北师大版选修8高考英语一轮复习unit24society学案.docx

Unit 24Society(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1inequality n 不平等2household n. 一个家庭3currency n. 货币4taxpayer n. 纳税人5ownership n. 所有权6rag n. 破旧衣服7pension n. 退休金，养老金8pregnant adj. 怀孕的9leisure n. 闲暇，空闲10framework n. 结构，构架11collision n. 相撞12fountain n. 喷泉，喷水池13poster n. 海报14fragrant adj. 有香味的15spoonful n. 一匙之量16revenge n. 复仇，报复17swing vi. 摇动第二组：写其形1deposit vt. & vi. 存储，储蓄2burden n. 重担，负担3vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的4resign vt. & vi. 辞职5delete vt. 删除6choke vi. 窒息，噎住7shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小8virtue n. 优点，长处9skip vt. 跳过10cast vt. 投下11undertake vt. 着手做，从事12squeeze vt. 挤13fine n. 罚款14sentence n. 判决15abolish vt. 废除16moreover adv. 再者，此外 17furthermore adv. 此外，而且18homelessness n. 无家可归19accumulate v. 积累20rot vt. & vi. 腐烂(二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer v自愿做n.志愿者2abundant adj.大量的abundance n大量3signature n签名sign v签名；打手势n.招牌；迹象；符号4govern vt.统治，管理governor n统治者，总督government n政府5adjustment n调整，调节adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应6elect vt.选举，推选election n选举；当选；选择权7merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的mercy n宽容，仁慈8thirst n口渴thirsty adj.口渴的9consequently adv.所以，因此consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的consequence n结果，后果10resistance n反抗，抵制resist vi. & vt.抵(反)抗，抵制11robbery n抢劫rob vt.抢劫robber n抢劫犯12diverse adj.各种各样的diversity n各种各样；多样性(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1come_into_being 形成，存在2wind_sb.up_ 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)3show_off 炫耀，夸耀4knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5break_into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)6on_principle 根据原则7sentence_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑8take_.seriously_ 认真对待9be_well/better_off 过得好/过得更好10above_all 最重要的是；首先11do_away_with_ 废除；摆脱，消灭12contribute_to 促进，有助于13play_an_important_role_in 在中起重要作用14to_start_with_ 首先15take_._into_account 考虑；注意，体谅16keep_an_eye_on 注意，留意(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1It's high time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”悟原句As a society, it's high time that we took these issues more seriously.背佳句It's high time that we should take/took measures to preserve the natural resources.2.what if是连词词组，意为“要是怎么办”悟原句What if some married people have affairs？背佳句What if I fail the maths exam next week？3.“make宾语宾语补足语”结构悟原句They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements.背佳句I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.1.由“shrink”想到的动词extend延伸；伸出increase 增加enlarge 扩大；放大expand 扩大；膨胀decrease 减少reduce 减少2.“virtue”相关词汇小结optimism 乐观modesty 谦虚bravery 勇敢，勇气justice 正义 diligence 勤勉generosity 慷慨3.“一词多义”小聚fine n罚款fail v. 衰退，衰弱engage vt. 吸引express n. 快车caution v. 告诫，提醒desert v. 抛弃，离弃4.do短语集汇do away with 废除；摆脱do harm to 对有害do one's best 尽力do one's duty 尽职责do up 重新整修do without 没有也行.用所给词的适当形式填空1The robbery happened last night and she was robbed of much money. The robber was caught in a hotel.(rob)2In the latest election,_Mary was elected chairwoman of the Students' Union.(elect)3To adjust herself to the study abroad, she had to make some necessary adjustments to her habits.(adjustment)4It is the governor of the city who governs the city. And he is a candidate for central government.(govern)5Being a volunteer can benefit us a lot. So we should play an active part in voluntary activities.(voluntary)6In consequence of his bad work the boss dismissed him, and consequently he lost his job.(consequent)7This is a good district with abundant (abundance) fish and rice.8Their aim is to raise a million pounds to get the homeless (homelessness) off streets.介、副词填空1The society today offers the young generation more chances to show off_ their talent and skills.2Did I tell you about the time that a thief broke into my hotel room?3I knocked into the star you had talked about in the town this morning.4Perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth came into being.5We're amazed at the amazing news that he committed a crime and was sentenced to_death.6I'd like to buy a house, which should be modern, comfortable, and above_all in a quiet neighborhood.7To start with,_we haven't enough money, and secondly we're too busy.选词填空1to start with/start withYou can start_with one of them and add the others if you have time.To_start_with,_use the same glass for your drinking water all day. 2come into being/come intoI had hardly come_into the room when it began to rain.Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come_into_being recently.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale. 使顺从2She had a kind of vacant look on her face. (目光、表情等)茫然的3In a few short sentences, Quinn explained what he had done. 句子He has just begun a life sentence for murder. 判决She was given a three­year prison sentence. 服刑Sanchez was sentenced to three years in prison. 宣判4In fact, our pensions are more than what we spend every month so I feel no burden.负担They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage. (使)担负5The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident. 着手做，承担He undertook to pay the money back in six months. 允诺，答应.完成句子1It's_high_time_that_we_stopped talking and got down to work.(It's high time that .)该是我们停止谈话着手工作的时候了。2Mastering the technology makes_it_possible_for_us_to_use the Internet more effectively.(make宾语宾语补足语)精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。3What_if_we_move_the_picture over there? Let's have a try.(what if)要是我们把画移到那儿会怎么样？让我们试试。4I_would_rather_you_didn't_do anything for the time being.(would rather)我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。5As is known to us, China is_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.(abundant)众所周知，中国农产品丰富。6Her father's illness cast_a_shadow_over/on her wedding ceremony.她父亲的病给她的婚礼留下了阴影。7Be_merciful_to_me! I daren't do it next time.饶了我吧，我下次不敢了。8Some schools will have to make_adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.很多学校将做出调整以和国家足球改革保持一致。9She put_down_a_deposit_on_the_house last week.上周她付了房子的定金。10Would you help me to squeeze_the_water_out_of_my_wet_clothes?请你帮我把湿衣服拧干好吗？1burden n重担，负担vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(1)a burden on/to .是的负担bear (take on)/carry/reduce/share the burden承受/担负/减少/分担重担(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 装载；使负担be burdened with . 负重；为所累演绎法练通单句语法填空His invalid father is becoming a burden on/to him.Nowadays students are burdened (burden) with heavy homework.He took a part­time job in summer holiday to burden himself with his school fees.完成句子/句式升级There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take_on/bear_the_burden.尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语)Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_accompany_his_family. 2resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从resign one's job/post/position辞去工作/职位resign from . 从辞职resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从；使自己安于(做)某事resign as . 辞去当的职务resign . to . 把托付给演绎法练通单句语法填空Mary resigned her pet dog to her neighbour while travelling abroad.Lots of young people resigned from the company to go to small cities because of higher house price in big cities.完成句子In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_position_as_manager.为了照顾生病的母亲，我的朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。The team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.该队不甘失败。3elect vt.选举，推选；选择(1)elect sb. to .选举某人进入elect sb.as/to be . 选举某人为elect to do sth. 选择做某事(2)election n. 选举；推举；当选run for an election 参加竞选演绎法练通单句语法填空They have a more than even chance of winning the next election (elect)It is said that only two students will be elected to_take (take) part in the coming English Contest.He is always ready to help other students, so he was elected as monitor of our class.名师指津elect sb.as .“选举某人担任”，若所涉及的职位只有一个(即独一无二)，则其前面通常不用冠词。如句。4undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do . 着手做；答应做undertake that . 答应undertake for . 为负责演绎法练通单句语法填空/完成句子The team will undertake for this experiment which is important to the whole country's security.He undertook to_improve (improve) the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low­carbon life, which is of great significance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。5sentence n& vt.判决；宣判；判刑完成句子His family hope he will be allowed to return to the UK to serve_a_sentence.他的家人希望他被允许回到英国服刑。The driver declared guilty was fined $ 25,000 and was_sentenced_to_three_years_in_prison.宣布有罪的那位司机被罚款25 000美元，被判三年徒刑。It's reported that the judge passed/gave_sentence_on the murderer on May 18.据报道，法官于5月18日宣布了对杀人犯的判决。归纳法记牢(1)serve a sentence服刑pass/give sentence on sb. 给某人判刑(2)sentence sb.to .给某人判刑(常用被动语态)be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判死刑/三年徒刑 1knock into sb.撞上某人单句语法填空I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park.Be careful with the little trees, and don't knock them down/over.Please knock at/on the door before you come in next time.It is reported that France knocked Belgium out in the football match.We are going to knock off 5,000 on each car.归纳法记牢knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knock out 使失去知觉；击败，使淘汰knock off 减价；中断，停止 2show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示完成句子Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off_his_new_car he usually walks.迈克开车来酒吧只是为了向大家炫耀他的新车，他通常是步行的。The headmaster showed_the_visitors_around_our_school yesterday.昨天校长带领那些来宾参观了我们的学校。A policeman put some chemicals on the piece of paper, and a line of words showed_up clearly.一位警察在那张纸条上涂上一些化学药品，一行字迹清晰地显示出来了。A series of agricultural produce are_on_show in this exhibition.一系列的农产品在本次展览会上展出。归纳法记牢(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out带领某人参观/进来/出去show up 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be) on show(be) on display 在展出 3come into being形成，存在come into existence开始存在，建立，产生come into effect/force 生效come into use 开始使用come into power 掌权come into sight/view 看见；进入视野come into fashion 开始流行演绎法练通单句语法填空When did the term of “new­new people” come into existence (exist)?The Irish Free State came into being (be) in 1922.The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner.4What if .?What_if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？用法规则(1)What if .？意为“如果将怎么办？”(2)how come 意为“是怎么回事，为什么”(3)So what？“那又怎么样？”注意事项(1)What if .可以看作What will happen if .？的省略形式；还可表示“即使又有什么关系”，是What does it matter if .的省略形式。(2)how come可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。针对训练完成句子(2018·天津高考)What_if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画将怎么办？(2017·天津高考)Michael was late for Mr. Smith's chemistry class this morning.How_come? As far as I know, he never came late to class.迈克尔今天上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课从来不迟到的。5make宾语宾语补足语They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on people's movements.他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。(1)本句使用了“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on people's movements。(2)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、动词不定式(不带to)等来充当。针对训练完成句子Smartphones make_it_easier_and_more_convenient to watch video clips and chat online.智能手机使观看视频片段及网上聊天变得更容易、更方便。People in the West make_it_a_rule_to_buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人在圣诞节时给亲戚和朋友购买礼物已成为一个常规。They didn't know the native language, so they couldn't make_themselves_understood.他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。Our English teacher often makes_us_retell the texts, which is beneficial to our English study.我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文，这对我们的英语学习有益。名师指津(1)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，当表示“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。(2)在英语中，动词let, make, have, feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如句。一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空 1(2020·全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.2(2020·全国卷)Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance (abundant) and a happy home.3(2018·北京高考)Susan had quit her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer (voluntary) in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(二)高考中的阅读理解词类活用(2019·全国卷)In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.n.志愿者生词僻义(2020·全国卷)There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone！美术，艺术(三)高考中的完形填空1(2020·全国卷)I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing _52_ damage to our children.AphysicalBbiologicalCspiritual Dbehavioral解析：选C根据常识可知，说谎可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。physical“身体的”；biological“生物的”；spiritual“精神上的”；behavioral“行为上的”。2(2020·全国卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the _50_.Arestrictions BexplanationsCdifferences Dconsequences解析：选D根据常识可知，父母无论是一直说谎还是一直讲真话，都会产生后果。故可判断句意为“我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果(consequence)地讲真话”。(四)高考中的写作 1(2020·全国卷书面表达)Moreover,_he_worked_hard_with_other_doctors,_which_inspired_the_whole_nation,_including_doctors,_patients_and_the_healthy_public.(moreover；定语从句)此外，他与其他医生一起努力工作，鼓舞了全国人民，包括医生、病人和健康的公众。2(2019·全国卷书面表达)The_followings_are_my_virtues.First,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_so_I_have_no_difficulty_communicating_with_native_speakers. (virtue)以下是我的长处。首先，我能说一口流利的英语，所以我和以英语为母语的人交流没有困难。3(2018·北京高考书面表达)To_start_with,_warmly_welcome_to_Beijing_where_you_are_going_to_study,_and_I_am_sure_that_you_will_have_a_good_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing. (to start with)首先，热烈欢迎你来北京学习，我相信你在北京的大学生活一定会很愉快。二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇supermarket cafeteria aging housing abuse unemployment self­employment population informationnegotiation examination cultural historical civil media credible job­hoppingsustainable skillful challenge eye contact bring down team up with become a good partnerlisten to others' opinions behave well/badly be short of public morals face to face social skills 练中巩固.单句