电动汽车双向DC_DC变换器的应用研究_谢鹏.docx
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1、 分类号: TM46 密级:公开 单位代码: 10363 学 号: 2130230146 題 目: 电 动 汽 车 双 向 DC/ DC变换器的应用研究 英文并列 題 目: _ Application of Bidirectional DC/DC Converter _ In The Electric Vehicle _ 学生姓名: _ 谢鹏 指导教师: 王鸣 (副教授) 方其敏 (高级工程师 ) 专 业: 控制工稃 研究方向: 先进传感与检测技术 论文答辩日期 : 2 0 1 6 年 6 月 2 日 安徽工程大学论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明 .我恪守学术道德,崇尚严谨学风。所呈交的学位 论文
2、,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除 文中已明确注明和引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体 已经发表或撰写过的作品及成果的内容。论文为本人亲自撰写,我对 所写的内容负责,并完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 : 謝祕 曰期: #6月 5曰 安徽工程大学学位论文版权使用授权书 学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同 意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允 许论文被查阅或借阅。本人授权安徽工程大学可以将本学位论文的全 部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以釆用影印、缩印或扫描 等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文
3、。 保密 ,在 年解密后适用本版权书。 本学位论文属于 不保密 0。 学位论文作者签名 指导教师签名: 3 曰期: 6 月 ) 曰 日期 年厶月 4日 安徽工程大学硕士学位论文 电动汽车双向 DC/DC变换器的应用研究 摘要 随着交通运输的发展,私人汽车的数量也与日俱增,但传统燃油 汽车对石油的依赖过大,燃油汽车数量的增加不但引起能源的过大消 耗,也给自然环境带来了污染。在节能与环保的要求下,电动汽车在 近几年来得到了飞速的发展。由于蓄电池存在比功率低,寿命有限等 缺点,加载超级电容的电动汽车能够延长蓄电池寿命,吸收制动能量, 节约能源。双向 DC/DC变换器作为电动汽车能量处理的重要单元,
4、可实现能量的双向流动,并对储能原件的充放电电压进行控制,对电 动汽车的行驶性能的好坏起到了决定性的作用。本文针对以超级电容 作为辅助能源系统的电动汽车对双向 DC/DC变换器的性能需求,选 择了两相交错式双向半桥 DC/DC变换器作为拓扑结构,并针对控制 目标设置了不同的控制策略,以提高变换器的动静态性能。 首先,探讨了常见双向 DC/DC变换器优缺点,选择了电压应力 相对较低的双向半桥 DC/DC变换器。为了满足电动汽车对大电流的 要求,并且减少变换器的输出波纹,将两个双向半桥 DC/DC变换器 并联,组成两相交错 式双向半桥 DC/DC变换器,并阐述了两相交错 式双向半桥 DC/DC变换器
5、的工作原理和电路主要参数的设计,绘制 了变换器不同工作模式下的波形。 其次,根据电动汽车不同运行状态下对 DC/DC变换器的要求, 安徽工程大学硕士学位论文 明确了控制目标,采用了电压电流双闭环控制策略,通过状态空间平 均法推导了变换器工作在 Buck模式与 Boost式时的小信号模型,设 置了相应的PI控制器,并绘制出补偿前后的系统 Bode图,验证补偿 后系统的稳定性。由于电动汽车双向 DC/DC变 换器是一个非线性的 系统,且其输入端电压变化范围宽,传统的固定参数 PI控制难以达 到预期的控制效果。论文结合模糊控制与 PI控制各自的优点,采用 电压外环模糊 PI控制以及电流内环传统PI控
6、制的控制策略,以提高 变换器的响应速度和系统的鲁棒性。设置了模糊 PI控制器,确定了 控制器的输入输出量的论域及隶属函数、模糊控制规则,去模糊化方 法,并运用 MATLAB绘制了模糊控制器的输出量 3尤 /、八心模糊控 制总图。 最后,为实现双向 DC/DC变换器的控制策略,采用 TMS320F2812 作为控制芯片,对模拟 PI控制器进行离散化处理,并设置了系统主 程序流程。在MATLAB/SIMULINK中针对不同的控制策略,分别搭 建了变换器的仿真模型,验证了所设计的变换器及其控制策略,并对 仿真结果进行对比与分析,结果表明,采用模糊 PI控制,能更好的 解决系统非线性问题,提高系统的鲁
7、棒性。 关键词:电动汽车,双向 DC/DC变换器,交错并联,双闭环控制, 模糊PI控制 安撤工程大学硕士学位论文 APPLICATION OF BIDIRECTIONAL DC/DC CONVERTER IN THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE ABSTRACT With the development of transportation, private cars also gradually increase, but the traditional fuel automobile was largely dqjendent on oil, the increment of cars
8、 not only caused the incremental consumption of fiiel energy, but also brought natural environment pollution. With the requirement for saving energy and protecting environment, the electric car has been rapid development in recent decades. Because the battery power is low than the existing shortcomi
9、ngs and limited lifetime, electric vehicle loading super capacitor can prolong the service life of the accumulator and can absorb the braking energy, and can save energy. Bidirectional DC/DC converter, as an important unit of electric vehicle energy treatment, can realize bidirectional flow of energ
10、y, and can control the charge or discharge of the energy storage, plays a decisive role in driving performance of electric vehicles. In this paper with the super capacitor as the performance requirements of electric vehicle auxiliary power system of bidirectional DC/DC converter, two interleaved 安撤工
11、程大学硕士学位论文 bidirectional half bridge DC/DC converter was selected as the topology. And different control strategies were setting up for the control target, in order to improve the static and dynamic performance of the converter. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of the bidirectional DC/DC con
12、verter were discussed, and the bi-directional half bridge DC/DC converter that the voltage stress is relatively low was selected. In order to meet the requirements of high current electric vehicles and to reduce the output ripple of the converter. The two bidirectional half bridge DC/DC converters i
13、n parallel, consist of intersecting fault type half bridge bidirectional DC/DC converter. The two intersecting fault type half bridge bidirectional DC/DC converters working principle and circuit parameters design were described and the waveform of the converter in different operation modes was drew.
14、 Secondly, according to the requirements of the electric vehicles of different running state of DC/DC converter, a control target was cleared, the voltage and current double closed-loop control strategy was adopted, and the small signal model of converter working in Buck mode and boost mode was deri
15、ved through the state space average method. The corresponding pi controller was set up, the system Bode diagram before and after compensation was drew out, and the stability of compensated system was verified. Because the bidirectional DC/DIV 安撤工程大学硕士学位论文 the traditional fixed parameter PI control i
16、s difficult to achieve the desired effect. This paper, combined with the advantages of fuzzy control and PI control, uses the fuzzy PI control of voltage outer loop and the control strategy of the traditional PI control of current inner loop to improve the response speed and system robustness. This
17、paper sets up fuzzy PI controller and the domain membership function of input and output controller fuzzy control rules to determine the fuzzy method, and uses MATLAB to draw the fuzzy controller output Delta KI, Delta KP fuzzy control drawing. Finally, in order to realize the control strategy of bi
18、directional DC/DC converter, TMS320F2812 was used as the processor. The analog PI controller was discretized, and the main program flow was set up. In the MATLAB/SIMULINK, according to different control strategies, the simulation model of the converter was built, the design of converter and its cont
19、rol strategy is validated, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed. The results show that the fuzzy PI control can better solve the problem of nonlinear system, improve the robustness of the system. KEY WORDS: electric vehicle, bidirectional DC/DC converter, Interleaving parallel, doub
20、le closed loop control, fuzzy-pi v 安徽工程大学硕士学位论文 目录 第 1 章绪论 . 1 1.1课题的研究背景 . 1 1.2电动汽车的发展现状 . 2 1.2.1电动汽车简介 . 2 1.2.2国内外电动汽车发展状况 . 3 1.2.3电动汽车发展遇到的问题 . 4 1.3双向 DC/DC变换器的发展状况 . 5 1.4超级电容 . 6 1.4.1超级电容简介 . 6 1.4.2超级电容在电动汽车辅助储能系统中的应用 . 6 1.4.3超级电容建模 . . . . 8 1.5论文的选题意义和主要内容 . 9 1.5.1论文的选题意义 . 9 1.5.2论文
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