高考英语语法备考《被动语态》ppt课件.ppt

被动语态的基本用法：被动语态的基本用法：当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。何时用被动语态何时用被动语态1.1.不知道动作的执行者是谁不知道动作的执行者是谁My cup was broken this morning.2.2.没必要知道动作的执行者是谁没必要知道动作的执行者是谁 This kind of glass is made in China.3.3.强调动作的执行者是谁强调动作的执行者是谁 Your cup was broken by Li Hua.三、由主动变被动的方法三、由主动变被动的方法 s.(.(.(.(主格）主格）主格）主格）+v.+o.（宾格）（宾格）（宾格）（宾格）o.（主格）（主格）（主格）（主格）+be+p.p.+by+s.(.(宾格宾格宾格宾格)His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed by his brother every day.改为被动语态1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时的被动语态构成是：一般现在时的被动语态构成是：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词1)They play football on Sunday.2)Lucy does the homework in the evening.3)They often use computers in class.4)We make these machines in Beilun.5)People speak English as the first language in UK.答案：1)Football is played by them on Sunday.2)The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.3)Computers are often used by them in class.4)These machines are made in Beilun.5)English is spoken as the first language in UK.He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday.2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时的被动语态构成是：一般过去时的被动语态构成是：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词将下列句子改成被动语态：将下列句子改成被动语态：1)They built the tall building last year.2)He took good care of his little brother yesterday.3)We cleaned our classroom just now.4)They used this room for resting.5)They planted many trees years ago.答案：答案：1）The tall building was built by them last year.2）His little brother was taken good care of yesterday.3）Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.4）This room was used for resting by them.5）Many trees were planted by them years ago.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时的被动语态构成是：一般将来时的被动语态构成是：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词将下列句子改为被动语态：1).We will have a sports meeting next week.2).Children will take some photos there tomorrow.3).The headmaster will give a talk soon.4).They will grow different kinds of vegetables.5).Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.答案：1)A sports meeting will be had by us next week.2)Some photos will be taken by children there tomorrow.3)A talk will be given by the headmaster soon.4)Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by them.5)The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词被动语态的构成是：情态动词被动语态的构成是：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词变主动语态为被动语态：变主动语态为被动语态：1)He can take care of the baby.2)Lucy may draw the pictures.3)You must turn off the lights.4)They should learn English well.5)Jim could do it yesterday.答案：答案：1)The baby can be taken care of by him.2)The picture may be drawn by Lucy.3)The lights must be turned off by you.4)English should be learned well by them.5)It could be done by Jim yesterday.下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees.2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finished our compositions.答案答案：1.The trees are being watered by Lucy.2.His bike was being mended by the boy.3.Our compositions have been finished.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时被动语态的构成是：现在进行时被动语态的构成是：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时被动语态构成是：过去进行时被动语态构成是：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时被动语态构成是：现在完成时被动语态构成是：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：过去完成时：过去完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+done S+had been+done主动变被动：主动变被动：1)We clean our classroom every day.1)We clean our classroom every day.Our classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.Our classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.2)He bought the book yesterday.2)He bought the book yesterday.The book was bought yesterday.The book was bought yesterday.3)They are building a bridge over there.3)They are building a bridge over there.A building is being built over there A building is being built over there.4)I have finished my homework.4)I have finished my homework.My homework has been finished.My homework has been finished.5)Jack will translate the novel.5)Jack will translate the novel.The novel will be translated.The novel will be translated.7)You can wash your clothes next week.7)You can wash your clothes next week.Your clothes can be washed next week.Your clothes can be washed next week.被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况:1.1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。态时，仍然要带上介词。1)The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.2)They look after the new students in the school.被动句被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.2.2.当动词带有复合宾语当动词带有复合宾语(有宾有宾补补),),并且宾补是省去并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”1)1)They make us do all the work.被动句：被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.2)We often hear her sing songs.被动句：被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.3)I saw him walk to school.被动句：被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中离开，被动句中to回来回来.（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice)3.3.当动词带双宾语时当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是一个宾语是指人，一个是指物指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加语前应加“to”to”或或“for”for”。常见加常见加toto的动词有的动词有give，send,teach,write,show,pass,ask,tell常常见加见加for的动词有的动词有make,draw,buy,sing,fetch/get 1)He gives me a flower every day.被动被动1 I am given a flower by him every day.被动被动2 A flower is given to me by him every day.2)He bought me a computer.被动被动1 I was bought a computer by him.被动被动2 A computer was bought for me by him.练习：练习：练习：练习：将下列句子变为被动句将下列句子变为被动句将下列句子变为被动句将下列句子变为被动句:1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.3.We took care of the things.3.We took care of the things.4.They gave us some work.4.They gave us some work.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.6.My mother buys me a bike.6.My mother buys me a bike.答案答案答案答案:1.1.His father is listened to carefully.His father is listened to carefully.2.The baby is looked after by the mother in the room 2.The baby is looked after by the mother in the room 3.The things were taken care of by us.3.The things were taken care of by us.4.We were given some work.4.We were given some work.Some work was given to us.Some work was given to us.5.They were made to laugh all the time.5.They were made to laugh all the time.6.I am bought a bike.6.I am bought a bike.A bike is bought for me.A bike is bought for me.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned变被动语态变被动语态(划线部分）划线部分）练习练习：1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used metal for making machines.4.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.5.They write business letters in English.5.They write business letters in English.6.They grow rice in South China.6.They grow rice in South China.7.They plant many trees in North China.7.They plant many trees in North China.8.Lu 8.Lu XunXun wrote this book.wrote this book.9.The workers built some bridges.9.The workers built some bridges.10.We can use the box as a table.10.We can use the box as a table.11.We should clean the classroom every day11.We should clean the classroom every day 12.Have you bought a car?13.He is going to see the film.14.They werent studying English this time yesterday.15.I had remembered 200 words by last week.答案：答案：答案：答案：1.English is spoken(by many people).1.English is spoken(by many people).2.Computers were made in the U.S.A.2.Computers were made in the U.S.A.3.Metal was used for making machines.3.Metal was used for making machines.4.Silk is produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou.4.Silk is produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou.5.Business letters are written in English.5.Business letters are written in English.6.Rice is grown in South China.6.Rice is grown in South China.7.Many trees are planted in North China.7.Many trees are planted in North China.8.This book was written by Lu 8.This book was written by Lu XunXun.9.Some bridges were built by the workers.9.Some bridges were built by the workers.10.The box can be used as a table.10.The box can be used as a table.11.The classroom should be cleaned every day.11.The classroom should be cleaned every day.12.Has a car been bought by you?12.Has a car been bought by you?13.The film is going to be seen by him.13.The film is going to be seen by him.14.English wasnt being studied this time yesterday.14.English wasnt being studied this time yesterday.15.200 words had been remembered by me by last week.15.200 words had been remembered by me by last week.