高考英语复习：名词专题知识清单.docx

名词专题知识清单 名词专题知识清单 一、 名词单数变复数1. 规则变化（1）一般情况，加-s.（2）以-s,-x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，加-es.（3）以辅音字母加-y 结尾的名词，变y为i，加-es.（4）以-o字母结尾的.加-s _。但有生命的几个单词_加-es_ . hero heroes ; potato potatoes tomato tomatoes Negro Negroes（5）以-f,-fe, 结尾的单词，_加-s.proofproofs belief beliefs roof roofs下列除外：把-f,-fe, _变为-ves_ 。口诀：_为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子，拿着刀子和一片叶子，爬到架子上，把狼劈成两半。self elves calf calves life lives thief thieves wife wives knife knives loaf loaves leaf leaves shelf shelves wolf wolves half halves （6） 合成名词变复数，在_主体名称_ 上变化，若没有，就在最后一部分上变化。son-in-law sons-in-law storyteller storytellers passer-by passers-by bus-station bus stations（7） “man/woman + 名词 ”变复数时，_两部分都要变_ a man teacher three _men teachers_2. 不规则变化（1） 单复数不同形的： foot feet man men woman women mouse mice tooth teeth goose geese gentleman gentlemen child children ox oxen German Germans （2） 单复数同形的（写意思）： 口诀：中日不变，英法变deer; sheep; spacecraft; Japanese; crossroads; series; species; means; Swiss; Chinese; aircraft ; headquarters;（3） 外来词复数形式： datum data mediummedia bacterium bacteria criterioncriteria bacteriumbacteria phenomenon phenomena analysis analyses basis bases crisis crises thesis theses diagnosis diagnoses（4）可数和不可数意义不同的问题词汇可数名词不可数名词paper论文，试卷，报纸纸water水域水ash骨灰灰chicken鸡鸡肉hair几根头发头发iron熨斗铁fish鱼的种类，条数鱼肉air架势空气二、 名词所有格（1）有生命或人名词后面，用_s_（2）无生命事物名词后，用_of_（3）Tom和Jim各自的房间：Toms and Jims rooms（4）Tom和Jim共同的房间：Tom and Jims room三、名词构词法1. ment:表“行为”或结果2. ness: “状态，性质，特点”3. ist: .的专家；从事的人4. ion/-ation/- tion: 行为；状态5. er/-or/-ant: .的人6. ian: 专长于的人7. ity/-y: 性质；状态8. ance/-ence: 表“行动状况”9. age: “状态，动作，结果，一套，一组，费用”10. ship/-dom: 状态；性质；地位；资格11. ure: 行动或结果12. th: 动作或过程，状态13. ing: 行为或状态14. al: 过程或状态15.名词构词法练习（写出下面单词名词）4学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. survive- 幸存survival2. refuse- refusal3. post- postage4. hard- hardship5. wise- wisdom6. free- freedom7. fail- failure8. success- successor9. betray- betrayal10. deny- (否认) denyal11. arrive- arrival12. approve- (赞成) approval13. misunderstand- misunderstanding14. suffer-（苦难）suffering15. strong-（强度，优势）strength16. warm-（温暖）warmth17. grow-（成长） growth18. press-(压力) pressure19. please-(快乐) pleasure20. mix- mixture21. expose- （暴露）22. depart- （离开）23. scholar- sholarship24. use-（用法）usage25. short-（缺少）shortage26. marry- marriage 27. pack-包裹 package28. patient-（耐心）patience29. exist- (存在) existance30. convenient- convenience31. significant-（重要性）significance32. appear- (外貌) appearance33. assist-（助手） assistance34. recover-（恢复）recovery35. honest-honesty36. possible- （可能性）possibility37. similar- （相似性）similarity38. popular-（普及）popularity39. familiar-(熟悉) familiarity40. library-（图书管理员）librarian41. invent-(发明者) inventor42. consult- （顾问）consultant43. conduct- （售票员）conductor44. interview-（采访者）interviewer45. garden-（园丁）gardener46. inform-（信息）infromation47. confirm- （证实）confirmation48. congratulate- congratulation49. express- expression50. attract- attraction51. social-（社会主义者）socialist52. science-(科学家) scientist53. piano-pianoist54. geology- （地质学家）geologist55. chemistry-(化学家) chemist56. weak- （不足之处 ） weakness57. kind-(仁慈) kindness58. happy- happiness59. guilty- (内疚) guiltiness60. friendly- （友谊）friendship61. aware-（意识）awareness62. govern- （政府）government63. achieve- achievement64. amuse- amusement65. equip- equipment 66. govern-（统治者） governor67. state-（陈述，说明）statement68. politics-（政治家） politician69. music-（音乐家）musician名词复数变化过关练习shelf wolf radio glass box watch classroom life hero leaf deer goosewoman a man teacher thiefwife self photo ox mouse meansChinese analysis mediumthesis a woman engineer tooth storyteller potato radio boy studyNegro country storytellercross roads series aircraftcrisis curriculum bacteriumSwiss sheep works(工厂)daughter try datumphenomenon diagnosisheadquarters half childbrush belief cliff proof chief comedy Englishman