Translation Skills 翻译技巧.ppt
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1、Translation Skills翻译技巧,Section5-6,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样,本应力求简练,尽量省略一些可有可无的词;但有时为了明确、强调或生动,却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,一、为了明确(一)重复名词 1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词 1)Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧2)They began to study and
2、analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情2. 重复英语中作表语的名词 1)He became an oil baron - all by himself. 他成为一个石油大王一个白手起家的石油大王3)John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词 英语中常重复使用前置词,而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。 1)The doctor will ge
3、t more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。2)The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destfoyed by the capitalist industrial machine. 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事,是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸的人们的故事,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,4.
4、重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(名词或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。1)They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. 他们举行了示威游行和静坐,散发了请愿书,而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者手中2)Water can be de
5、composed by energy, a current of electricity. 水可由能量来分解,所谓能量也就是电流,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,(二)重复动词 1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语,在译文中往往要重复这个动词。 1)Is he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢,还是个仇人? 2)The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too. 这一下不仅震痛了他的手,也震痛了他的肩膀3)For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and
6、my brother. 足足有十分钟,他既骂我,又骂我的兄弟,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,2. 英语句子中动词后有前置词时,在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词,在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。 1)We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other - of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况谈到一切,只是不谈我们的男女主人。3)He
7、no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风涛,不再梦见惊人的遭遇,也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,(三)重复代词 1. 英语中用代词的地方,翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。 1)Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛,眼里充满了泪水2)In China, they ma
8、de mistakes, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory. 在中国,他们“犯过错误”,吃过错误的亏,承认错误,研究错误,从而制定了胜利的方针。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,2. 英语中用物主代词its,his,their等等以代替句中作主语的名词(有时附有修饰语)时,翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词(有时附有修饰语),以达到明确具体的目的。 1)Happy families also had their own troubles. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的
9、苦恼。 2)Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines. 强国有强国的策略,小国也有小国的路线。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,3. 英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词whoever,whenever,wherever等等,翻译时往往使用重复法处理。 1)Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized. 谁犯了纪律,谁就应该受到批评。2)Wherever severe oppression exist
10、ed, there would be revolution. 哪里有残酷的压迫,哪里就有革命。4. 英语用some . and others .(some ., others .)连用的句子,译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式的“的”字结构,有时也可以用“有的,有的”句式。 1)Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的,上大学了,下乡的,下乡了。(=有的上大学了,有的下乡了。)2)Some played soccer and others played basketball. 踢足球的,踢足球去
11、了,打篮球的,打篮球去了。(=有的踢足球去了,有的打篮球去了。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,二 为了强调 (一)英语原文中有词的重复,译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。英语对仗句的前后两部分中往往有词的重复,译成汉语时对仗句一般可以保持同样的词的重复。 1.Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city in which they dwelt. 君主死了,在他面前卑躬屈膝阿谀奉承的侍臣死了,他们居住的这个都城也死了。 2.Eye for eye, tooth for
12、tooth. 以眼还眼,以牙还牙。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,(二)英语原文中有词的重复,译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之。 1. During their stay in Peking, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Peking University and visited the Great Wall. 他们在北京逗留期间,拜访了几个老朋友,参观了北京大学,游览了长城。,Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法,三、为了生动活泼英语原文中及时没有此的重复,翻译是为了使译文生动,又是也会采用下
13、列各种重复手段。、(一)运用叠词重复1. The rain falls in drops.雨淅淅沥沥地下着。2. I wasnt evasive in my reply.我的回答并不躲躲闪闪。(二)运用两个四字词组He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.他在情况危急时,态度从容,镇定自若。(三)运用四字对偶词组If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。,Exercises,1.
14、 Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.2. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.3. The prisoner often got into argument with each other or with the guard4. We have hearts and loves and wishes and memories and fear, just as you have.5.
15、He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.,Exercises,1. Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。2. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。3. The prisoner often got into argument with each other or
16、with the guard囚犯们常常互相争吵,或者同看守争吵。4. We have hearts and loves and wishes and memories and fear, just as you have.我们有心灵、有爱情、有欲望、有恐惧,恰和你们一样。5. He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.他曾经送给我一本书。这本书我一直保存至今。,Exercises,6. Is he a friend or an enemy?7. You can do that work very well if you care to.8. We t
17、alked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each otherof everything.9. Work while you work, play while you play.10. Happy families also had their own troubles.,Exercises,6. Is he a friend or an enemy?他是个朋友呢,还是个敌人?7. You can do that work very well if you care to.如果你肯做那项工作
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