《高级英语》第二册课后答案.pdf

Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleLas Vegas.Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in SouthNevada.In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people.Revenue fromhotels,gambling,entertainment and other tourist-oriented industriesforms the backbone of Las Vegass economy,Its nightclubs and casinosare world famous.The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching andmining area.In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place fortravelers to South California.In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained afort there,and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U.S.army.In 1867,Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada,(from The New Columbia Encyclopedia)II.1.He didnt think his family was in any real danger,His formerhouse had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a fewfeet above sea level.His present house was 23 feet above sea level and250 yards away from the sea.He thought they would be safe here as inany place else.Besides,he had talked the matter over with his father andmother and consulted his longtime friend,Charles Hill,before making hisdecision to stay and face the hurricane.2.Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak.Itdesigned and developed educational toys and supplies.3.Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water wassea water.It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in realtrouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4.At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought theymight die at any moment,she told her husband the dearest and the mostprecious thing she could think of.This would help to encourage eachother and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made thefinal decision to stay and face the hurricane.Now it seemed they mightall die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because shethought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourageher for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.III.l.This piece of narration is organized as follows,.introduction,development,climax,and conclusion.The first 6 paragraphs areintroductory paragraphs,giving the time,place,and background of theconflict-man versus hurricanes.These paragraphs also introduce thecharacters in the story.2.The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly andsympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3.John Koshak,Jr.,is the protagonist in the story.4.Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5.The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story bydescribing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaksand their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6.The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence ofhappenings by describing a series of actions in the order of theiroccurrence.7.The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8.I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,becausethe hurricane passed,the main characters survived,and the story couldcome to a natural end.9.Yes,it is.Because the writer states his theme or the purposebehind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak:We lostpractically all our possessions,but the family came through it.When Ithink of that,I realize we lost nothing important.IV.1.We re 23 feet above sea level.2.The house has been here since 1915,and no hurricane has evercaused any damage to it.3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricanewithout much damage.4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producingelectricity,so the lights also went out.5.Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt astrong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering thewhole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.()h God,please help us to get through this storm safely.9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voicegradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by thenervous tension caused by the hurricane.V.See the translation of the text.VI.1.main:a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water,gas,electricity,etc.2.sit out:stay until the end e by;(American English)pay a visit4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light,fire,generatoro etc。)quickly by pouringwater over it6.kill：(American English)to cause(an engine-etc.)to stop7.swath：the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip Ortrack Of any kind8.bar：a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines Ona music sheet9.lean-to：a shed or other small outbuilding with a slopingroof,the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building1 0.Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the CivilEngineer Corps of the U.S.Navy,that build harbor facilities,airfields,etc.Seabee stands for CB,short for Construction Battalion.vn.1.destroy 一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和 raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如 demolisha theory with a few incisive commentso意即“用儿句锋利的评语推翻某种理论“。而 raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤。如说annihilate an enemyforce,是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说 annihilate ones opponent in a debate,是指彻底驳倒对手。2o decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth havebegun to decay.（他的牙齿开始老化变坏。）rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples（烂了的苹果）。spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fish spoils quickly in summeto（鱼在夏天极易变质。）molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Oldbuildings molder aw ay.（老房子渐渐腐烂了。disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocks disintegrated by frost andrain（被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石）。decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Water call be decompose（be decomposed）into hydrogen andoxygen.（水可分解成氧和氧。）该词还可用来替代ro t,使语气略显委婉。VI1.television=tele+vision,a combining form tele-plus a nounvision.Further examples,telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.2.northwestward=north+west+ward or northwest+ward,-ward is a suffix meaning“in a(specific)direction or course.Furtherexamples:eastward,westward,backward,upward,inward,outward,seaward,home-ward.etc.3.motel=motorist+hotel,a blend word formed by combining partsof other words.Further examples:smog=smoke+fog.smaze=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop=triumph,etc.4.bathtub=bath+tub,a compound word formed by combining twonouns.Further examples:bathrobe,bathroom,bedroom,roommate,butterfly,dragonfly,foot ball,housekeeper,etc.5.returnees=retum+ees,a verb plus a noun forming suffix-eedesignating a person in specified condition.Further examples:employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nominee,interviewee,divorcee.IX.1.lash as in Camille lashed northwestward across tile gulf ofMexico.A vivid way to say strike with great force.2.pummel as in It was certain to pummel Gulfport.Because theword is originally applied to human beings,meaning beat repeatedlywith the fists.3.whip as in Wind and rain now whipped the house.Because itis more vivid than fall heavily on.4.kill as in the electrical systems had been killed by water.Because it leaves a deeper impression on the readers than stop does.5.inch ones way as in Water inched its way up the steps.“Itmakes the readers also see clearly that water was rising little by little.6.bother as in no hurricane has ever bothered it.It virtuallymeans do damage to here.7.lap as in John watched the water lap at the steps.,meaningextend beyond some limit or,in fact,rise slowly.8.skim as in the hurricane.lifted the entire roof off the houseand skimmed it 40 feet through the air,which gives the readers a deepimpression of how strong the wind was.9.seize as in It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank landdumped it 3ymiles away.It seemed as if the hurricane had a very strongand large hand.10.crack and snap as in Telephone poles and 20-inch thickpines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them,providing thereaders with a vivid picture of winds blowing violently.X.Simile:1.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade,(comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in afire brigade when fighting a fire)2.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yardsaway,(comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)Metaphor:1.We can batten down and ride it out.(comparing the house in ahurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)2.Wind and rain now whipped the house.(Strong wind and rain waslashing the house as if with a whip.)Personification:1.A moment later,the hurricane,in one mighty swipe,lifted theentire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.(Thehurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy andthrowing it through the air.)2.It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3l/2miles away.(The hurricane acted as a very strong man liftingsomething very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.).XI.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempoand speed of the actions being described.Hence in a dramatic narrationthey serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger andurgency.For examples see the text,paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.XU.The topic sentence of paragraph 1 is John Koshak,Jr.,knew thatHurricane Camille would be bad.This idea is developed or supportedby facts or reasons showing how John Koshak,Jr.,knew that HurricaneCamille would be bad.The last sentence introduces some other charactersin he story and serves as a transition to the next important point in thestorywhy John KoshakJr.,decided not to abandon his home.XIII.在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的儿个语法术语解释一下。The sentence fragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号.将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。The run一on sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练 习 中 的 第2句即是。The danglingmodifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词（分词、动名词、不定式）组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and与主句相联。关联连词(both.and,either.or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。The shift in point of view：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bedwith flu.These snakes are dangerouso However,most snakes are quite harmless.3.Looking out toward the horizon,she Saw only the old cabin inwhich Mary was born,a single cottonwood that had escaped the droughtand the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie.4.We knew that although the documents have been stolen they havenot yet been seen by a foreign agent.5.Last year,after I had graduated from high school.my father putme to work in his office.6.To appreciate the poem,one must read it aloud.7.1 missed that film because 1 had to stay home to help my motherwash clothes last Sunday.8.Driving across the state,one saw many beautiful lakes.9.Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful.IO.I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making mebeautiful and slender or bringing me friends.11.He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularityamong the farmers.12.I am interested in electronics,which is a new field and whichoffers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science.13.We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and theshelves。14.If ones mouth is dry,one should eat a lump of sugar or chewgum.15.You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 toyou and is constantly trying to detect your mistakesXIV.Omitted.XV.Gale Kills PeopleFour people got killed when a gale swept across several parts ofSouth England and Wales yesterday.A school boy of ten was struck byflying debris and lost his life when the roof of a prefabricated classroomwas blown off and the walls caved in.The boy was one of seventychildren being led to safety.When the teacher saw the roof beginning tolift,he asked his pupils to follow him to a safe place.Unfortunately,theboy was killed.Another two children were taken to hospital with slightinjury.A woman,aged 81,was killed when a chimney,dislodged by a strongwind,fell through the roof of her home.Another woman,a resident on thefirst floor of a building,was also killed outright by the falling masonry.Some residents were taken to hospital and the rest evacuated.A drivermet his death near a filling station when his car ran into a tree that hadfallen across the road.Lesson Two MarrakechI.Marrakech:in west central Morocco,at the Northern foot of the highAtlas,130 miles south of Casablanca,the chief seaport.The cityrenowned for leather goods,is one of the principal commercial centers ofMorocco.It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco fromthen until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660.It was captured by theFrench in 1912,when its modern growth began.It has extremely hotsummers but mild winters.Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited towinter months.The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco:Located in North Africa,on the Mediterranean Sea and theAtlantic Ocean.Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries.Rabat is the capital.The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000.About 2000 B.C.it was settled by Berber tribes,who have formed thebasis of the population ever since.The Arabs invaded Morocco in the7thcentury,bringing with them Islam.From the end of the 17thcenturyuntil the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free fromforeign influence.But in 1912,a Franco-Spanish agreement dividedMorocco into 4 administrative zones.It gained independence in 1956 andbecame a constitutional monarchy in 1957.Morocco is a member of theUnited Nations,the League of Arab States,and the Organization ofAfrican Unity.Moroccans are mainly farmers(70%)who try to grow theirown food.They often use camels,donkeys and mules to pull their plows.In the south a few tribesmen still,wander from place to place in the desert.II.1.Here are five things he describes to show poverty-(a)the burial ofthe poor inhabitants(b)an Arab Navvy,an employee of the municipality,begging for a piece of bread(c)the miserable lives of the Jews in theghettoes-(d)cultivation of the poor soil;(e)the old women carrying firewood.2.See paragraphs 1 and 2.3.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people inthe colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4.Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters inMarrakech overcrowded,thousands of people living in a narrow street,houses completely windowless,and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5.If Hitler were here,all the Jews would have been ma