward a proposal to reduce the time limit.该委员会提出了一个缩短时限的建议。33aim/elm/n.目的，目标Uvi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对搭without aim漫无目的地还可意为“瞄准”。with the aim of doing sth 旨在做某事aim to do/at doing sth 力争做某事be aimed at旨在；目的在于achieve one'saim达到某人的目的miss one'saim 没达到目 的All our proj ects aim to promote the development of poor and remc communities我们所有的项目都力争促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。（北京卷）3 professional/pEfeJanl/ad.职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴 的，精通业务的瓜专门人员，专业人士搭 professional advice 专业意见professional skills 专业技育Profession n.职业，专业He is my senior by ten years.联（反义）junior ad.（学校）为11或13岁以下儿童设立的；地位 （或级别）低的；青少年的职位较低者；青少年运动员junior high school 初级中学be junior to.比.年少/级别低3 challenge/tjelnd3/n.&vt.挑战；质疑搭 face/meet/accept a challenge 面对/迎接/接受挑战challenge sb to（do）sth 挑战某人（做）某事After lunch Carey challenged me to a game of tennis.午饭后，凯里邀请我进行一场网球比赛。4 opportunity/,Dps3u:neti/n.机会，时机opportunity侧重指有利或适合采取行动，以达到某一目的或实现某种愿望的最佳时机或机会chance侧重指偶然或意外的机会，有时也指正常或好的机会。另外，还可以表示“可能性”51iein存在于，在于（位于）考liein意为“存在于，在于”时，通常不用于进行时，主语常为抽 象 名词。The difficulty lies in providing sufficient evidence.困难在于要提供足够的证据。6 rise to能够处理（增加到）一to为介词。搭rise to the occasion/challenge成功应付困难局面/挑战例The team rose to the challenge.球队挺身迎接挑战。 acquire /a*kwala（r）/vt.获得，得到搭acquire a taste for sth开始喜欢某物acquire a knowledge of.获得.知识He spent years acquiring his skills as a doctor.他花了多年时间学习医生的技能。联acquisition n.获得；习得8 effort/'efht/n.努力,费力的事;试图（力气；精力）搭 make an effort to do sth尽力去做某事make every effort to do sth 尽全力做某事without effort 毫不费力put effort into doing sth 花力气做某事through sb*s efforts通过某人的努力spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事.many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.许多杰出的中国建筑师正努力登上中心舞台。（全国卷口）9 advance/dvans/n.进步，进展;前进，行进Ivt.&vi.发展，进步搭 in advance(=ahead of time)预先，事先 make an advance 取得进步in advance of.超前于；To catch the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.为了赶上早班的航班，我们提前叫了一辆出租车，而 且很早就起床了。(北京卷)联advanced adj.先进的；高级的；高等的0 amazing/A，melzm/ad.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的It was amazing that he knew nothing about the event.他对这个事件毫不知情，真让人感到诧异。词汇串记surprise vt.astonish vt.amaze vt.使惊奇，震惊使惊讶amazing adj.surprising adj.astonishing adj.令人惊奇的令人惊讶的令人大为惊奇的astonished adjamazed adjsurprised adj.感到惊讶的感到惊奇的感到惊奇的 confidence/，kpnfidans/n.信心，信任；把握(自信；机密)搭have confidence to do sth有信心做某事be lack of confidence 缺乏自信have/lose confidence in sb/sth对某人/某事有/失去信心win back the confidence of.赢回.的信任联confident adj.自信的；有把握的2 make a difference起作用，有影响考difference前面可以加上big、great等形容词，表示程度。搭make a difference to.对.起作用/有影响One false step will make a great difference.谚失之毫厘，谬以千里。3 take advantage of 利用(=make use of)Taking advantage of the new technologies,scammers can aim at victims precisely.利用新技术，诈骗者可以精确地瞄准受害者。(北京卷)take full advantage of(=make full use of-make the best of)of equal size/length 大小 V 长度相等be equal to与.相等；与.平等；能胜任be without equal=-have no equal 无敌， 无与伦比A equal(s)B(in.)A与B(在方面)相等例All men are born equal.人人生而平等。联 equalityn.平等；均等 equalize attitude/，aetitju:d/n.态度，看法形近词：altitude n.海拔：高度搭one's attitude towards/to.某人对的态度take/hold a/an.attitude 采取/持态度I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.我对网上投票持积极态度。16goa/gul/n.目标；进球得分(球门)搭set a goal设定目标achieve/reach a goal 达至U 目标get/kick a goal 踢进一个球keep goal=-be in goal 守球门词汇串记goal n.Aimn.目的，目标object n.目的，目标目标targetn.（攻击的）目标，对象7 balance/'baelans/vt.同等重视；（使）保持平衡；权衡重要性In. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力（生：n.余额；差额；天平）搭on balance总而言之，总的来说keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡out of balance失去平衡a sense of balance 平衡感keep a balance between.and.保持.和.的平衡例I lost my balance and fell on my face.我失去平衡，脸着地摔倒 了。联balanced ad.均衡的一a balanced diet均衡的饮食 improve/rrfpru:v/vt.&vi.改进， 改善（improvement z.改进） improve in.在.方面有进步improve on.使.变得更好，改良Students then have an opportunity to improve their product.Last but not least jet me introduce Jane,our new secretary.最后但同样重要的是，让我来介绍简，我们新来的秘书2四character/kaerokta（r）/n品质，性格：特点；人物，角色；文 字.搭 main/central character 主人公cartoon character 卡通人物in character符合某人的性格out of character不符合某人的性格Candida is the most interesting character in the play坎迪达是剧中最有趣的人物。 responsible/Psponsabl/au.有责任，负责； 可靠的搭 be responsible fbr 对负责例 You are supposed to be responsible fbr them.你应当对他们负责。responsibility n.责任; 义务have/take responsibility fbr（doing）sth 有/承担（做）某事的责任2 ahead/ahed/aud.（时间、空间）向前；提前in advance预先，事先搭ahead of在.之前ahead of time/schedule 提前go ahead口可以,千吧go ahead with开始做，着手干getahead取得进步，获得成功look ahead往前看，为未来做打算We reached the stream,and they unwillingly walked ahead.我们走到河边，他们不情愿地走在前面。（天津卷）23 fdrward/fo:wad/ad.向将来；向前；进展，前进搭look forward to盼望，期待put forward 提出move forward向前移动step forward 向前走例 Pm looking forward to hearing from you.我期待收到你的来信。 联(反义)backward(s)ad.向后地；退步地24 independent/,ndFpendant/,ad.自主的，有主见的；自立的搭 be independent of 独立于5 fbeus/'fhokos/,n.焦点,重点lll.&i.集中(t.&i.对准，聚焦)搭focus on/upon集中；特别关注fbcus.0n.把.对准.focus one*s eyes on 注视.come into focus成为焦点bring sth into focus使某事成为焦点fbcus one's mind/attention on.集中某人的心思/注意力于The noise made it hard fbr me to focus on work.噪声让我很难集中注意力工作。2 6 detail/di: terl/n.细节;具体情况搭in detail详细地go into detail(s)详细说明for further details为了知道详细情况He told me every detail of his plan.他把他的计划的所有细节都告诉我了。27 as a result of 由于一as a result 因此，结果