中考英语阅读理解-解题策略指导课件.ppt
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1、 中考英语阅读理解-解题策略指导1525251540A guessing game 英语中考试卷英语中考试卷Reading comprehension Reading comprehension China has banned free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using plastic bags. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and peo
2、ple throw them away here and there. 1.People in China have to _ now. A.throw plastic bags here and there B.collect plastic bags in the street C.pay for using plastic bags at shops and supermarkets D.use free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets 题型:细节理解题型:细节理解“细节理解细节理解”题解题技巧:题解题技巧: 先找出题干或是选项中的关键字,一
3、般为数字、大先找出题干或是选项中的关键字,一般为数字、大写或人名地名,再通过快速阅读确定该细节在文中的出处写或人名地名,再通过快速阅读确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源)。(信息源)。 有的答案有的答案可从所提供的阅读材料中可从所提供的阅读材料中直接直接找找出出;有的答案;有的答案是短文中某个句子或是短文中某个句子或经过改写经过改写的句子的句子;有的;有的则则需要结合上下文提供的信息进行需要结合上下文提供的信息进行简单的分析,概括,甚简单的分析,概括,甚至计算至计算,最后得出正确答案,最后得出正确答案 ,仔细对照题干要求,排除,仔细对照题干要求,排除或选择。或选择。友情提醒:友情提醒: 命题者惯用
4、命题者惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来的手法来“迷惑迷惑”考生,即对原句细微处做改动,截取原文词考生,即对原句细微处做改动,截取原文词语或结构进行改造,所以正确理解题干和信息句的意语或结构进行改造,所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。义是关键。牛刀小试牛刀小试2. When do they stop serving dinner? A. 10:00 am. B. 10:30 pm. C. 2:00 pm. D. 9:30 pm. Teddy Smiths Fast Food Open: 10:00 am - 10:30 pm Lunch served (服务服务) til
5、l 2:00 pmDinner served till 9:30 pmEat in or take away题型:判断推理题型:判断推理 The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day, and they have caused pollution of the environment. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and people throw them a
6、way here and there. 3China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the _A.environment B.litter C.shops D.supermarkets“判断推理判断推理”题解题技巧:题解题技巧: 判断推理题要求在判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息理解原文表面文字信息的的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可能是某几句话,但做题的是文中某一句话,
7、也可能是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。文字信息做多步推理。友情提醒:友情提醒:1.1.判断推理有理有据,切忌用自己观点代替作者判断推理有理有据,切忌用自己观点代替作者本意。本意。2.2.全面分析相关信息,切忌得出片面结论。全面分析相关信息,切忌得出片面结论。3.3.善于揣摩作者思路,尽可能与作者思路吻合。善于揣摩作者思路,尽可能与作者思路吻合。牛刀小试(牛刀小试(20112011江西中考江西中考):):76. What
8、can we learn from the passage? A. Ida hadnt seen her birthparents for at least 22 years. B. Ida found it easy for her to get used to living in Korea. C. Ida still couldnt accept who she was after she went back to Sweden. D. Ida realized she cant live a happy life either in Sweden or in Korea. A youn
9、g girl called Ida in Sweden decided to travel to a place she hadnt seen for 22 years. She had a happy life until some kids asked, “Why dont you look like your mom?” Ida was sent to her adopted (收养收养) Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their own money. They also borrowed mon
10、ey from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque for $100,000, and they started their own company. Their first office was in a friends garage 6. The underline word “cheque” in the fifth paragraph means _. A.A.楼房楼房 B.B.帐单帐单 C.C.订单订单 D. D. 支票支票 题型:题型:词义猜测词义猜测“词义猜测词义猜测”题解题技巧:题解题技巧: 考
11、查内容多为考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵,掌握大量单词和习语是重要的。但不同的内涵,掌握大量单词和习语是重要的。但语言是活的东西语言是活的东西,做这类题时,做这类题时,应从文中找线索应从文中找线索或信息词,再根据熟悉的词或词义判断新单词之或信息词,再根据熟悉的词或词义判断新单词之意,并根据上下文判断意,并根据上下文判断词汇在特定语境中词汇在特定语境中的确切的确切含义。含义。友情提醒:友情提醒: 做这种类型的题,要根据所在的语境来判断词做这种类型的题,要根据所在的语境来判
12、断词义。命题者在出此类题时义。命题者在出此类题时惯用常规词义惯用常规词义来麻痹考来麻痹考生,在猜测词义时,生,在猜测词义时,切不可脱离语境想当然切不可脱离语境想当然。牛刀小试(牛刀小试(20112011江西中考江西中考):):75. What does the phrase apart from in Paragraph 3 mean?A. except B. as for C. as well as D. besides After finding out the place of her birthparents, Ida went to Korea in 2008. When she f
13、irst arrived, she was surprised to see so many people who looked like her. However, apart from her looks, not much could be shared (分享分享) with others. She knew little about the culture, food China has banned free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using plastic bags.
14、The rule started on June 1. It came because our country tried to make litter less. Making super-thin (超薄) plastic bags has also been banned. 3. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph means A. the plastic bag B. the free plastic bag C. The rule D. the super-thin plastic bag题型: 内容指代“ 内容指代题内容
15、指代题”解题技巧解题技巧 内容指代是我们内容指代是我们2012年新增的题型,多考年新增的题型,多考代词指代词指代代,有时也可能是,有时也可能是词组或句子词组或句子。主要考查学生对。主要考查学生对上下文语意连贯上下文语意连贯的理解能力。所以学生首先要对的理解能力。所以学生首先要对就所给就所给词在句中的成分词在句中的成分做出分析,再对的前后句做出分析,再对的前后句或段反复研读,找出具体指代对象。或段反复研读,找出具体指代对象。友情提醒:友情提醒: 做这种类型的题,要根据所选词或句子的具做这种类型的题,要根据所选词或句子的具体语段来判断。命题者在出此类题时体语段来判断。命题者在出此类题时惯用句子中惯
16、用句子中的其他的重要成分词的其他的重要成分词来混淆考生的视线。来混淆考生的视线。切忌抛切忌抛开语篇断章取义。开语篇断章取义。 牛刀小试牛刀小试 Try to stop thinking negative thoughts about yourself. If youre used to looking at your disadvantages,you should write down three things about yourself that make you happy. Think about what youre good at and what you enjoy,and g
17、o for them. What does the underlined word” them” refer to ? A. Your disadvantages. B. Your negative thoughts. C. Three things that make you happy. D. What youre good at and what you enjoy.4. What does the author mainly want to tell us? A. Mountain climbing is dangerous. B. Women can do the same thin
18、gs as men. C. Junko was the greatest climber in the world. D. Junko had a very hard time before she succeeded.尾段尾段 Finally in 1975, the team went to climb the mountain Suddenly a huge amount of snow and ice fell on them. One guide saved Junko. She rushed to help others. Everyone was alive but they h
19、ad injuries, including Junko. However, the team decided to continue their climb. About two weeks later, on May 16, Junko reached the top of Mount Everest. Later she said, I cant understand why men make all this fuss (过于关注过于关注) about Everest - its only a mountain.首段首段 In 1975, Junko Tabei became the
20、first woman to reach the top of Mount Everest in the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountain in the world at 29,035 feet.题型:主旨归纳题型:主旨归纳 主旨归纳题常见题型为主旨归纳题常见题型为最佳标题最佳标题(title)或或中心思中心思想想(main idea)等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想,等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的就要十分留意文章的开头开头和和结尾结尾,在多数情况下,在多数情况下,尤其在说明文和议论文中,主题句在文章中的尤其在说明文和议论文中,
21、主题句在文章中的位置位置通常有三种:通常有三种:开头开头、文中文中和和文末文末。“主旨归纳主旨归纳”题解题技巧:题解题技巧:友情提醒:友情提醒:有些干扰选项,从局部看也许不算错,有些干扰选项,从局部看也许不算错,但但从全局看却又片面从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差,。这类干扰项与正确答案之差,其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部为局部现象迷惑现象迷惑,而忽略了文章的,而忽略了文章的整体思想整体思想。5. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Sleep More! B. Go
22、 to Sleep! C. Age and Sleep Time D. Famous People and Sleep首段首段 Sleep is very important. A person who does not sleep dies faster than a person who does not eat. We spend about a third (1/3) of our lives in sleep. Thats about 121 days a year!尾段尾段This is not a new problem. Many famous people in histor
23、y had insomnia. Some of these people had special ideas to make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin had four beds. He moved from one to the other to fall asleep. Mark Twain had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of the bed!牛刀小试:牛刀小试:Competition1 2 3 41001 2 3 41 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 200300400If yo
24、u know how much the is for your letter, you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices, you can buy stamps from machines. Stamps are sold at many different prices, from one cent to many dollars.1. What does “ ” mean in this passage?A. 邮票邮票 B.邮戳邮戳 C.邮筒邮筒 D.邮资邮资 词义猜测词义猜测Did you ever hear someo
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