初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 8复习（主要短语+语法知识）.doc

八年级英语下册Unit 8 复习一、主要短语【SectionA】1.hear of 听说2.put sth.down 把放下3.on page 25 在第2 5 页 4.be full of=be filled with充满装满.5.hurry up赶快急忙,= Come on!或Be quick!in a hurry匆忙地很快地6.go out to sea 出海7.an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿8.the back of the book 书的背面9.be due in two weeks 在两周后到期be due to do sth.按期/预期做某事10.learn to do sth.学会做某事11.write about 写关于的内容12.finish doing sth.做完某事13.arrive on this island 到达这个岛14.bring sb back to.把某人带回到.15.wait for another ship 等待另一艘船来16.grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜17.signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记 leave behind遗留留下18.remind sb.of sb./ sth.=remind sb.that+从句,使某人想起某事或某人19.not long after that之后不久20.name sb.sth.给某人取名为21.lose ones life 失去某人的生命22.kill for food 杀死作为食物23.on the sand 在沙上24.run towards sp.跑向某地25.use.to do sth.用来做某事26.cut down trees砍倒树27.the marks of 的足迹28.in the middle of在中间29.wait for sb./sth.等待某人或者某事cant wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事【SectionB】1.science fictions 科幻小说2.country music乡村音乐3.rock band 摇滚乐队4.b e interested in 对.感兴趣5.write a book report 写读书报告6.a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法7.number of people 人数8.play pop music 演奏流行音乐9.return home 回家10.do some research on sth.对做研究11.full of feelings充满感情12.on the radio 在收音机上13.one another=each other 彼此14.the importance of 的重要性15.fight over = fight about 因为而争论;争夺fight with sb.= have a fight with sb.= get into a fight with sb.和某人争吵16.used to do sth.(过去)常常做某事17.study abroad 在国外学习18.make sb.do sth.使某人做某事e to realize 开始意识到20.ever since then 自从那时起21.belong to sb.属于某人22.be kind to each other 善待彼此23.introduce sb to sb 把某人介绍给某人24.the beauty of nature 大自然的美25.have been to sp.曾经去过某地26.at the end of the day在一天结束的时候二、语法知识：现在完成时 (一)定义现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果如:I have already seen the film.She has just had a bath.第一句说明看电影是过去发生的,用了现在完成时是要表示说话者可能不想再看了,或者对该电影的内容已经很熟悉了,等等第二句说明她洗澡是过去发生的,用了现在完成时是要表示她不需要再洗澡了等(二)基本结构现在完成时的句子结构一般为:肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分We have already had lunch.He has been away for a week.肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)(三)主要用法1表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果此时,常和谓语动词一起使用的副词有alreadyjustnevereveryet等如:They have already come back from the museum.She has already finished her homework.2表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并且有可能会继续持续下去此时,常和谓语动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since,而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词(如staykeepwait等)如:I have lived here for ten years.He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.3表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作此时,常和谓语动词一起使用的主要是表频度的副词oftenalwaysseldomnever等,以及表次数的单词或短语(如oncetwicethree times)如:You have never listened to me like this before.She has ever been to France.They have visited the Summer Palace many times.(四)动词的过去分词1规则变化其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同,主要是在词尾加-ed或-d具体的有:1)直接加-ed如:workedplayed2)以不发音的e结尾的动词后加-d如:liveddanced3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后改y为i,再加-ed如:studiedcried4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed如:stoppedpatted2不规则变化如果结合动词的过去式,动词的过去分词的不规则变化中,又有一些相对的规则现象如:1)AAA型如:put put put;read read read其中,read的过去式和过去分词虽然拼写时一样的,但其发音与原形不同,ea不再读作i,而是e2)ABB型如:keep kept kept;sit sat sat3)ABA型如:run ran run;come came come4)ABC型如:lie lay lain;drink drank drunk5)AAB型如:beat beat beaten(五)标志性词语1副词alreadyjustnevereveryet等如:She hasn't arrived in Scotland yet.They have just left for Shanghai.2for和sincefor+一段时间,since+具体时间如:He has learned Italian for five months.He has learned Italian since five months ago.3so far和up to/till now表示“迄今为止”如:So far, no one has heard any news about her.She has read fifty books up to now.4recentlylately等表示“最近;最新”的副词和形容词如:I've met her on several occasions recently.He hasn't had enough sleep lately.5in the past/last+一段时间,表示“在过去的.时间里”如:In the past few years, new buildings have sprung up all over Beijing.He had aged rapidly in the last few months.6次数如:I've tried many times, but there's no way.He has been there at least twice.(六)have been to/have gone to/have been in1have been to表示“去过已回”句子主语就在现场如:They have been to Rome many times.She has been to Shanghai more than once.2have gone to表示“去了未回”句子主语不在现场如:Jerry has gone to Hangzhou.Mary has gone to Finland.3have been in表示“一直待在某地”如:We have been in Beijing for five weeks.They have been in China since 2012.4