洋葱国际音标音标讲义.pptx

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet国际音标课堂内部资料音素和国际音标1什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类：元音和辅音。3音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。6.开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,bike,home,due,plane,shineb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello7.闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant8.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。语音的基本常识1、音节的划分：一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。2、重读音节：任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“”。3、浊化音以sp_,st_,sk_开头的单词中，清辅音/p/t/k/分别要发浊辅音/b/d/g/。4、定冠词the的读音e.g.themanc.f.theoldman5、不完全爆破爆破音pbtdkg后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。例如：basketballthepartoftheearth6、连读在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻两词的关系相等密切，而前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，辅音和元素连在一起读。7、意群的停顿对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。目 录1/i:/e/12/a:/:/53/:/u:/94/a/e/135/e/166/a/197/t/d/p/b/k/g/f/v/s/z/218/249/m/n/w/j/h/r/l/2810/ts/dz/tr/dr/t/d/31单元音之“非常5+1”第一讲/i:/_长元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽力向上抬起，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情。feet/fi:t/see/si:/meet/mi:t/bee/bi:/week/wi:k/heel/hi:l/sheep/ip/peel/pi:l/teeth/ti/bean/bi:n/pea/pi:/read/ri:d/meat/mi:t/she/i:/he/hi:/field/fi:ld/Garfield/ga:fi:ld/we/wi:/me/mi:/tea/ti:/sea/si:/weak/wi:k/leaf/li:f/teach/tit/speak/spi:k/什么字母组合能发/i:/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherdog3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthe新手上路1新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第一讲/_短元音。嘴唇微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微抬高，嘴形扁平。pig/pg/big/bg/dig/dg/hit/ht/quick/kwk/risk/rsk/fish/f/monkey/mk/donkey/dk/subject/sbdkt/report/rpt/什么字母组合会发/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。1.sofasitkicklip2.inkgiftjamship3.handpicturebigsister4.hotlickpigjelly2rainy/reni/windy/wndi/cloudy/klodi/money/mn/单元音之“非常5+1”第一讲新手上路/e/_短元音，嘴型扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。Bed/bed/pen/pen/desk/desk/hen/hen/Head/hed/dead/ded/bread/bred/feather/fe(r)/leather/le(r)/breakfast/brekfst/leg/leg/net/net/red/red/pet/pet/yellow/jel/什么字母组合会发/e/的音呢?根据发音规则，找出每组中不发e的单词。1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy3新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第一讲/_嘴张大，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形。cat/kt/bag/b/pan/pn/fat/ft/hat/ht/map/mp/rat/rt/cap/kp/sad/sd/jacket/dkt/marry/mri/什么字母组合会发/的音呢？根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapple4新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第二讲/a:/_口腔打开，嘴张大，下巴放低，舌平放，舌尖不抵下齿，轻松发音。park/pa:k/mark/ma:k/large/lad/garden/ga:dn/farmer/fam/farm/fa:m/dark/da:k/card/ka:d/bard/ba:k/shark/ak/calf/ka:f/half/ha:f/Bath/ba/dance/da:ns/mask/ma:sk/glass/gla:s/yard/ja:d/scarf/skaf/Guitar/gta:/laugh/la:f/什么字母组合会发/a:/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出发a:的2个单词。1.armlipdoctorcard2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger4.joblorryMarchpark5新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第二讲6/_嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。nothing/n/brother/br/monkey/mk/mother/m/money/mn/honey/hn/come/km/son/sn/love/lv/must/mst/luck/lk/suck/sk/nut/nt/hut/ht/duck/dk/cut/kt/bug/b/bus/bs/什么字母组合会发/的音呢？根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第二讲/:/_嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌头放平，舌中部微微抬起，有齿间距，肌肉略微紧张。sir/s:/girl/g:l/bird/b:d/circle/s:kl/dirty/d:t/birthday/b:de/什么字母组合会发/:/的音呢？四只小“恶”鬼，三只大“耳朵”！根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirttermfur/f:/purse/p:s/burger/b:g/purple/p:pl/turtle/t:tl/curly/k:li/worm/w:m/word/w:d/world/w:ld/work/w:k/her/h:/person/p:sn/perfect/p:fkt/prefer/prf:/certainly/s:tnl/earth/:/early/:li/heard/h:d/7新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第二讲/_嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起。father/fa/mother/m/sister/sst/brother/br/tiger/ta/cleaner/kln/什么时候字母组合er或or会发“短饿肚子音”呢？根据发音规则，找出发的单词。1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleaderactor/kt/doctor/dkt/tutor/tjut/labor/leb/about/bat/above/bv/ago/afraid/fred/agree/ri/around/rand/8新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第三讲/:/_双唇收的小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。corn/k:n/corner/k:n/fork/f:k/horn/h:n/morning/m:n/pork/p:k/horse/h:s/什么字母组合会发/:/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出发:的1个单词。1.tallbirdbreadpoor2.ideachairsporthare3.cakebearwalkcup4.drinkshortbagmilktall/t:l/mall/m:l/small/sm:l/call/k:l/ball/b:l/hall/h:l/talk/t:k/walk/w:k/sausage/s:sd/august/:st/sauce/s:s/because/bk:z/daughter/d:t/see-saw/si:s:/draw/dr:/paw/p:/crawl/kr:l/strawberry/str:br/9新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第三讲/_口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆hot/ht/pot/pt/dog/d/box/bks/frog/fr/fog/f/want/wnt/wash/w/watch/wt/什么字母组合会发/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出发/的2个单词。1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirl10新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第三讲/u:/_嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩zoo/zu:/food/fu:d/goose/gu:s/moon/mu:n/noon/nu:n/pool/pu:l/rooster/ru:st/stool/stu:l/boots/bu:tz/下边那个字母组合会不发/u:/的音呢？根据发音规则，找出不发u:的单词。1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatchdo/du:/who/hu:/move/mu:v/improve/mpru:v/glue/lu:/blue/blu:/true/tru:/soup/su:p/group/ru:p/drew/dru:/blew/blu:/grew/ru:/11新手上路单元音之“非常5+1”第三讲/_嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍圆并轻松些，舌后缩。good/d/foot/ft/wool/wl/wood/wd/book/bk/look/lk/cook/kk/hook/hk/cookie/kki/stood/std/took/tk/put/pt/push/p/pull/pl/bull/bl/full/fl/什么字母组合既能发/u:/,又能发/呢？如何区分呢？根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname12新手上路双元音之“第一家族”第四讲/a/_/a/不是“爱”，“try”更不是用脚“踹”。由a和两个单音组成，前重后轻，口形由开到合，与字母l的发音相同。five/fav/ride/rad/bike/bak/white/wt/bite/bat/like/lak/rice/ras/kite/kat/什么字母组合发/a/的音呢？根据发音规则，找出每组中发/a/的2个单词.1.ricegoodjamright2.shipmineice-creammouse3.cloudsittieeye4.writesmalltenniskiteby/ba/way/wa/fly/fla/shy/a/try/tra/dry/dra/light/lat/night/nat/bright/brat/fight/fat/knight/nat/hight/ha/eye/a/bye/ba/buy/ba/guy/ga/tie/ta/die/da/13新手上路双元音之“第一家族”第四讲/e/_由/e/和/两个单音组成，/e/重读，/轻读，口形由半开到合、与字母A发音相同。face/fes/gate/get/hate/het/wave/wev/name/nem/lake/lek/cake/kek/game/gem/wait/wet/rail/rel/snall/snel/rain/ren/mail/mel/may/me/day/de/bay/be/way/we/gray/gre/什么字母组合会发/e/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1.facewavesheeptail2.grapeplanenamecoat3.timetapetrainsnake4.rainsoapcaketrain14新手上路双元音之“第一家族”第四讲/_由/和/i/的发音组成，前重后轻双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。enjoy/nd/boy/b/soil/sl/boil/bl/oil/l/哪些字母可以发出/?根据发音规则，找出每组中发/的2个单词.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiseboilword4.teaenjoytoymilk15新手上路双元音之“第二家族”第五讲/_由/和/两个单音组成，/重读/轻读，双唇始终半开。ear/year/j/tear/t/near/n/dear/d/clear/kl/hear/h/fear/f/here/h/fear/f/deer/d/beer/b/jeer/d/哪些字母组合会发出/？根据发音规则，圈出每组中发的1个单词。1.bearbeerfairtail2.noodlespairnearcome3.horseneartowerair4.ringkingherethree16新手上路双元音之“第二家族”第五讲/e/_由/e/和/两个单音组成，前重后轻，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。air/e/hair/he/clair/klr/chair/te/fair/fe/pair/pe/upstairs/pstez/stairs/stez/downstairs/danstez/bear/be/pear/pe/mare/me/hare/he/tear/t/wear/we/pare/pe/where/we/square/skwe/什么字母组合会发/e/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出每组中发/e/的1个单词。1.bearideapineappletail2.noodlespairclimbcome3.horsehousetowerair4.ringkingharethree17新手上路双元音之“第二家族”第五讲/_由/和/两个单音组成，前重后轻，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。tour/t(r)/sure/(r)/tourist/trst/poor/p(r)/lure/l(r)/gourd/d/cure/kj(r)/curious/kjrs/什么字母组合会发/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出每组中发的1个单词。1.cleartouristpineappletail2.noodlespairclimbfury3.beardcuretowerair4.voicekingpureengineer18新手上路双元音之“第五家族”第六讲/a/_由/a/和/两个单音组成，/a/重读，/轻读，口形由大到小。mouse/mas/loud/lad/count/kant/found/fand/house/has/about/bat/mountain/mantn/sound/sand/round/rand/pound/pand/a/ou在中间，ow在结尾哪个字母组合会发/a/的音呢？根据发音规则，选出不发a的单词。1.mousecloudarmclown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbabycow/ka/bow/ba/wow/wa/how/ha/flower/fla/allow/la/now/na/19新手上路双元音之“第五家族”第六讲/_由和两个单音组成，口形由半开到小，与字母o的发音相同。toast/tst/roast/rst/loaf/lf/load/ld/coal/kl/coat/kt/coast/kst/什么字母组合会发/的音呢？根据发音规则，圈出每组中发的2个单词。1coatgoattreeriver2.makewindowkniferoad3.yourwhiterowcoat4.boathennoselampglow/gl/below/bil/blow/bl/grow/gr/know/n/window/wind/low/l/yellow/jel/20新手上路单辅音之成双成对第七讲P/p/b/b/t/t/d/d/k/k/g/g/f/f/v/v/s/s/z/z/t/清辅音舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带不震动。/d/浊辅音和t发音相似，但声带需振动。teach/ti:t/turtle/t:tl/tooth/tu:/start/sta:t/torch/t:t/tight/tat/take/tet/tear/t/deep/di:p/dig/dg/dirty/d:ti/dark/da:k/duck/dk/desk/desk/die/da/date/det/dear/de/p/清辅音双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。/b/浊辅音和p发音相似，但声带需震动peach/pi:t/pig/pg/purple/p:pl/pool/pu:l/puddle/pdl/park/pa:k/pork/p:k/pot/pt/price/pras/pray/pre/appear/p/pear/p/21新手上路单辅音之成双成对第七讲beach/bi:t/big/bg/birthday/b:de/boots/bu:ts/bubble/bbl/bark/ba:k/born/b:n/box/bks/bright/brat/bay/be/beer/be/bear/be/课后思考：哪些字母或字母组合可以发出以下这些音呢,并举例？/d/_/t/_/p/_/b/_/k/清辅音舌后部抵住软腭憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动/g/浊辅音和/k/发音相似，但声带需振动kiss/ks/cook/kk/school/sku:l/cat/kt/skirt/sk:t/corn/k:n/care/ke/cow/ka/goose/gu:s/girl/g:l/tiger/tag/good/gd/got/gt/guy/ga/gate/get/22新手上路单辅音之成双成对第七讲/f/清辅音上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，声带不振动。/v/浊辅音发音方式与/f/一样，不同之处是/v/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动，气流较弱。fix/fks/four/f/five/fav/fish/f/fight/fat/fate/fet/fear/f/fare/fe/found/fand/float/flt/very/veri/vest/vest/move/mu:v/glove/glv/harvest/ha:vst/dove/dv/s/清辅音舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音，发音时声带不震动。/z/浊辅音口形与s相似，但声带需震动。sit/si:t/seat/si:t/suck/sk/start/sta:t/soup/su:p/sir/s/sock/sk/saw/s:/say/se/sigh/sa/soy/s/sound/sand/soap/sp/scissors/sz:z/zebra/zbr:/desert/dez:t/prize/praz/zero/zr/23新手上路单辅音之成双成对第八讲/清辅音舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，声带不振动。/s/舌尖音（清）busbath/ththin/n/three/ri/think/k/thank/k/thumb/m/healthy/heli/nothing/n/birthday/b:de/breath/bre/根据发音规则，圈出不发的单词。1fatherthreemathsthirsty2.mouththroatThursdaybrother3.thinkthirstymotherthousand4.thinthicktheyteeth24新手上路单辅音之成双成对第八讲/浊辅音口形与相似，但声带需震动。/z/舌尖音（清）zebra舌尖音（浊）this/ththan/n/this/s/that/t/there/e/together/te/weather/we/gather/either/a/根据发音规则，圈出每组中发的1个单词。1thansisterbrotherthree2.weatherthanknightgood3.tielookteeththey4.thinfatherthroatwatch25新手上路单辅音之成双成对第八讲/清辅音（不屑一顾音“清”）双唇收圆稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷。舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。ship/p/sheep/ip/shop/p/shut/t/shock/k/shiver/v/shark/ak/short/:t/shave/ev/shoes/u:z/nation/nen/station/sten/invention/nvenn/condition/kndn/sugar/sure/machine/mi:n/Russia/r/ocean/n/delicious/dls/一般情况sh，特殊情况要留意！根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发的2个单词。1.shellshipwatchdesk2.truckshirtskirtship3.brushcarratsheepsleep4.heroshapestreetshelf26新手上路单辅音之成双成对第八讲/浊辅音挤脸音“清”treasure/tre/measure/me/leisure/le/pleasure/ple/television/telvn/decision/dsn/massage/msa:/msa:/Garage/ra:/ra:/根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发的单词。1.shellshipgaragedesk2.truckshirtpleasureship3.brushcasualsheepsleep4.heroshapeleisureshelf27新手上路单辅音之形单影只第九讲/m/双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。/n/双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气从鼻孔里出来，声带振动。/双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后部自然往上顶住，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。team/ti:m/time/tam/dim/dm/tom/tm/home/hm/Tomiscomingwithsomehamandmarmalade.Sammakesmanymistakesinishomework./w/_双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两旁滑开，声带振动。need/ni:d/next/nekst/men/mn/horn/h:n/son/sn/Doyouknowwherethenewknivesare?TheraininSpainfallsintheplain.song/s/sing/s/long/l/drink/drk/ink/k/Theyweresingingandshouting,nothivingthoughttothenoisetheyweremaking.Thespringbringsmanycharmingthings.want/wnt/water/w:t/welcome/welkm/woman/wmn/west/west/wash/w:/twelve/twelv/Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.28新手上路单辅音之形单影只第九讲/j/_嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带振动。yes/jes/yellow/jel/yummy/ymi/yam/ym/yard/ja:d/yacht/jt/yoga/jg/Therearenobirdsofthisyearinlastyearsnest./r/舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。happy/hpi/happen/hpn/high/ha/height/hat/husband/hzbnd/hate/het/Thehunterheldahugeguninhishandandhidhimselfbehindthehouse.rose/rz/rice/ras/rabbit/rbt/rubbish/rb/write/rat/right/rat/Rayswiferaisedrice,thericeRayswiferaisediswildrice./h/嘴唇自然张开自然呵气，声带不振动。29新手上路单辅音之形单影只第九讲/l/舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边，声带振动。laugh/la:f/love/lv/lone/ln/清晰音清晰音出现在元音前hold/hld/world/w:ld/girl/:l/含糊音含糊音出现在辅音前面和词的末尾Iliketosleepattheoldplaceinthewildwiththeeaglesfiyinginthebluesky.Game time/het/hzbnd/hpn/hpi/ras/rz/rat/rat/rb/g:l/hld/lv/rbt/ha/hat/w:ld/ln/la:f/30新手上路双辅音之终极boss第十讲复数：boots/bu:ts/seeds/si:dz/三单：wants/wnts/reads/ri:dz/ts/舌尖先抵住上齿龈，堵住气流，使气流从舌龈间送出，声带不振动。ts:seats/si:ts/goats/gts/coats/kts/pets/pets/eats/i:ts/tes:gates/gets/kites/kats/dates/dets/tastes/tets/Theseantswanttoeatthepeanuts,buttheseelephantsstopthem.根据发音规则，圈出发ts的4个单词。sandswoodsbootsbirdshatscarratshandsbedsfriendsratsseedskids31新手上路双辅音之终极boss第十讲/dz/和/ts/发音相同，声带需振动。ds:seeds/si:dz/woods/wu:dz/friends/frendz/birds/b:dz/beds/bedz/reads/ri:dz/des:rides/radz/AmanofwordsbutnotdeedsislikeagardenFullofweeds.根据发音规则，圈出发dz的5个单词。coatshandscatskitesbedswordspetskidsseatshorsesandsgates/tr/双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发r的姿势，声带不振动。tree/tri:/truck/trk/trousers/trazz/trick/trk/train/tren/track/trk/trap/trp/try/tra/trust/trst/strawberry/strbri/trade/tred/根据发音规则，圈出没有发tr的3个单词。seatstrucktraintrashtractordrinkstreetdrugtrousers32新手上路双辅音之终极boss第十讲/dr/和/tr/的发音相似。但声带振动。draw/dr:/drink/drk/driver/drav/dagon/drgn/dress/dres/drug/drg/drawer/dr:(r)/dream/dri:m/drum/drm/dry/dra/根据发音规则，找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1.dreamduckdressrain2.ratdraindrugdoor3.treetreasuredrawerdrink/t/双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。church/t:t/match/mt/choice/ts/cheese/tiz/chicken/tkn/coach/kt/culture/klt/picture/pkt/nature/net/future/fjut/根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发t的单词。chairdumplingbeachcheesenightshemonkeyChinachurchtheseflowereggdreamsharkchickcatch33新手上路双辅音之终极boss第十讲/d/和/t/发音相似，但声带需振动。age/ed/image/md/imagine/mdn/bridge/brd/fridge/frd/job/db/join/dn/joke/dk/judge/dd/just/dst/jump/dmp/根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发d的单词。egggiraffedragongrasscabbagejobgiftgateorangedrugjeansgun34